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Developing effective electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction (CO 2 RR) is of critical importance for producing carbon-neutral fuels. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an ideal platform for constructing catalysts toward CO 2 RR, because of their controllable skeletons and ordered pores. However, most of these COFs are synthesized from Co-porphyrins or phthalocyanines-based monomers, and the available building units and resulting catalytic centers in COFs are still limited. Herein, Co-N 5 sites are first developed through anchoring Co porphyrins on an olefin-linked COF, where the Co active sites are uniformly distributed in the hexagonal networks. The strong electronic coupling between Co porphyrins and COF is disclosed by various characterizations such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory calculation (DFT). Thanks to the CoN 5 sites, the catalytic COF shows remarkable catalytic activity with Faraday efficiencies (FE CO ) of 84.2-94.3% at applied potentials between -0.50 and -0.80 V (vs RHE), and achieves a turnover frequency of 4578 h -1 at -1.0 V. Moreover, the theoretical calculation further reveals that the CoN 5 sites enable a decrease in the overpotential for the formation COOH*. This work provides a design strategy to employ COFs as scaffold for fabricating efficient CO 2 electrocatalysts., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background and Objective: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging features of TM mycosis complicated with bone destruction with the aim to improve understanding, diagnosis, and treatment., Methods: Data of hospitalized TM-infected patients with bone destruction from October 2012 to May 2019 were collected. The clinical and imaging features of the disease were comprehensively analyzed., Results: All 35 patients were non-HIV infected, but some had underlying co-morbid illnesses. The duration of the disease was 1-36 months (median: 5 months). Fever, anemia, weight loss, and respiratory symptoms were the main clinical manifestations of the patients. There were 18 patients (51.4%) who had bone pain. Peripheral blood leukocyte count increased significantly in 27 patients (77.1%). The neutrophil count increased in 28 patients (80%). C-reactive protein (CRP) and immunoglobulin G levels increased in 93.3% (14/15) and 82.1% (23/28) patients, respectively. The imaging examination showed osteolytic lesions, which were multiple in several bony areas., Conclusion: Young and middle-aged patients with non-AIDS TM complicated with underlying diseases should be especially cautious in case of occurrence of bone destruction. The main clinical manifestations of patients with TM complicated with bone destruction were pulmonary symptoms and bone and joint pain, which could be accompanied by progressive consumptive diseases., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2021.)

Transition metal oxides are the potential catalysts to replace noble-metal based catalyst for the catalytic combustion of methane due to the tolerable reactivity and low cost. However, these catalysts are challenged by the low temperature reactivity. Herein, the surface defective Co 3 O 4 nanoplates are realized through a facile co-precipitation and thermal reduction method with the association of GO. The resultant catalysts (CoGO50) demonstrate a superior low-temperature reactivity for the methane oxidation to CO 2 and H 2 O in comparison with the common Co 3 O 4 catalyst. The reliable stability of CoGO50 catalyst was proved by 80 h testing with intermittent feeding of water vapor. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the presence of a small amount of GO significantly affects the catalysts in surface valence state, active oxygen species and surface oxygen vacancies through reacting with the cobalt oxide as a reductant. Moreover, GO plays as 2D confine template to form smaller and thinner nanoplates. This work provides a facile method to control the surface properties of catalyst not only for Co 3 O 4 based catalysts but also for wider solid catalysts.

We demonstrate the nearly quantitative conversion of methanol to methyl formate (MF) with a reliable durability on the reduced-graphene-oxide-confined VTiOx nanoparticles (rGO@VTiO). The rGO@VTiO exhibits superior low-temperature reactivity than the rGO-free VTiO, and the MF yield of 98.8% is even comparable with the noble metal catalysts. Both experiments and simulations demonstrate that the ultrathin rGO shell significantly impacts the shell/core interfacial electronic structure and the surface chemistry of the resultant catalysts, leading to remarkable reactivity in methanol to MF. rGO enhances the dispersion and loading rates of active monomeric/oligomeric VOx. In particular, the electron migration between the rGO shell and oxides core reinforces the acidity of rGO@VTiO in the absence of sulfate acidic sites. Moreover, both in situ NAP-XPS and DRIFTS investigations suggest that the lattice oxygen was involved in the oxidation of methanol and the MF was formed via the hemiacetal mechanism., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Urea methanolysis is a green alternative to synthesize dimethyl carbonate (UM-to-DMC). However, it is strongly challenged by the generated NH 3 induced thermodynamic equilibrium limitation and the azeotropic products' separation. Herein, these predicaments are well-relieved by introducing membranes in both reaction and product separation. An NH 3 permselective membrane reactor (MR) based on modified SAPO-34 membrane is successfully realized for UM-to-DMC. The permselectivity and acidity of the SAPO-34 membrane are significantly adjusted to cater the strict molecular sieving of NH 3 /methanol and chemical inertness upon the reaction. The MR exhibits excellent reactant conversion and DMC selectivity, resulting in >139% higher DMC yield than that of the nonmembrane reactor, due to in situ removal of NH 3 by the membrane. The MR also demonstrates reliable chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability during >2000 h. Moreover, the regular SAPO-34 membrane with controlled thickness presents remarkable separation performance for the methanol-DMC azeotrope, in which the methanol-DMC separation factors and the methanol permeance are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the polymeric membranes. This study suggests the great potential that integration of such membranes offers for process intensification, energy savings, and efficiency improvement in a series of urea alcoholysis and even other NH 3 releasing reactions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.)

Supported Pt catalyst has been intensively investigated for formaldehyde elimination owing to its superior reactivity at room temperature (RT). However, the high Pt content is challenging because of its high cost. Herein, we report PbO-supported Pt catalysts with only 0.1 wt % Pt, which can achieve complete conversion of formaldehyde and reliable stability at RT under demanding conditions. Both experiments and simulations demonstrate that PbO interacts strongly with the Pt species, resulting in tight Pb-O-Pt bonding at the metal/support interface and concomitant activation of the surface lattice oxygen of the support. Moreover, PbO exhibits an extremely high capacity of formaldehyde capture through methylene glycol chemisorption rather than the common hydroxyl-associated adsorption, presenting a different reaction mechanism because the active surface lattice oxygen in the vicinity of Pt species offers improved reactivity. This work provides a valuable example for the design of an efficient catalyst for formaldehyde and potentially oxidation of other carbohydrates., (Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

To investigate the treatment results for the different surgical approaches for intraspinal tumor in lumbar spine. We retrospectively reviewed data for 51 patients with intraspinal tumors who were treated with surgery. We used the navigation system (group A) or traditional method (group B) to guide the surgery. Through the comparison of group A (22 patients) and group B (29 patients), we found some differences between the two groups, such as their total resection rate, the placement of pedicle screws, the mean operating time, intraoperative operation loss, JOA scores. In group A, the total resection rate was 95.45%. One hundred and ten pedicle screws were implanted, and no screw injured the nerve tissues or blood vessel; the placement of 94.55% of the pedicle screws was excellent. In group B, the total resection rate was 86.28%. A total of 134 pedicle screws were implanted, including five screws that injured nerve tissues or blood vessels; the placement of 87.31% of the pedicle screws was excellent. The postoperative symptoms were significantly improved in the two groups, and there were no deaths. The operation times were significantly lower in group A than in group B (P < 0.05), and the intraoperative operation loss was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P < 0.01). Additionally, the postoperative improvement in percent evaluated by Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) back pain evaluation questionnaire was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). The navigation system can provide crucial help in the treatment of spinal operation as an assisted method, which has great potential to improve the accuracy and safety.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine and is widely used to treat many diseases for hundreds of years conventionally. This study was to access the effects of PSP on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the mice. Cells collected from BALB/C mice in the bone marrow were isolated and cultured with osteogenic medium (OM) with different concentrations of PSP. The proliferation and morphological changes of BMSCs were observed using an inverted microscope. Flow cytometric analysis was used to identify the BMSCs. MTT test was performed to analyze the proliferation and viability of the cells. ELISA was used to determine the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Immunocytochemistry and western blot were respectively used to determine the expressions of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and SPARC/osteonectin (OSN). The growth curves of the proliferation and differentiation of the Control, OM, 17β-E2 and PSP groups were increased. Compared to the Control and OM groups, the expression levels of ALP, OC, PINP and BMP-2 were significantly increased in the PSP induced group (P<0.05). Immunocytochemistry and western blot showed that BSP and SPARC were increased after induction of PSP compared to the OM group (P<0.05). The study demonstrates that PSP promotes the proliferation and enhances the viability of BMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, PSP may be a potential treatment of osteoporosis in the clinic.

Pincers do the trick: The conversion of ethanol to ethyl acetate and hydrogen was achieved using a pincer-Ru catalyst in a Pd-Ag membrane reactor. Near quantitative conversions and yields could be achieved without the need for acid or base promoters or hydrogen acceptors (see scheme)., (Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators (CRT-D) avoiding defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing when treating ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF)., Methods: We analyzed a continuous database of the 21 patients who had avoided DFT during ICD implantation from Oct. 1999 to Aug. 2008. Follow-up data were completed and analyzed in the 21 patients with ICD implantation., Results: ICDs were implanted successfully in 17 patients with VT or VF, and CRT-D were implanted successfully in 4 myocardiopathy patients with severe heart failure who avoided DFT during ICD or CRT-D implantation. Eight patients accepted DFT 1 week later, VT or VF was not induced in 3 patients (37.5%). During the mean follow-up of 1 approximately 7 (4.2+/-1.9) years, malignant ventricular arrythmia was recorded in 16 patients. Among them, 89 episodes were successfully terminated by defbrillation (100%), 120 VT events were terminated by the first run of antitachycardia pacing (51.1%) and 22 by low energy cardioversion (59.2%). All patients took antiarrhycardia drugs after ICD or CRT-D implantation. No patient died from malignant ventricular arrythmia during the follow-up., Conclusion: No application of routine DFT may avoid complications associated with DFT during ICD or CRT-D implantation. ICD or CRT-D implantation may effectively treat fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias and prevent sudden cardiac death.