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Relevance. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of allergic diseases among the population. In patients with allergic conditions in the presence of indications, allergists are increasingly prescribing allergen-specific immunotherapy. This necessitates the search for new accurate tools and markers for forecasting and evaluating its effectiveness. At present, methods of monitoring the effectiveness of allergen-specific immunotherapy are largely based on the assessment of the clinical condition of patients through questionnaires and provocative trials. Promising in this direction is the study of the role of IgG4 in the development of tolerance to allergens, and the mechanisms by which this protective function is realized. Particularly important are pathological reactions to food, which can be mediated not only by IgE, but also by IgG-associated circulating immune complexes. Therefore, it is important to study the role of IgG in the development of food intolerance and the possibility of using an elimination diet based on the identification of specific IgG to food in such patients. Objective: to summarize the literature and the results of own studies of IgG antibodies in the diagnosis of allergic conditions and control of allergen-specific immunotherapy. Methods. Search in international scientometric databases PubMed, Scopus, etc. by keywords. Search depth - 10 years (2011-2021). IgG determination was performed by FOX test (Food Xplorer Macro Array Diagnostics GmbH, Austria), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. A review of the literature revealed studies that found an association between increases in IgG4 levels and a decrease in allergy in patients receiving allergen-specific therapy. Also, a significant number of studies attribute the important role of IgG in the development of food intolerance, in which a high-efficiency elimination diet based on excluded products to which specific IgG is detected. Conclusions. IgG is an antibody with unique biological properties, which plays an important role in the mechanisms of occurrence and course of a number of diseases, including those related to allergies. As a result, IgGs have great diagnostic potential. The existing problem of lack of objective diagnostic methods that would assess the effectiveness of allergen-specific immunotherapy in the early stages and predict the patient's condition in the future, could be solved by introducing the determination of IgG4 levels in general clinical practice. It is also important to determine food-specific IgG in patients with food intolerance, the content of which we determined using the FOX test. Various studies have established the effectiveness of a diet based on the elimination from the diet of foods to which specific IgG has been detected. Compared to the uncontrolled intake of symptomatic drugs and various unjustified dietary restrictions, this diet has significant therapeutic and economic benefits.

Skewed X-chromosome inactivation (sXCI) can be a marker of lethal genetic variants on the X chromosome in a woman since sXCI modifies the pathological phenotype. The aim of this study was to search for CNVs in women with miscarriages and sXCI. XCI was assayed using the classical method based on the amplification of highly polymorphic exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. The XCI status was analysed in 313 women with pregnancy loss and in 87 spontaneously aborted embryos with 46,XX karyotype, as well as in control groups of 135 women without pregnancy loss and 64 embryos with 46,XX karyotype from induced abortions in women who terminated a normal pregnancy. The frequency of sXCI differed significantly between women with miscarriages and women without pregnancy losses (6.3% and 2.2%, respectively; p = 0.019). To exclude primary causes of sXCI, sequencing of the XIST and XACT genes was performed. The XIST and XACT gene sequencing revealed no known pathogenic variants that could lead to sXCI. Molecular karyotyping was performed using aCGH, followed by verification of X-linked CNVs by RT-PCR and MLPA. Microdeletions at Xp11.23 and Xq24 as well as gains of Xq28 were detected in women with sXCI and pregnancy loss.

Cerebral brain injuries (CBIs) account for up to 20% of all injuries in boxing. Approximately 97% of sports-related brain injuries are mild, their neurological symptoms are unexpressed, and young, strong, highly motivated athletes tend to dismiss the severity of their injuries. This may lead to an underestimation of the severity and extent of brain injuries. Changes in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mild traumatic brain injury are absent in the early stages, making diagnosis difficult. Frequent repetitive traumatic brain injuries, including mild brain injuries, can result in functional and structural brain lesions that affect athletes’ performance and, in the long term, significantly impair their quality of life. Also, the consequences of cerebral brain injuries, including mild brain injury, can be affected by the individual condition of the Circle of Willis.

Accurate methods to predict the free energies of protein-ligand interactions have great potential to assist rational drug design. In this work, we used molecular dynamics simulations with alchemical perturbation to predict the binding of carbohydrate-based ligands to influenza virus neuraminidase (N2). This specific drug target is a challenging test system for alchemical free energy methods because it has flexible binding site motifs. We use a molecular dynamics protocol that works for longer time scales than are often reported in previous molecular dynamics studies of N2. We demonstrated that N2-ligand complex stability and that accurate N2 150-loop dynamics, on a 350 ns time scale, are both force field-dependent (AMBER99SB-ILDN, GAFF and TIP4P water are required). Further, we showed that crystallographic waters must be retained to maintain stability of N2-ligand complexes over 350 ns. Using our modelling protocol, we were able to determine relative binding free energy values between neuraminidase ligands which correlated strongly with experimental differences in pIC50 values (R = -0.96, ρ = 0.86, N = 13, sig < 0.0001). It is anticipated that the molecular dynamics protocol and the relative binding free energy methods reported here, will both be useful in expediting the discovery of novel therapeutics for N2 and other homologous glycohydrolases.

The long-term operation of rails has been studied with focus on (1) the formation and behavior of structural-phase states and nanoscale structures, (2) the modelling of the processes occurring in the surface layers of rails under severe plastic deformation and (3) the methods and techniques for assessing the structural and phase states of rails, internal stresses, and their evolution during the life cycle. The book references 264 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.

S. Hodgson and G.F. Stout were remarkable, but insufficiently studied philosophers and presidents of the early Aristotelian society. The report is about their conceptions which despite almost unknown in the contemporary philosophy make us pay attention to them. For example S. Hodgson’s philosophy was the subject of discussion about its place in the phenomenological movement. G.F. Stout’s philosophy is interesting not only because he was the G.E. Moore’s and B. Russel’s lecturer. His philosophy was arguably ascribed to idealistic direction in British philosophy of XIX–XX century. There are few contemporary studies where the influence of G.F. Stout on the emergence of analytical philosophy is considered. The report will consider the metaphilosophical role of "common sense in G.F. Stout’s philosophy.

The evolution/degradation of the structure and phase composition of rail head material of 100-meter differentially quenched rails after extremely long-term operation is analyzed. It is shown that similar conditions of loading result in different structural transformations on the rail head surface. The formation of lattice curvature in crystal interstitial sites and initiation of highly mobile interstitial structural states there cause a dissolution of pearlite. It occurs at a depth of ≈10 mm. It is superimposed by the formation of a nanoscale substructure in the tread surface in a layer ≈2 mm thick. The nanoparticles of the carbide phase precipitate on the boundaries of the substructure. The failure of the rail metal will proceed, in the first place, in the surface layer where a critical level of the crystal lattice curvature is formed and the concentration of interstitial vacancies is maximum.

The data on northern shrimp Pandalus eous from the northwestern Japan Sea are presented, as the bioanalysis results for 204,502 ind. in trawl catches of research and fishing vessels collected in 2004–2018. The data were combined in the common database that allowed to consider annual time-series of biological parameters with 10-day resolution and to reveal long-term cycles of these parameters and determine their periods and phases. Dynamics of the mass molting was clarified for certain years. Duration of reproductive cycle for the northern shrimp females in the Japan Sea is determined as 2 years. In the first year of this cycle, the gonads develop in intersexes and females (group I) that is finished with their pre-spawning molting and spawning. In the second year of the cycle, the females (group II) hatch the eggs on pleopods, release the larvae, and then molt, too. Appearance of the hairs for egg attaching to pleopods in the process of molting is considered usually as a sign of the females transverse from the group I to the group II. In the studied population, the females of both groups were presented in the catches in approximately equal proportion throughout the year. Molting of both groups occurred simultaneously, with the peaks in early-middle May and finish by the end of June. New reproductive cycle for one of the two groups started in July. The gonads of group I and the eggs of group II developed intensively from November to March-April. Hatching of the larvae proceeded actively in March-April, with the peak in early April, spawning — in April-May, with the peak in early May. Hence, in the scale of population, the time from the gonads appearance to completion of their development and spawning for 50 % of the group I individuals is 7 months and the time of gestation for the group II is 11 months. Sex change in males began in August-October, the transitional stage between the peaks of molting lasted about 8 months: from the summer-autumn molting of males to the pre-spawning molting of intersexes — during this time they change their secondary sexual characteristics. In total, five mass molts of northern shrimp in the northwestern Japan Sea are observed annually: i) winter molting of males, with the peak in middle February; ii) pre-spawning molting, with the peak in early May; iii) molting of females after hatching of larvae, with the peak in middle May; iv) summer-autumn molting of males with partial sex change, with the peak in early September; and v) autumn molting of females, with the peak in early November. All molts have similar dynamics: each of them lasts about 3 months with the intensive molting during 1.0–1.5 months, at the peak of molt the portion of molting shrimp in catches increases to 55–71 % of the respective group. Generalized scheme of reproduction-molting cycle of northern shrimp in the northwestern Japan Sea is proposed.

The article reviews the experience of aerial surveys using a quadcopter DJI Inspire 1 PRO (unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV) for solving problems of engineering geodynamics. It describes the application of photogrammetry to estimate quantitative parameters of the studied objects, the experience of using UAVs to study flood processes in the Tunka valley (Russia) and erosion structures in the Ulaanbaatar agglomeration (Mongolia). The first UAV‐acquired data on debris flow alluvial fans and elementary drainage basins of erosion structures are presented. The ranges of UAV flight heights were 100–150 m and 1–30 m for local and detailed aerial photography surveys, respectively. Local surveys covered relatively large objects – debris flow alluvial fans and drainage basins. Detailed aerial photography aimed to investigate the granulometric compositions of debris flow deposits and to construct transverse profiles of erosion structures. Processed aerial photos provided a basis for a schematic map showing the distribution of accumu‐ lated debris flow deposits. The granulometric compositions of coarse fractions in the debris flow deposits were de‐ termined. Based on the survey results, 3D models of the fragments of the erosion structures and their cross‐sections were constructed.

Introduction. In modern conditions, the population’s satisfaction with medical care, including the urban and rural population, is one of the main criteria for the quality and accessibility of medical care. The goal. Subjective assessment of the organization of medical care for children in the conditions of the children’s polyclinical department of a medical ambulatory. Materials and methods. The study was conducted by random sampling using an anonymous questionnaire of 312 parents of children receiving medical care on an outpatient basis in the children’s department of the New Devyatkino village clinic in the Vsevolozhsky district of the Leningrad Region. Results. Preventive examinations, treating acute diseases, and testing when being under observation were established to be the main reasons for contacting the pediatric ward of a polyclinic are. Most of the parents spent an average of 24.5 ± 0.07 minutes on the way to the medical organization. Most often, parents choose to make an appointment with a doctor through a call center, the Internet and through an electronic record. The majority of parents (73.6%) believe the schedule of work of doctors to be convenient. More than half of parents (53.6%) believe that in the children’s outpatient department there are no specialists of the profile they need. In the opinion of parents, the most difficult is to arrange a visit to an ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, and surgeon. In general, 65.3% of parents were satisfied with the organization of the children’s outpatient department, 28.9% were not completely satisfied, 2.3% were not completely satisfied. The main reasons for parents dissatisfaction are long queues at the registry (20.5 ± 0.08 minutes), to the pediatrician (average 22.7 ± 0.09 minutes) and highly specialized doctors (average 23.5 ± 0.09 minutes), difficulties in obtaining expert advice, and passing the examination. Conclusion There is a need to improve the availability and quality of medical care for children provided on an outpatient basis.

The article proposes the partial methodology for assessing the methodological training level of classes’ leaders during conducting the combat coordination of an artillery brigade, as part of a comprehensive methodology for assessing the effectiveness of combat coordination of an artillery brigade, which allows to take into account the influence of classes’ leaders on the quality of combat coordination activities. Using the proposed methodology allows training subjects to conduct a quantitative assessment of methodological training level of classes’ leaders, as well as to identify “weaknesses” in the organization and conduct of combat coordination activities by them. In this methodology, indicators which characterize the level of classes’ leaders, their experience in organizing and conducting their classes and the presence of advanced training courses in them are used.

The selection of a representative collection of samples is one of the main problems during the performance of the analysis of core material. Such collection should reflect physical and hydrodynamic processes in the layer in question as accurately as possible. In the case of complex carbonate reservoirs, it is particularly important to cover the maximum range of variation of permeability and porosity properties. It is important to analyze processes occurring in the matrix of rock, as well as in the cavernous and fractured constituent of a rock. The methodology is not sufficiently elaborated; therefore, at the moment of studying a reservoir of a particular field, the task is to develop a method to select a representative collection of samples to perform core analysis. So, using the information obtained on the waterflood displacement efficiency, it is possible to make a sufficiently reliable estimation of reserves and obtain a more accurate oil recovery factor. Taking the Tedinskoye field as an example, the recommendations have been developed on how to select a representative collection of samples to conduct core analysis, and the need to use a full-diameter core to determine water flood displacement efficiencies has been established. To evaluate the representativity of a selected collection of samples, a statistical analysis was performed; the hypothesis (statistical criteria) statistical check method was applied based on Student's distribution. It has been found that the selection of a representative collection of samples for analysis should be made for all types of reservoirs representing a section in question, thus covering a full range of permeability and porosity properties. A collection of samples should include whole core samples, as well as standard size samples, as they help to define the processes occurring in different parts of a formation.

The article proposes the partial methodology for assessing the methodological training level of classes’ leaders during conducting the combat coordination of an artillery brigade, as part of a comprehensive methodology for assessing the effectiveness of combat coordination of an artillery brigade, which allows to take into account the influence of classes’ leaders on the quality of combat coordination activities. Using the proposed methodology allows training subjects to conduct a quantitative assessment of methodological training level of classes’ leaders, as well as to identify “weaknesses” in the organization and conduct of combat coordination activities by them. In this methodology, indicators which characterize the level of classes’ leaders, their experience in organizing and conducting their classes and the presence of advanced training courses in them are used.

The literature on the green behaviors adopted by individuals in workplace settings has grown significantly over the past decade. Many studies have examined the factors associated with individual actions. However, the comparability of the studies conducted on the subject is a common concern, mainly because of the wide range of measurement tools based on different sets of items used in such research. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the degree of methodological maturity of green workplace behaviors based on a systematic review of research published on the subject between 1977 and 2016. Five major trends were identified from the 53 papers reviewed as part of this research: (a) the predominance of scales for measuring “green office” behaviors, (b) the redundancy of certain items, (c) the limited efforts devoted to measuring counterproductive green behaviors, (d) the emergence of new subcategories of proenvironmental behaviors, and (e) and the abundance of scales measuring voluntary green behaviors (extra-role). Through an analysis of existing measurement tools, this article proposes a decision tree designed to help scholars choose appropriate items for their studies. This may, in turn, contribute to the literature on green workplace behaviors by reducing bias and limiting the unnecessary creation of new measurement scales.

The complex of metrological equipment for metrological researches of measuring equipment is presented. Purpose — measurement of energy illumination in the spectral range of (0,6—25) μm. The complex has an extended range of measurement of energy illumination and minimal errors of their measurement.

The significance of involving young volunteers in various projects, notably students of colleges and universities, cannot be underestimated: such global events as Olympics or Soccer World Cup would...