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A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is crucial for lithium metal anode (LMA) to survive in long‐term cycling. However, chaotic structures and chemical inhomogeneity of natural SEI make LMA suffering from exasperating dendrite growth and severe electrode pulverization, which hinder the practical application of LMAs. Here, we design a catalyst‐derived artificial SEI layer with an ordered polyamide‐lithium hydroxide (PA‐LiOH) bi‐phase structure to modulate ion transport and enable dendrite‐free Li deposition. The PA‐LiOH layer can substantially suppress the volume changes of LMA during Li plating/stripping cycles, as well as alleviate the parasitic reactions between LMA and electrolyte. The optimized LMAs demonstrate excellent stability in Li plating/stripping cycles for over 1000 hours at an ultra‐high current density of 20 mA cm−2 in Li||Li symmetric cells. A high coulombic efficiency up to 99.2 % in Li half cells in additive‐free electrolytes is achieved even after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is crucial for lithium metal anode (LMA) to survive in long‐term cycling. However, chaotic structures and chemical inhomogeneity of natural SEI make LMA suffering from exasperating dendrite growth and severe electrode pulverization, which hinder the practical application of LMAs. Here, we design a catalyst‐derived artificial SEI layer with an ordered polyamide‐lithium hydroxide (PA‐LiOH) bi‐phase structure to modulate ion transport and enable dendrite‐free Li deposition. The PA‐LiOH layer can substantially suppress the volume changes of LMA during Li plating/stripping cycles, as well as alleviate the parasitic reactions between LMA and electrolyte. The optimized LMAs demonstrate excellent stability in Li plating/stripping cycles for over 1000 hours at an ultra‐high current density of 20 mA cm−2 in Li||Li symmetric cells. A high coulombic efficiency up to 99.2 % in Li half cells in additive‐free electrolytes is achieved even after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion batteries hold great promise as next-generation energy storage systems. However, the high instability of the electrode/electrolyte interphase during cycling has seriously hindered the development of SIBs. In particular, an unstable cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) leads to successive electrolyte side reactions, transition metal leaching and rapid capacity decay, which tends to be exacerbated under high-voltage conditions. Therefore, constructing dense and stable CEIs are crucial for high-performance SIBs. This work reports localized high-concentration electrolyte by incorporating a highly oxidation-resistant sulfolane solvent with non-solvent diluent 1H, 1H, 5H-octafluoropentyl-1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, which exhibited excellent oxidative stability and was able to form thin, dense and homogeneous CEI. The excellent CEI enabled the O3-type layered oxide cathode NaNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Fe 1/3 O 2 (NaNMF) to achieve stable cycling, with a capacity retention of 79.48% after 300 cycles at 1 C and 81.15% after 400 cycles at 2 C with a high charging voltage of 4.2 V. In addition, its nonflammable nature enhances the safety of SIBs. This work provides a viable pathway for the application of sulfolane-based electrolytes on SIBs and the design of next-generation high-voltage electrolytes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is crucial for lithium metal anode (LMA) to survive in long-term cycling. However, chaotic structures and chemical inhomogeneity of natural SEI make LMA suffering from exasperating dendrite growth and severe electrode pulverization, which hinder the practical application of LMAs. Here, we design a catalyst-derived artificial SEI layer with an ordered polyamide-lithium hydroxide (PA-LiOH) bi-phase structure to modulate ion transport and enable dendrite-free Li deposition. The PA-LiOH layer can substantially suppress the volume changes of LMA during Li plating/stripping cycles, as well as alleviate the parasitic reactions between LMA and electrolyte. The optimized LMAs demonstrate excellent stability in Li plating/stripping cycles for over 1000 hours at an ultra-high current density of 20 mA cm -2 in Li||Li symmetric cells. A high coulombic efficiency up to 99.2 % in Li half cells in additive-free electrolytes is achieved even after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 mA cm -2 with a capacity of 1 mAh cm -2 ., (© 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Aprotic lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) are promising energy storage systems characterized by ultrahigh theoretical energy density. Extensive research has been devoted to this battery technology, yet the detailed operational mechanisms involved, particularly unambiguous identification of various discharge products and their specific distributions, are still unknown or are subjects of controversy. This is partly because of the intrinsic complexity of the battery chemistry but also because of the lack of atomic-level insight into the oxygen electrodes acquired via reliable techniques. In the current study, it is demonstrated that electron beam irradiation could induce crystallization of amorphous discharge products. Cryogenic conditions and a low beam dosage have to be used for reliable transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization. High-resolution cryo-TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis of toroidal discharge particles unambiguously identified the discharge products as a dominating amorphous LiO 2 phase with only a small amount of nanocrystalline Li 2 O 2 islands dispersed in it. In addition, uniform mixing of carbon-containing byproducts is identified in the discharge particles with cryo-EELS, which leads to a slightly higher charging potential. The discharge products can be reversibly cycled, with no visible residue after full recharge. We believe that the amorphous superoxide dominating discharge particles can lead researchers to reconsider the chemistry of LOBs and pay special attention to exclude beam-induced artifacts in traditional TEM characterizations.

Dissolution of intermediate sodium polysulfides (Na 2 S x ; 4≤ x ≤8) is a crucial obstacle for the development of room-temperature sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries. One promising strategy to avoid this issue is to load short-chain sulfur (S 2-4 ), which could prohibit the generation of soluble polysulfides during the sodiation process. Herein, unlike in the previous reported cases where short-chain sulfur was stored by confinement within a small-pore-size (≤0.5 nm) carbon host, we report a new strategy to generate short-chain sulfur in larger pores (>0.5 nm) by the synergistic catalytic effect of CoS 2 and appropriate pore size. Based on density functional theory calculations, we predict that CoS 2 can serve as a catalyst to weaken the S-S bond in the S 8 ring structure, facilitating the formation of short-chain sulfur molecules. By experimentally tuning the pore size of the CoS 2 -based hosts and comparing their performances as cathodes in Na-S and Li-S batteries, we conclude that such a catalytic effect depends on the proximity of sulfur to CoS 2 . This avoids the generation of soluble polysulfides and results in superior electrochemical properties of the composite materials introduced here for Na-S batteries. As a result, the optimized CoS 2 /N-doped carbon/S electrode showed excellent electrochemical performance with high reversible specific capacities of 488 mA h g -1 (962 mA h g (s) -1 ) after 100 cycles (0.1 A g -1 ) and 403 mA h g -1 after 1000 cycles (1 A g -1 ) with a superior rate performance (262 mA h g -1 at 5.0 A g -1 ).

We introduce a hierarchical nanostructure of CoS 2 /N-doped carbon@MoS 2 comprising two transition-metal sulfides CoS 2 and MoS 2 , with enhanced sodium storage performance in sodium-ion batteries. A micron-sized Co metal-organic framework (MOF) is transformed into a CoS 2 /N-doped carbon composite, followed by a solvothermal growth of MoS 2 nanosheets on the surface. The resulting composite material offers several specific advantages for sodium storage: (i) accelerated sodium-ion diffusion kinetics due to its heterogeneous interface; (ii) shortened ion diffusion path and exposed active sites for sodium storage due to its hierarchical nanosheet architecture; and (iii) homogeneous nitrogen doping of the MOF-derived carbon, which is beneficial for electronic conductivity. Due to these merits, this composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacity of 596 mAh g -1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g -1 and 395 mAh g -1 at 5.0 A g -1 .

Transition metal sulfides are attractive electrode materials for both lithium-ion (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Starting from micron-sized Co(IPC)·H 2 O (IPC: 4-(imidazole-1-yl) phthalic acid) and polydopamine as the metal-organic framework (MOF) precursor and carbon source, respectively, we produced a CoS 2 /C/C composite constituting CoS 2 nanoparticles decorated with N-doped carbon layers and subjected to sulfurization. N-doped carbon layers provided a robust network for the CoS 2 nanoparticles, enhancing the structural integrity and electronic conductivity of the resulting CoS 2 /C/C composite, which exhibited electrochemical performance superior to most existing CoS 2 composites, and was one of the best among all MOF derived CoS 2 anodes for LIBs and SIBs. The use of nanosized CoS 2 particles reduced the diffusion length for the transfer of Li + /Na + ions, resulting in a high specific capacity at a higher current rate. N-doped carbon layers derived from the MOF precursor and polydopamine provided an electrically conductive network between the CoS 2 nanoparticles, thus preventing their aggregation and inhibiting adverse side reactions between the electrolyte and the surface of the electrode, and the high pseudocapacitive contribution resulted in the enhanced rate performance of the CoS 2 /C/C electrodes.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the total length of the stents and the postoperative life quality of patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Using the short-form health survey (SF-36) items, we analyzed the data on the postoperative life quality of 166 patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention in the Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from September 2011 to September 2013. Follow-up was performed 6 months later. All of the dimensionalities, except general health and mental health, showed significantly higher scores after PCI. No significant relationships were observed between the total length of the stents and the postoperative life quality of patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent PCI. PCI can effectively improve the postoperative life quality of patients; however, there was no significant relationship between the total length of the stents and postoperative life quality of patients.

Background: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk using a meta-analysis., Methods: All eligible studies were identified through a search of PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals, and China Biology Medical literature database (CBM) before June 2014. The association between the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and CAD risk was estimated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)., Results: A total of 72 studies including 23557 cases and 21526 controls were eventually collected. The PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was significant associated with CAD risk in overall population (OR=1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.28, P < 0.00001). The combination of adjusted ORs for CAD was 1.20 (95% CI 1.03-1.40, P=0.02). This polymorphism was associated with CAD risk in Caucasians (OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19, P=0.01) and Asians (OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.21-1.75, P < 0.0001). This polymorphism significantly increased MI risk (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25, P=0.001). In the subgroup analysis by age, this polymorphism was significantly associated with early-onset CAD risk (OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.43, P=0.03). In the gender subgroup analyses, a statistically significant association was found in male CAD patients (OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20, P=0.04). Both T2DM patients and non-T2DM patients carrying 4G allele showed increased CAD risks (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.27-3.92, P=0.005 and OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.19-2.25, P=0.002, respectively)., Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was a risk factor for CAD.

Objective: To apply data mining methods to research on the state of sub-mental health among residents in eight provinces and cities in China and to mine latent knowledge about many conditions through data mining and analysis of data on 3970 sub-mentally healthy individuals selected from 13385 relevant questionnaires., Methods: The strategic tree algorithm was used to identify the main manifestations of the state of sub-mental health. The back propogation artificial neural network was used to analyze the main manifestations of sub-healthy mental states of three different degrees. A sub-mental health evaluation model was then established to achieve predictive evaluation results., Results: Using classifications from the Scale of Chinese Sub-healthy State, the main manifestations of sub-mental health selected using the strategic tree were F1101 (Do you lack peace of mind?), F1102 (Are you easily nervous when something comes up?), and F1002 (Do you often sigh?). The relative intensity of manifestations of sub-mental health was highest for F1101, followed by F1102, and then F1002. Through study of the neural network, better differentiation could be made between moderate and severe and between mild and severe states of sub-mental health. The differentiation between mild and moderate sub-mental health states was less apparent. Additionally, the sub-mental health state evaluation model, which could be used to predict states of sub-mental health of different individuals, was established using F1101, F1102, F1002, and the mental self-assessment total score., Conclusion: The main manifestations of the state of sub-mental health can be discovered using data mining methods to research and analyze the latent laws and knowledge hidden in research evidence on the state of sub-mental health. The state of sub-mental health of different individuals can be rapidly predicted using the model established here. This can provide a basis for assessment and intervention for sub-mental health. It can also replace the relatively outdated approaches to research on sub-health in the technical era of information and digitization by combining the study of states of sub-mental health with information techniques and by further quantifying the relevant information.

Objective: To investigate the potential rules and knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) treatment on chronic urticaria (CU) based on data-mining methods., Methods: Sixty patients with chronic urticaria, treated with TCM and WM, were selected. Gray correlation analyses were adopted to determine therapeutic efficacy. Association algorithms were utilized to ascertain the correlation between the disease course and treatment results. A genetic algorithm was applied to discover the optimization model in the TCM and WM treatment on CU., Results: The total symptom scores after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment in the TCM spleen-strengthening group correlated highly with the pretreatment total symptom score. The duration of treatment showed the greatest impact on the total symptom score. A quartic equation was established (y = - 1.6403 x 10 - 6 x(4) + 0.00025576x(3) + 0.0012819 x2 - 1.024x + 79.5879, and x = 106.9518, y = 83.0036) using the genetic algorithm., Conclusion: TCM treatment had a better effect in the later stage, whereas WM was better in the early stage. The duration of disease course had an impact on the effects of treatment. If the average total symptom score before treatment was < or = 83.0036, TCM or WM treatment could achieve better efficacy.

Objective: We applied data mining techniques to the study of acupuncture as a treatment for juvenile myopia, with the aim of identifying hidden patterns in the data., Methods: Fifty patients with juvenile myopia were selected and treated with acupuncture, and data mining was used to analyze the effects of treatment and the influence of behavioral variables. Clustering analysis was used to divide myopia patients into two classifications before acupuncture treatment. Artificial neural network BP algorithm was adopted to analyze the roles of different factors in changes in diopters. An association algorithm was used to analyze factors associated with the subjective experience of acupuncture and average diopter., Results: The two classification results were fully consistent with the understandings of the ophthalmic circles. The duration of using the Internet and watching TV every day was the main factor that affected vision. Acupuncture feelings and therapeutic effect have a strong correlativity. A good or above experience's score of acupuncture could slow the progression of juvenile myopia., Conclusion: Collecting data from patients with juvenile myopia by using data mining can extract hidden potential rules and knowledge from the research evidence. The decision support can be provided to improve the doctor's clinical acupuncture treatment effects.