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• A six-lumped kinetic model was proposed for residue oil slurry phase hydrocracking. • VR converted to naphtha and diesel is dominant based on the kinetic rate constants. • The gas product primarily originates from naphtha. • Sensitivity analysis confirms predicted values consistent with experimental values. To gain a profound understanding of the reaction pathway and the controlling step of residue oil slurry-phase hydrocracking over Fe 2 O 3 catalyst, a six-lumped kinetic model was proposed and employed to acquire the kinetic rate constants based on each fraction yield obtained at 400 to 420 °C under initial H 2 pressures of 8 to 10 MPa for 1 to 3 h. The optimal kinetic rate constant for each step of vacuum residue (VR) conversion process was determined via Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the sum of squares error (SSE). The results reveal that VR converted into naphtha and diesel is dominant according to their kinetic rate constants, followed by the conversion of vacuum gas oil (VGO) to diesel, diesel to naphtha, and diesel to gas. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis confirms a strong agreement between the predicted and experimental values. The combination of kinetic rate constants and activation energy illustrates that the gas product primarily originates from naphtha. Additionally, the higher H 2 pressure effectively mitigates coke deposition by restricting the aggregation of polycyclic aromatics, as evidenced by the increase in the reaction activation energy for the conversion of VR to coke and the analysis of the used catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dehydrogenation steps of dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole over Pt/Al 2 O 3 are quite sensitive to the Pt particle size. Large Pt particle can greatly enhance the reaction rates in octahydro- N -ethylcarbazole → tetrahydro- N -ethylcarbazole and tetrahydro- N -ethylcarbazole → N -ethylcarbazole steps. The high performance of large Pt particle in dehydrogenation can be ascribed to its highly exposed (1 1 1) crystal face. The optimized catalyst Pt 5.0 /γ-Al 2 O 3 with Pt average size of 4.63 nm demonstrated exceptional performance in dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole dehydrogenation at 180 ℃ and 101 kPa, and the dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole conversion of 100%, N -ethylcarbazole selectivity of 96.44% and dehydrogenation efficiency of 98.73% can be achieved. [Display omitted] • Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts for dehydrogenation of dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole were developed. • The relationship between dehydrogenation performance and Pt structure was revealed. • Dehydrogenation of dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole are sensitive to the Pt particle size. • The Pt 5.0 /γ-Al 2 O 3 with Pt average size of 4.63 nm exhibits best performance. The use of dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole in hydrogen storage for liquid organic hydrogen carrier systems holds potential for achieving large-scale application. In order to investigate the relationship between dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole dehydrogenation performance and Pt particles size, a series of monometallic Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts with different Pt particles size from 0.70 nm to 5.12 nm were controlled synthesized by a simple impregnation method. The obtained catalysts are systematically characterized via XRD, 27Al MAS NMR, SEM-EDS, TEM, N 2 -adsorption, CO-IR, H 2 -TPR and NH 3 -TPD analyses, which provide essential micro-structure of these catalysts. The dehydrogenation of dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole over Pt/Al 2 O 3 is a typical consecutive reaction, which follows a reaction sequence of dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole → octahydro- N -ethylcarbazole → tetrahydro- N -ethylcarbazole → N -ethylcarbazole. These dehydrogenation steps are quite sensitive to the Pt particle size. Large Pt particle can greatly enhance the reaction rates in octahydro- N -ethylcarbazole → tetrahydro- N -ethylcarbazole and tetrahydro- N -ethylcarbazole → N -ethylcarbazole steps. However, these two steps are difficult to take place in small Pt particles. The high performance of large Pt particle in dehydrogenation can be ascribed to its highly exposed (1 1 1) crystal face. The optimized catalyst Pt 5.0 /γ-Al 2 O 3 with Pt average size of 4.63 nm demonstrated exceptional performance in dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole dehydrogenation at 180 °C and 101 kPa, and the dodecahydro- N -ethylcarbazole conversion of 100 %, N -ethylcarbazole selectivity of 96.44 % and dehydrogenation efficiency of 98.73 % can be achieved. These results provide valuable insights for the development of efficient metal-based catalysts for liquid organic hydrogen carriers hydrogen storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus fiber, a by-product of citrus processing that has significant nutritional and bioactive properties, has gained attention as a promising raw material with extensive developmental potential in the food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. However, the lack of in-depth understanding regarding citrus fiber, including its structure, modification, mechanism of action, and potential applications is holding back its development and utilization in functional foods and drugs. This review explores the status of extraction methods and modifications applied to citrus fiber to augment its health benefits. With the aim of introducing readers to the potential health benefits of citrus fibers, we have placed special emphasis on their regulatory mechanisms in the context of various conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and cancer. Furthermore, this review highlights the applications and prospects of citrus fiber, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the utilization and exploration of this valuable resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum-rich hierarchical MFI-type zeolites with high acidic-site density exhibit excellent activity and selectivity in bulky molecule-involved reactions. However, it is challenging to develop a facile and environmentally benign method for fabricating them. Herein, we employ a polymer that does not contain nitrogen and halogen elements to successfully synthesize aluminum-rich hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 8 and a significant number of mesopores comprised of oriented-assembled nanocrystals. It is demonstrated that the nitrogen- and halogen-free polymer is instrumental in the formation of the ZSM-5 zeolite by serving as a template for constructing the hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure. Moreover, this polymer also acts as a crystal growth modifier to form a single-crystalline zeolite. Notably, the resultant zeolite shows a better catalytic performance in converting waste plastic into hydrocarbons than a commercial one. Our work enables the synthesis of high-quality hierarchical zeolites without requiring quaternary ammonium templates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pt nanoparticles wrapped in multi-hollow silicalite-1 (Pt@MH-S-1) are prepared. • Pt@MH-S-1 owns large external surface area and abundant mesoporous channels. • Pt@MH-S-1 has high reactive oxygen content and good toluene adsorption capacity. • Pt@MH-S-1 exhibits high catalytic efficiency for toluene and acetone oxidation. • The possible degradation pathway of toluene and acetone oxidation is proposed. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) embedded in the multi-hollow silicalite-1 zeolite (Pt@MH-S-1) were prepared by the sequential alkali etching and recrystallization of parent microporous silicalite-1 zeolite. Then, toluene and acetone were employed as probe molecules to determine the catalytic behavior of Pt@MH-S-1 for the elimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results reveal that Pt@MH-S-1 with multi-hollow structure owns large external specific surface area for dispersing the Pt NPs, and abundant mesoporous channels for improving the accessibility of toluene to Pt NPs as well as high reactive oxygen content, excellent toluene adsorption capacity and moderate adsorption strength. Owing to these characteristics, Pt@MH-S-1 exhibits superior performance both in toluene and acetone catalytic oxidations as reflected by 100% conversion acquired at even a low temperature of 137 and 180 °C, respectively. Moreover, Pt@MH-S-1 also shows good stability toward the various conditions, signifying its superiority and potential in practical application for VOCs treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • LaCe-SSZ-13 zeolites were rapidly synthesized from spent FCC catalyst. • La and Ce modification improved SCR activity and hydrothermal stability of Cu-SSZ-13. • La8MR-Ce8MR-SSZ-13 promoted the formation of active [ZCuOH]+ on the 8MRs. • La and Ce modification changed the NH 3 and H 2 O adsorption capacity of Cu-SSZ-13. Designing a cost-effective and fast fabrication Cu-SSZ-13 with improved selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia (NH 3 -SCR) performance remains an open question. Here we report that LaCe-SSZ-13 zeolites were synthesized from spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst within 12 h. After ion-exchanging with CuSO 4 solution, the obtained LaCeCu-SSZ-13 catalysts exhibit significantly higher catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability than conventional Cu-SSZ-13. Various characterizations reveal that La and Ce modification not only facilitates the disperse of isolated Cu2+ species, but also effectively mitigates dealumination and inhibits copper species aggregation after hydrothermal aging. In-situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectrum analyses demonstrate that La and Ce modification can accelerate the adsorption capacity for NH 3 and NO x and promote the decomposition of NH 4 NO 3 intermediate species on the catalyst, benefiting the improvement of low-temperature activity. The combination of experiments and theoretical calculations further demonstrate that the most stable positions of La and Ce are on different eight-membered rings in SSZ-13, and then Cu2+ ions tend to enter eight-membered rings to enhance the NH 3 adsorption capacity and decrease the H 2 O adsorption capacity, which results in higher low-temperature activity and hydrothermal stability than Cu-SSZ-13. Our work provides a feasible strategy for preparing the efficient rare-earth-modified Cu-zeolite based NH 3 -SCR catalyst for nitrogen oxide abatement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

n -Butane conversion was used as a probe reaction to investigate the influence of acidity and topology of zeolites on the reaction properties at low temperatures. The results show that the number of catalytic Brønsted acid sites determines the reaction rates. The bimolecular pathway of n -butane reaction requires two adjacent acid sites, while the monomolecular reaction occurs on the isolated Brønsted sites. The contribution of bimolecular reaction primarily affected by the number of catalytic Brønsted sites and secondly influenced by the zeolite topology. The zeolites with larger cavity provide enough space for the formation and the transformation of bulky C 8 intermediates in bimolecular pathway and give rise to the higher contribution of bimolecular pathway. The distribution of bimolecular products strongly depends on the maximum free sphere diameter of zeolites, while has no direct relationship with the volume of the zeolite cavities. This can be explained by a molecular sieve effect of zeolite channels on the diffusion rates of propane, isobutane, and pentane from cavities to external surface of zeolites. This improved understanding of the molecular sieve effect allows one to design and select appropriate zeolites for a special reaction. Image 1 • Bimolecular reaction of n -butane requires two adjacent catalytic Brønsted acid sites. • Size of zeolite cavity affects contribution of monomolecular and bimolecular reaction. • Size of pore channels determines the products distribution of n -alkane conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qinlian Hongqu decoction (QLHQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. It has previously been found to mitigate hyperlipidemia, although its mechanism requires further clarification. This study explored QLHQD's mechanism in treating hyperlipidemia based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. The components of QLHQD were analyzed by means of ultrahigh performanceliquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrapmass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) and the targets of hyperlipidemia were predicted using the Swiss ADME, GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, TTD, and PharmGKB databases. A drug-component-target-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape v3.7.1. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed using the Bioinformatics platform. Based on the KEGG results, the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease signaling pathways were selected for experimental validation in an animal model. We identified 34 components of QLHQD, 94 targets of hyperlipidemia, and 18 lipid metabolism-related pathways from the KEGG analysis. The results of the animal experiment revealed that QLHQD alleviated lipid metabolism disorders, obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation in rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diets. Additionally, it reduced the expression of IRE1-α, TRAF2, IKKB-β, and NF-κB proteins in the liver of hyperlipidemic rats. QLHQD is able to significantly mitigate hyperlipidemia induced via high-fat diets in rats. The mechanism of action in this regard might involve regulating the IRE1-α/IKKB-β/NF-κB signaling pathway in the liver, thereby attenuating inflammatory responses and insulin resistance. [Display omitted] • QLHQD mitigates lipid metabolism disorder in a hyperlipidemia rat model. • QLHQD attenuates inflammatory responses and insulin resistance in the liver. • QLHQD mainly ameliorates hyperlipidemia via the IRE1-α/IKKB-β/NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various Ni supported on active carbon (Ni/AC) catalysts were acquired by reduced at different temperatures, among which Ni/AC-500 possesses the smallest particle sizes of metallic Ni species, favoring to more active sites exposed on the catalyst surface, and the suitable content of metallic Ni0, implying the high hydrogenolysis activity obtained. Additionally, the highest mesoporous volume of Ni/AC-500 promotes the diffusion of large molecules from lignin depolymerization. Therefore, Ni/AC-500 exhibits the higher lignin conversion and yields of liquid bio-oil and monomers, but the lower yield of bio-char in lignin hydrodepolymerization due to its higher hydrogenolysis activity compared with other catalysts. [Display omitted] • The various Ni/AC catalysts were acquired via the reduction at the different temperatures. • The smaller particle sizes of metal phase were obtained on Ni/AC-500 catalyst. • The content of Ni0 species enhanced with an elevation of the reduction temperature. • Ni/AC-500 catalyst exhibited the highest yields of bio-oil and monomers among all catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the effect of acupoint massage combined with predictive nursing based on image processing on fiberoptic bronchoscopy patients. In order to achieve this goal, this paper constructs an image recognition and processing system, which uses deep convolutional neural network to learn more robust advanced image features from original image data, so as to improve the performance and effect of digital image processing and computer vision. With this system, health care workers will be able to more efficiently judge medical images and identify appropriate treatments. In the experiment, patients in the control group took routine nursing measures, and patients in the experimental group used nano-antibacterial materials for acupoint massage, combined with predictive nursing methods. Research shows that, compared with conventional surgery, the nursing method in this paper pays more attention to the patient's own psychological state, which can help the patient cope with the treatment calmly, establish the correct bronchoscopy treatment concept, and teach the patient to correctly cooperate with the doctor during the operation to ensure the smooth operation process. This nursing method can improve the optimal therapeutic effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NaA was synthesized from submolten salt depolymerized kaolin (SMS-K). • The mesoscale reorganization of SMS-K into NaA zeolite is elucidated. • The reorganization follows the solid-phase transformation route. • SMS-K is in-situ converted rapidly into mesoscale intermediates (D4Rs and β cages). • The mesoscale intermediates are further self-assembled into NaA zeolite. Deep understanding of the formation mechanism is crucial to the rational design and controllable synthesis of zeolites with desired pore architecture and acidity. Herein, we take the synthesis of NaA zeolite from a submolten salt depolymerized kaolin (SMS-K) as an example to elucidate the formation mechanism of NaA zeolite. By using SMS-K as sole Si and Al sources, a highly pure and crystalline NaA zeolite with superior ion exchange ability was synthesized. By using various ex-situ and in-situ characterizations and studying the crystallization kinetics, a plausible formation mechanism of NaA zeolite via the mesoscale reorganization of SMS-K was proposed. The results indicate that the reorganization of SMS-K into NaA zeolite follows the solid-phase transformation route. Upon being mixed with H 2 O, SMS-K that is mainly composed of silicate monomers and chain/ring microstructures is in-situ transformed rapidly into mesoscale intermediates containing double four-membered rings and β cages, sufficient stirring during aging generates more mesoscale intermediates. During the subsequent crystallization process, the mesoscale intermediates are further self-assembled into NaA nanoparticles when theirs amount reaches a maximum, and finally the nanoparticles grow into well-shaped cubic NaA zeolite particles with smooth surfaces through layer spreading. Our work provides the theoretical foundation for the design and green synthesis of zeolites directly from the natural minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A modified kaolin (AMK) with tailored porosity and acidity was obtained. • A bifunctional HDS-olefin isomerization catalyst was prepared using AMK support. • Catalyst exhibits ultra-deep HDS and olefin reduction in hydro-upgrading FCC naphtha. • High performance is attributed to trimodal porosity and appropriate acidity of AMK. Aiming at developing a bifunctional selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) - olefin skeletal isomerization catalyst for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) naphtha hydro-upgrading, in this article we present an acid-assisted dealumination method, the acid-modified kaolin (AMK-850-27) with tailored porosity and acidity and CoMoS bi-functional catalysts CoMo/AMK-850-27 was obtained. The catalytic performance was assessed with model FCC naphtha that is composed of thiophene (300 mg/kg) and 1-hexene (20%) in heptane. Compared with two catalysts used γ-Al 2 O 3 and HZSM-5 as supports, CoMoS catalyst prepared with AMK-850-27 displayed compromise catalytic performance: balanced HDS activity and selectivity, high skeletal isomerization activity and low cracking activity, and excellent octane number preservation performance. This can be attributed to the following reasons: (i) AMK-850-27 possesses micro-meso-macro porosities and appropriate Brönsted acidity that can benefit skeletal isomerization activity but depress cracking activity; and (ii) The olefin isomers are more difficult to be hydrogenated than the corresponding linear terminal ones due to the steric effect of the branched olefins. This investigation provides a novel route to achieving deep desulfurization, appropriate olefin reduction and octane number preservation for FCC naphtha upgrading, acidic support with meso-macro-porosity can benefit olefin skeletal isomerization and the HDS selectivity but lower hydrocarbon cracking activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ASA with the different Al/Si ratio were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. • The Al/Si ratio affects the Al coordination state, pore structure, acidity and surface properties of ASA. • Mo/ASA-4 with the largest amount of Mo atoms located at edge sites can provide the most amount of exposure Mo active sites. • Mo/ASA-4 catalyst achieves the highest yield of value light oil and the lowest yield of gas and coke due to its excellent hydrogenation activity. To deeply illuminate the effect of ASA composition on its corresponding Mo catalyst properties and performance for the slurry-phase hydrocracking of vacuum residue, the amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) samples with the various ratios of Al to Si were successfully synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method, which have the different acid properties and pore structure, especially ASA-1 with lowest ratio of Al to Si owning the largest number of B acid sites and the highest volume of mesoporous. Additionally, the Mo catalyst supported on ASA-4 possesses the highest dispersion of MoS 2 slabs and largest amount of Mo atoms located at the edge sites among all the catalyst, possibly due to the appropriate surface properties of ASA-4 derived from the ratio of Al to Si, it demonstrates that the most exposure Mo active sites are present on Mo/ASA-4 catalyst. The hydrocracking evaluation results show that the VR conversion over the different catalysts are similar, it may be ascribed to the variation of acid properties and pore structure insufficient to change VR cracking pathway because of the low catalyst dosage. Furthermore, the Mo/ASA-4 catalyst exhibits the higher yield of naphtha and middle distillate and inversely the lower yield of gas and coke in comparison with other catalysts, it should be attributed that the higher hydrogenation activity derived from the more exposure Mo active sites can efficiently restrain the over-cracking of the intermediate product and aggregation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the hydrocracking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time weighted dynamic time warping (TWDTW) algorithm is an important algorithm for the time series analysis of remote sensing images. However, due to the limitation of computational complexity, it is difficult to apply this algorithm to large datasets. Therefore, combined with the characteristics of the TWDTW algorithm. This paper proposes a time weighted dynamic warping time parallel algorithm based on CUDA. First, a GPU many-core stream processor is used to process independent pixel data in parallel, and the cumulative cost matrix is established through a multithreading architecture to reduce the dependence between data. Then, the memory model is optimized to reduce memory access transactions in order to improve the memory access efficiency of the algorithm. Taking the Sentinel-2 remote sensing image as experimental data, the algorithm based on different time series lengths, data scales and thread organizations is experimentally verified, and the execution performance of the algorithm under different conditions is explored and analyzed. The experimental results show that this method can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm. • CPU-GPU is used to solve the problem of computing intensive remote sensing images. • The multithreading architecture of GPU is used to process independent pixels in parallel. • Using the multi-level cache characteristics of CUDA to improve the memory access efficiency of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the controllable adjustment on textural and acid properties of silicoaluminophosphates (SAPOs) is crucial for obtaining excellent-performance catalyst via acid-etching method. However, there are difficulties due to the lack of understanding of the mechanism of selective desilication for acid etching. In this paper, parent SAPO-34 were exposed to a series citric acid solutions aimed to investigate the influence of acid concentration on the physicochemical properties of the resulted SAPO-34 and elucidate the mechanism of selective desilication. The results showed that citric acid concentration plays a decisive role in efficiently manufacturing hierarchical pore structure and selectively extracting specific Si species. The diverse acid resistance of Si–O–Si and Si–O–Al bonds near or in different Si species (Si islands and isolated Si(4Al)) is responsible for the selective desilication of citric acid. The coupling effects of the differential distribution of Si species in parent SAPO-34 and the selective desilication influence the generation of the secondary pore and the strength and amount of acid sites of the resulted SAPO-34. Compared to the parent SAPO-34, the acid-treated SAPO-34 exhibited a longer lifetime and a higher selectivity for light olefins (ethylene and propylene) when used in methanol-to-olefins (MTO) reaction. [Display omitted] • Hierarchical SAPO-34 was obtained via post-synthesis citric acid etching • The mechanism of selective desilication of citric acid was proposed • The diverse acid resistance of Si–O–Al bond resulted in selective desilication • The selective desilication influences the formation of secondary pore of SAPO-34 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of nitrogen and sulfur (N/S) co-doped graphene supported catalysts (Mn-Ce-SnO x /NSG) were synthesized using an in situ method for enhancing selective catalytic reduction of NO x with NH 3 (NH 3 -SCR) performance. The changes in catalysts' structure, morphology, and active sites were systematically researched to explore the promoting effect of N/S co-doped on catalytic performance. The prepared Mn-Ce-SnO x /NSG-0.3 catalyst achieves an excellent SCR activity at a low temperature, which is comparable to previous graphene-based catalysts. The Ce3+/(Ce3+ + Ce4+), Mn4+/Mn3+, and O α /(O α + O β) ratios in the catalyst are improved by N/S co-doping, which closely related to excellent SCR activity. Meanwhile, the unpaired electrons on N/S functional groups are effective in promoting the adsorption and further oxidation of gaseous NO. The ability to adsorb NH 3 has also been promoted result of numerous Lewis acid sites over Mn-Ce-SnO x /NSG-0.3. In - situ DRIFTS and reaction kinetic results suggest that the Eley–Rideal mechanism should be the most significant pathway in the temperature range of ≥ 200 °C, where coordinated NH 3 has higher activity than ionic NH 4 +. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism is the main route of the low-temperature (L-T) (< 200 °C) SCR reaction. Particularly, the L-T SCR activity improves because the N/S functional groups act as an additional "oxynitride trap" (based on the L-H mechanism). [Display omitted] • Fabrication of N/S co-doped graphene-supported catalyst (Mn-Ce-SnO x /NSG) with cotton-like structure by in-situ reaction. • Mn-Ce-SnO x /NSG catalyst exhibits an excellent SCR activity at low temperature (100% at 220 °C). • The N/S functional groups act as additional NO adsorption sites to react with the adsorbed NH 3 during SCR reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon nanomaterials with delicate structures are synthesized via a facile method. • Morphologies and structures of carbon are controlled by tuning experimental conditions. • Bowl-like carbon particles exhibit highest adsorption capacity towards toluene. • The carbon-based adsorbents show excellent reusability for toluene removal. Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres have been considered as promising adsorbents for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal. However, the influence of the morphologies and structures on the adsorption performance of VOCs is still unclear. Herein, we developed a novel strategy for the controllable synthesis of nitrogen-doped mesoporous hollow carbon nanomaterials with adjustable morphologies and structures. By simply tuning tetraethyl orthosilicate addition time and ammonia amount in Stöber system, bowl-like, hollow, and yolk-shell carbon nanomaterials can be obtained. When used as toluene adsorbents, the bowl-like materials exhibited a capacity of 190 mg/g, higher than other carbon materials with different morphologies. The high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate of the bowl-like structures can be attributed to the high surface area, rich microporous/mesoporous structure and unique morphology. Our work provides a new strategy for the designed synthesis of novel VOCs adsorbents with advanced adsorption performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precisely tuning the location of Al atoms in zeolite framework that plays a critical role in determining the catalytic performance of zeolite based catalysts has attracted considerable attention. In this article, we present an organotemplate-free approach for the controllable synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite with a high content of Al pairs selectively located at the channel intersections, which is achieved by using a submolten salt (SMS) depolymerized rectorite as both the Al source and heteropical crystalline seeds. The quasi in-situ characterizations tracking the zeolite crystallization process reveal that the depolymerized rectorite with abundant oligomeric aluminosilicate species and Al–O-(Si–O) 1,2 -Al sequences plays dual roles in the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite. These oligomeric aluminosilicate species like 5- and 6-membered ring structures serve as the crystalline seeds to promote the zeolite nucleation; simultaneously, the Al–O-(Si–O) 1,2 -Al sequences are in-situ transformed into the final zeolite framework leading to the generation of numerous Al pairs selectively located at the channel intersections. Such an unusual Al distribution endows the synthesized ZSM-5 zeolite with excellent catalytic performance in methanol to aromatics (MTA) reaction. Our strategy provides a sustainable and efficient way to design and synthesize high-performance zeolites with special framework Al distributions for catalytic applications. Image 1 • ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared with template-free from the depolymerized rectorite. • The synthesized ZSM-5 owns a high content of Al pairs at channel intersections. • The depolymerized rectorite as heteropical seeds results the unique Al distribution. • The obtained ZSM-5 shows outstanding selectivity to aromatics in MTA reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controllable synthesis of hierarchical zeolites from natural aluminosilicate minerals is considered an efficient and eco-friendly approach for the production of high-performance zeolites, but its synthesis mechanism is still obscure. Herein, we take the synthesis of a single-crystalline hierarchical NaA zeolite using submolten salt depolymerized kaolin (SMS-K) as the sole source of silicon and aluminum via a mesoscale reorganization strategy as an example to elucidate the reorganization process. Comprehensive morphological and structural analyses reveal that sodium-rich voids in SMS-K facilitate concurrent assembly both within the interior and at the interface of the amorphous gel, leading to the formation of numerous nanoparticles with short-range order which assemble into single-crystal nanocube NaA zeolites with intracrystalline mesopores. By harnessing confinement effects, SMS-K modulates the growth of nanoparticle sizes and enhances the intimate interconnection of nanocubes, thereby yielding NaA zeolite aggregates that exhibit hierarchical porosity, encompassing micro-, meso-, and macropores. This study offers the potential for designing and precisely controlling the fabrication of hierarchical zeolites derived from natural minerals.

Transition metal disulfide compounds (TMDCs) emerges as the promising candidate for new-generation flexible (opto-)electronic device fabrication. However, the harsh growth condition of TMDCs results in the necessity of using hard dielectric substrates, and thus the additional transfer process is essential but still challenging. Here, an efficient strategy for preparation and easy separation-transfer of high-uniform and quality-enhanced MoS 2 via the precursor pre-annealing on the designed graphene inserting layer is demonstrated. Based on the novel strategy, it achieves the intact separation and transfer of a 2-inch MoS 2 array onto the flexible resin. It reveals that the graphene inserting layer not only enhances MoS 2 quality but also decreases interfacial adhesion for easy separation-transfer, which achieves a high yield of ≈99.83%. The theoretical calculations show that the chemical bonding formation at the growth interface has been eliminated by graphene. The separable graphene serves as a photocarrier transportation channel, making a largely enhanced responsivity up to 6.86 mA W -1 , and the photodetector array also qualifies for imaging featured with high contrast. The flexible device exhibits high bending stability, which preserves almost 100% of initial performance after 5000 cycles. The proposed novel TMDCs growth and separation-transfer strategy lightens their significance for advances in curved and wearable (opto-)electronic applications., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Since October 2023, a significant outbreak of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (MPP) has been observed in children in northern China. Chinese health authorities have attributed this epidemiological to immune debt resulting from the relaxation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control measures. This study described the epidemiological features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) prevalence in children and developed a straightforward prediction model to differentiate between MPP and viral pneumonia in children. The infection rate of MP in children notably increased from 8.12 in 2022 to 14.94% in 2023, peaking between October and November, especially among school-age children. Logistic regression screening identified four key indicators: Age, D-Dimer levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and gender. The developed nomogram exhibited a receiver operator characteristic curve-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.858, with external validation confirming an ROC-AUC of 0.794. This study examined the epidemiological characteristics of MPP prevalence in children in Shandong Province during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. An early predict model was developed and validated to differentiate between Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and viral infections., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The unique optical and electrical properties of graphene-based heterojunctions make them significant for artificial synaptic devices, promoting the advancement of biomimetic vision systems. However, mass production and integration of device arrays are necessary for visual imaging, which is still challenging due to the difficulty in direct growth of wafer-scale graphene patterns. Here, a novel strategy is proposed using photosensitive polymer as a solid carbon source for in situ growth of patterned graphene on diverse substrates. The growth mechanism during high-temperature annealing is elucidated, leading to wafer-scale graphene patterns with exceptional uniformity, ideal crystalline quality, and precise control over layer number by eliminating the release of volatile from oxygen-containing resin. The growth strategy enables the fabrication of two-inch optoelectronic artificial synaptic device array based on graphene/n-AlGaN heterojunction, which emulates key functionalities of biological synapses, including short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, and spike-rate-dependent plasticity. Moreover, the mimicry of visual learning in the human brain is attributed to the regulation of excitatory and inhibitory post-synapse currents, following a learning rule that prioritizes initial recognition before memory formation. The duration of long-term memory reaches 10 min. The in situ growth strategy for patterned graphene represents the novelty for fabricating fundamental hardware of an artificial neuromorphic system., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Developing pragmatic strategies for accessing functional benzofuran-2-ones from 3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)benzofuran remains an enduring challenge. Herein, we have achieved a highly discriminating electrochemical oxidative dearomative spiroannulation of 3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)benzofuran, culminating in the synthesis of 2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,9'-fluoren]-2-one derivatives. By harnessing the electrophilic intermediates of benzofuryl radical cations supported by DFT calculations, we attain exceptional regioselectivity while eliminating the need for stoichiometric oxidants. Mechanistic investigations reveal a sequence of events involving the benzofuran radical cation, encompassing the capture of H 2 O, nucleophilic arene attack, and subsequent deprotonation, ultimately yielding the final benzofuran-2-ones., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Selecting A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China, during the period of 2012-2021 as research subjects, this study examines the relationship and operational mechanisms between executive compensation and corporate ESG Ratings. It is found that executive compensation incentives can significantly enhance corporate ESG Ratings. This effect is achieved through promoting green innovation efficiency, enhancing environmental information disclosure, and improving financial performance. However, this positive impact weakens with an increase in management shareholding, but strengthens with a higher proportion of independent directors. When compensation exceeds appropriate levels, overcompensation leads to a decline in ESG Ratings. The significance of this study lies in revealing potential pathways for enhancing corporate sustainability through executive compensation incentives, while also emphasizing the importance of formulating appropriate compensation strategies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The CRISPR technology, which does not require complex instruments, expensive reagents or professional operators, has attracted a lot of attention. When utilizing the CRISPR-Cas system for detection, the pre-amplification step is often necessary to enhance sensitivity. However, this approach tends to introduce complexity and prolong the time required. To address this issue, we employed Pd@PCN-222 nanozyme to label single-stranded DNA, referred to as Pd@PCN-222 CRISPR nanozyme, which serves as the reporter of the CRISPR system. Pd@PCN-222 nanozyme possess exceptional catalytic activity for the reduction of H 2 O 2 . Compared with traditional electrochemical probe ferrocene and methylene blue without catalytic activity, there is a significant amplification of the electrochemical signal. So the need for pre-amplification was eliminated. In this study, we constructed a CRISPR-Cas system for ochratoxin A, utilizing the Pd@PCN-222 CRISPR nanozyme to amplified signal avoiding pre-amplification with outstanding detection of 1.21 pg/mL. Furthermore, we developed a microfluidic electrochemical chip for the on-site detection of ochratoxin A. This achievement holds significant promise in establishing a practical on-site detection platform for identifying food safety hazards., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of the manuscript entitled., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Dweck's social-cognitive model has long been used as a basis for achievement motivation research. However, few studies have examined the comprehensive model with interactions between perceived ability and achievement goals, and even fewer studies have focused on this model in a science academic context. With a sample of undergraduates ( n = 1,036), the relations among mindsets, science academic self-efficacy, achievement goals, and achievement-related outcomes in science were examined. Fixed mindset related to performance goals. Growth mindset related to mastery goals and the number of courses completed. There was a significant indirect effect of growth mindset on interest value via mastery goals. Contrary to Dweck's model, the relation of performance goals to outcomes did not vary as a function of science academic self-efficacy. The findings provide empirical evidence for a more nuanced understanding of Dweck's model. They provide practical insights for how to support undergraduate students who are pursuing science-related career.

Pectin is a complex and functionally rich natural plant polysaccharide that is widely used in food, medical, and cosmetic industries. It can be modified to improve its properties and expand its applications. Modification methods for natural pectin can be divided into physical, chemical, enzymatic, and compound methods. Different modification methods can result in modified pectins (MPs) exhibiting different physicochemical properties and biological activities. The objectives of this paper were to review the various pectin modification methods explored over the last decade, compare their differences, summarize the impact of different modification methods on the biological activity and physicochemical properties of pectin, and describe the applications of MPs in food and pharmaceutical fields. Finally, suggestions and perspectives for the development of MPs are discussed. This review offers a theoretical reference for the rational and efficient processing of pectin and the expansion of its applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In light of China's rapid advancement in the digital economy and the implementation of the "Healthy China" initiative, it is crucial to assess the impact of the digital economy on residents' health. This study analyzes data from the 2012, 2014, and 2016 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) to evaluate the health of residents using both subjective and objective criteria. Furthermore, it calculates the digital economy development index for Chinese cities and investigates its influence on the subjective and objective health of residents, along with the underlying mechanisms. The empirical results reveal a U-shaped pattern in the effect of the digital economy on health levels, initially detrimental but subsequently beneficial. The analysis of mechanisms shows that the digital economy's development initially increases and then decreases environmental pollution, impacting health through environmental changes. Additionally, the study finds variations in this impact based on age and urban-rural differences, with more pronounced effects on rural and older adult populations, who also experience the U-shaped curve's turning point more rapidly. These findings highlight the necessity of advancing digital economy infrastructure to positively influence environmental quality and improve public health. The study emphasizes the urgent need for policymakers to invest in digital infrastructure to foster a sustainable and healthy future. This requires a holistic approach to development, focusing on both urban and rural areas, to promote inclusive growth and reduce the digital divide., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhu, Wang, Sun and Yue.)

Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in Gynecology, whose treatment was seriously limited by the unclear understanding of molecular mechanism in disease development. LncRNA FGFR3-AS1 is involved in human cancers. In this study, we aimed to clarify its regulatory effect on ovarian cancer., Methods: Ovarian cell model was used in 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry for investigating the role of LncRNA FGFR3-AS1 in ovarian cancer. Western blot detection (CCND1, CDK6, MAPK9 and PIK3CA) tumor regulatory proteins. The study was conducted between March 2020 and October 2022 at General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau of Liaoning Health Industry Group, China., Results: The results demonstrated the upregulation of LncRNA FGFR3-AS1 in ovarian cancer, whose expression was positively related to tumor grade and AJCC stage, and negatively correlated with patients' prognosis. LncRNA FGFR3-AS1 promoted ovarian cancer development through promoting cell growth and inhibiting cell apoptosis. PI3K signaling pathway-related proteins may be implicated in the LncRNA FGFR3-AS1 induced regulation of ovarian cancer., Conclusion: LncRNA FGFR3-AS1 was involved in the development of ovarian cancer, which has the potential to become therapeutic target and prognostic indicator in ovarian cancer treatment., (Copyright© 2023 Zhang et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Flexible III-nitride-based optoelectronic devices are crucial for the next-generation foldable/wearable lighting sterilization and sensor working in the ultraviolet (UV) region. However, the strong bonding effect at the epitaxial interface of III-nitride and bare sapphire substrate makes it difficult for epilayer separation and flexible applications. Although the emerging van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) with graphene insertion layer offers a feasible route for weakening the interfacial adhesion, the intact centimeter-transferable III-nitride membrane still remains challenging. The spontaneous delamination occurs due to the too weak interfacial adhesion of pure vdW force, and on the contrary, the structural damage of graphene by high-temperature hydrogen etching during the III-nitride growth might also cause separation failure. Up to now, the efficient control of vdWE interfacial adhesion is still an on-going research hotspot. Herein, we demonstrate the interfacial adhesion control of III-nitride vdWE by utilizing graded high-temperature nitridation treatment of the graphene insertion layer, which generates defects and N doping in different levels. The corresponding epitaxial modes of pure-vdWE, quasi-vdWE, and mixed epitaxy are achieved according to the interfacial adhesion difference. It reveals that the quasi-vdWE enabled by small graphene defects and proper N doping triggers the low formation energy for AlN nucleation; meanwhile, the proper interfacial adhesion ensures the growth integrality and intact separation of III-nitride membrane in the centimeter scale. The UV resin-assisted bonding technique is proposed for the successful transfer of III-nitride onto a flexible substrate. The flexible photodetector is fabricated by using a graphene monolayer as the photocarrier transport channel, and it achieves a high device yield of 90%, retaining ∼60% of its initial performance after 250 bending cycles. This work offers the promising strategy for controlling vdWE interfacial adhesion, and the separable and transferable III-nitride membrane lays the foundation for advances of future UV foldable and wearable devices.

In this paper, guaiacyl dehydrogenated lignin polymer (G-DHP) was synthesized using coniferin as a substrate in the presence of β-glucosidase and laccase. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR) determination revealed that the structure of G-DHP was relatively similar to that of ginkgo milled wood lignin (MWL), with both containing β-O-4, β-5, β-1, β-β, and 5-5 substructures. G-DHP fractions with different molecular weights were obtained by classification with different polar solvents. The bioactivity assay indicated that the ether-soluble fraction (DC 2 ) showed the strongest inhibition of A549 lung cancer cells, with an IC 50 of 181.46 ± 28.01 μg/mL. The DC 2 fraction was further purified using medium-pressure liquid chromatography. Anti-cancer analysis revealed that the D 4 and D 5 compounds from DC 2 had better anti-tumor activity, with IC 50 values of 61.54 ± 17.10 μg/mL and 28.61 ± 8.52 μg/mL, respectively. Heating electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HESI-MS) results showed that both the D 4 and D 5 were β-5-linked dimers of coniferyl aldehyde, and the 13 C-NMR and 1 H-NMR analyses confirmed the structure of the D 5 . Together, these results indicate that the presence of an aldehyde group on the side chain of the phenylpropane unit of G-DHP enhances its anticancer activity.

A concise copper-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenative dearomatization of indole derivatives for the direct synthesis of spirocyclic indolenines containing fluorene and indeno[2,1- b ]indole groups has been established. The utility of this method has also been successfully accomplished by dual oxidative dehydrogenative dearomatization to deliver the desired spirocyclic indolenines containing fluorene groups. According to mechanistic analyses, the C-H cleavage of the phenyl ring was not implicated in the rate-limiting phase. This transformation underwent a single-electron-transfer oxidation by copper(II) catalyst to afford a radical-cation intermediate, yielding the final product by nucleophilic attack and dual deprotonation., Competing Interests: A patent has been filed on the reaction system under CN 114436943A. The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Objective: High expression of Holliday Junction-Recognizing Protein (HJURP) has been shown to be a marker of poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of HJURP in ovarian cancer (OC) progression., Procedures: Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was used to analyze the gene expression profile. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level and correlation of HJURP and centromere protein-A (CENP-A) in OC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation. The expression level of apoptosis-related proteins and cell cycle-related proteins were detected by western blotting. Cell cycle and mitochondrial content were determined by flow cytometry., Results: The results showed that HJURP was up-regulated in OC tissues and cell lines, while the cell proliferation was inhibited after transfecting by si-HJURP. Knockdown of HJURP promoted cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, low-expression of HJURP could down-regulate cell replication cycle-related proteins (Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclinD1 and Cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and make cell replication stay in the S phase. Moreover, further studies showed that HJURP was positively correlated with CENP-A in OC tissues. Finally, the rescue experiment further verified that HJURP targeted regulation of CENP-A in OC., Conclusions: The study indicated that HJURP plays a significant role in OC and could target CENP-A to regulate OC cell growth. These findings provide a clue to the diagnosis and treatment of OC., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Purpose: To develop a potential quadriceps' index of complication evaluation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is simple, convenient, and quantifiable., Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 59 patients with COPD and 56 healthy controls recruited by the Chengdu First People's Hospital. Grayscale ultrasound (US) of the rectus femoris was performed to measure thickness (RF thick ) and cross-sectional area (RF csa ). Shear wave elastography was used to determine the mean elasticity index (SWE mean ) of the rectus femoris (SWE RFmean ), vastus lateralis (SWE VLmean ) and vastus medialis (SWE VMmean ). Clinical features included dyspnea index score (modified British Medical Research Council (MMRC) score), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), the Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test (5STS) and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). We compared the differences between US parameters and SWEmean in healthy controls and COPD patients. We also described the correlation between US parameters, SWE mean and clinical features of patients with COPD., Results: The intra-observer repeatability for the performance of using SWE to measure quadriceps stiffness was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)>0.75, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the SWE mean of the quadriceps (p < 0.001), but no significant difference in terms of RF thic and RF csa (p > 0.05) between healthy controls and COPD patients. The SWE RFmean was positively correlated with the 6MWT (r = 0.959, p < 0.001), and negatively related to the mMRC (r=-0.825, p < 0.001), CAT (r=-0.993, p < 0.001) and 5STS (r=-0.936, p < 0.001). However, the RF thic , RF csa , SWE VLmean and SWE VMmean were not correlated with clinical features (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: As a supplement to US, SWE reflects changes of stiffness in the quadriceps of COPD patients, and can expanding the dimension of US for assessing the quadriceps. Furthermore, SWE mean was associated with clinical features, and represents a potential index with which to reflect the clinical features of COPD patients., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2022 Niu et al.)

SBA-15 has recently emerged as a potential material for the catalytic conversion of large molecules. Usually, SBA-15 has a low content of aluminum due to the conventional acidic synthesis medium. Although a few approaches have been adopted to prepare Al-SBA-15 with a high alumina content, it is still challenging to prepare well-ordered Al-SBA-15 with a high alumina content. Here, we demonstrate a facile synthesis process in neutral mediums for the grafting of Al into the framework of SBA-15. This approach relies mainly on the dissociation of Si-O-Si bonds and the polymerization of Si-O-Si/Al bonds promoted by sodium persulfate (SPS) in neutral mediums. In this way, well-ordered Al - SBA-15 with a high aluminum content and enhanced acidity was obtained. Results of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) showed an n (SiO 2 )/ n (Al 2 O 3 ) ratio of 13.7, much lower than that of the conventional sample (21.7) obtained in acidic medium. The characterization results indicated the presence of a well-ordered Al-containing mesophase with high hydrothermal stability. Notably, the Al content and the acidity of Al - SBA-15 can be tuned by changing the SPS amount.

Radiation is harmful to the human body, which is coupled with the fact that scanning conditions pose a number of restrictions. As a result, the projection data of a scanned object are generally acquired within a limited-angle range in practical computed tomography (CT) applications. Under this circumstance, classical image reconstruction methods cannot obtain high-quality images, and limited-angle artifacts appear in the reconstructed image. In recent years, the l 1 norm of a gradient image-based total variation minimization (TVL1) image reconstruction method has often been used to deal with the image reconstruction problem from undersampling projection data, but limited-angle artifacts have been encountered near the edges for limited-angle CT. The l 0 norm of a gradient image-based total variation minimization (TVL0) image reconstruction method can better preserve the edges, but it cannot obtain acceptable results when the scanning angle range is further reduced. Inspired by the advantages of guided image filtering (GIF), which can better smooth an image and preserve its structure, we used it to improve the reconstructed image quality for limited-angle CT by transferring reconstructed results of the TVL1 method to those of the TVL0 method. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method can better preserve structures and suppress limited-angle artifacts and noise than several related reconstruction methods., (© 2022. International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering.)

Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are delivered at room temperature by copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C-H/C-H [4 + 2] annulation of alkyl-substituted 3-arylindole derivatives. Specifically, dual aryl C-H functionalization is furnished under mild conditions through the 1,2-migration of copper catalyst and regioselective alkyne insertion. Mechanistic experiments demonstrate that the C-H bond cleavage on the indole and phenyl rings is not involved in the rate-limiting step.

Background: Modified Yunu-Jian (mYJ), a Chinese medicine (CM) formula, is thought to clear heat and nourish yin. Clinically, it is often used to treat oral inflammation. However, its efficacy remains controversial., Methods: The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mYJ for treating patients with periodontitis. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, VIP database, and CBM) from inception to December 2020. Only randomized controlled trials investigating modified Yunu-Jian, with or without other medications, against controlled intervention in the treatment of patients diagnosed with periodontitis were included. Both Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 15.0 software were used to analyze the data. The Cochrane Collaborations risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the methods., Results: Thirteen clinical trials, involving 1179 participants, were included in our investigation. The results showed that the combination of mYJ with western medicine improved the total effective rate compared with western medicine alone (RR = 1.17, 95% CI (1.12, 1.23), P  < 0.00001). The sensitivity analysis and Harbord's test ( P  = 0.255) both showed that the results were statistically robust. Moreover, the periodontal indexes (GI, SBI, PLI, and PD; P  < 0.00001) of patients with periodontitis were also significantly improved after receiving the combined therapy. No serious adverse reactions were observed in the experimental groups., Conclusions: Evidence from the meta-analysis suggested that mYJ appeared to be effective and relatively safe for treating periodontitis. Because of the low quality of the methods used in the included RCTs, further studies with larger sample sizes and well-designed models are required to confirm our findings., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Yuanyuan Yue et al.)

We report a base-promoted metal-free approach for the synthesis of thieno[2,3- b ]indole derivatives. This method combined four C-H σ-bond cleavage reactions of two different kinds of C-H bonds and two C-S σ-bond formation processes. A series of thieno[2,3- b ]indoles were obtained starting from 3-benzylindole derivatives with good yields and high regioselectivity, with the elemental sulfur serving as a cheap and readily available sulfur source. Good efficiency could be maintained even when the reaction was performed on a gram scale. A plausible mechanism was proposed on the basis of mechanistic studies.

Metallic 1T-phase transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are of considerable interest in enhancing catalytic applications due to their abundant active sites and good conductivity. However, the unstable nature of 1T-phase TMDs greatly impedes their practical applications. Herein, we developed a new approach for the synthesis of highly stable 1T-phase Au/Pd-MoS 2 nanosheets (NSs) through a metal assembly induced ultrastable phase transition for achieving a very high electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction. The phase transition was evoked by a novel mechanism of lattice-mismatch-induced strain based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to confirm the phase transition on experimental grounds. A novel heterostructured 1T MoS 2 -Au/Pd catalyst was designed and synthesized using this mechanism, and the catalyst exhibited a 0 mV onset potential in the hydrogen evolution reaction under light illumination. Therefore, this method can potentially be used to fabricate 1T-phase TMDs with remarkably enhanced activities for different applications.

The interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and aurantio-obtusin was investigated by spectroscopic techniques combined with molecular docking. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants (K SV ) decreased from 8.56 × 10 5  M -1 to 5.13 × 10 5  M -1 with a rise in temperatures from 289 to 310 K, indicating that aurantio-obtusin produced a static quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA. Time-resolved fluorescence studies proved again that the static quenching mechanism was involved in the interaction. The sign and magnitude of the enthalpy change as well as the entropy change suggested involvement of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction in aurantio-obtusin-HSA complex formation. Aurantio-obtusin binding to HSA produced significant alterations in secondary structures of HSA, as revealed from the time-resolved fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectral results. Molecular docking study and site marker competitive experiment confirmed aurantio-obtusin bound to HSA at site I (subdomain IIA)., (Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

FSHR is an appealing target for cancer theranostics. Radiolabeled FSH1 and its derivatives have shown potential to in vivo detect FSHR expression. However, moderate labeling yields (~50% nondecay-corrected) may partially limit their wide use. 68 Ga is an excellent PET nuclide due to availability, nearly quantitative reaction, and short physical half-life. In this study, 68 Ga labeled FSH1 peptide was developed for imaging of FSHR in cancers. In vitro studies and MicroPET imaging were performed in PC-3 prostate tumor model. [ 68 Ga] Ga-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 can be produced within 20 min with 93.2 ± 2.1% yield and the radiochemical purity was greater than 95%. It showed that [ 68 Ga] Ga-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 possessed FSHR binding affinities. The tracer was stable in PBS and human serum for at least 2 hours. MicroPET imaging revealed that the PC-3 xenografts were clearly visualized and the tumor uptakes were 1.87 ± 0.10, 1.26 ± 0.06, and 0.71 ± 0.10% ID/g at 0.5, 1 h, and 2 h postinjection. The corresponding tumor to blood and tumor to muscle ratios were 1.77 ± 0.70, 7.94 ± 1.35, and 10.37 ± 1.16 and 7.42 ± 0.46, 26.13 ± 2.99, and 36.40 ± 2.54, respectively. FSHR binding specificity was also demonstrated by reduced tumor uptake of [ 68 Ga] Ga-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 after coinjecting excess unlabeled FSH1 peptide. The favorable characters of [ 68 Ga] Ga-NOTA-MAL-FSH1 such as convenient synthesis and specific tumor uptake warrant its further investigation for FSHR expression imaging.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of self-assembling peptide GFS-4 on three-dimen-sional myocardial cell culture and tissue repair of myocardial infarction. The circular dichroism (CD) spectrum was used to detect secondary structure of GFS-4, and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to analyze the microstructure of self-assembly. The nanofiber scaffolds self-assembled by GFS-4 were used as the three-dimensional culture material to observe the growth effect of cardiomyocytes. The model of myocardial infarction was established and the effect of GFS-4 on myocardial infarction was studied. The results indicated that self-assembling peptide GFS-4 could form mainly β-sheet structure that can form dense nanofiber scaffolds after 24 hours' self-assembling. The myocardial cells had a favorable growth status in GFS-4 nanofiber scaffold hydrogel when cells treated in three-dimen-sional cell culture. The experiment of repairing myocardial infarction in vitro proved that peptide GFS-4 hydrogel scaffold could alleviate tissue necrosis in a myocardial infarction area. As a new nanofiber scaffold material, self-assembling peptide GFS-4 can be used for three-dimensional cell culture and tissue repairing in myocardial infarction area.

Objective To investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the proliferation and differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Methods The hPDLSCs were isolated by the limited dilution method. Surface markers of hPDLSCs were detected by flow cytometry. Cell clones were tested by crystal violet staining. The hPDLSCs were induced into osteoblasts and adipogenic by osteogenic and adipogenic medium. The influence of different concentrations of IGF-1 (1, 10, 30, 50, 100 ng/mL) on hPDLSCs was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The expressions of collagen I α1 (Col1α1), collagen III α1 (Col3α1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) and scleraxis (SCXA) were compared by means of real-time PCR. Col1, Col3, SCXA, Runx2 and CEMP1 protein expressions were determined by Western blotting. Results The hPDLSCs obtained by the limited dilution were positive for CD105 (95.4%), CD90 (96.1%) and negative for CD34 (1.58%), CD45 (1.74%). Single colonies were observed after cells were plated at low density by crystal violet staining. Alizarinred-positive mineral deposits and oil red O-positive cells indicated that the cultured cells had osteogenic and adipogenic potential. Proliferative potential of hPDLSCs was enhanced by IGF-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time PCR showed that IGF-1 enhanced the expressions of Col1α1, Col3α1 and SCXA, while no significant change was found in the expressions of Runx2, BSP, OPN and CEMP1. Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of Col1, Col3 and SCXA increased significantly. Conclusion IGF-1 promotes proliferation and collagen synthesis of hPDLSCs, which further accelerates the differentiation into periodontal ligament fibroblast cells.

The synthesis of chromeno[2,3-b]indole from simple starting materials remains a demanding process. Herein, 2-bromoindole undergoes nucleophilic attack from salicylaldehyde, followed by intramolecular insertion of an aldehyde group and aromatization to generate the desired chromeno[2,3-b]indoles. Moreover, various functional groups were tolerated and a gram-scale synthesis of the product could be achieved under the optimized condition., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

This study was a detailed characterization of the interaction of a series of imidazole derivatives with a model transport protein, human serum albumin (HSA). Fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence results showed the existence of a static quenching mode for the HSA-imidazole derivative interaction. The binding constant at 296 K was in the order of 10(4) M(-1), showing high affinity between the imidazole derivatives and HSA. A site marker competition study combined with molecular docking revealed that the imidazole derivatives bound to subdomain IIA of HSA (Sudlow's site I). Furthermore, the results of synchronous, 3D, Fourier transform infrared, circular dichroism and UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated that the secondary structure of HSA was altered in the presence of the imidazole derivatives. The specific binding distance, r, between the donor and acceptor was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer., (Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)