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Surface geophysical methods were used to determine the locations of fracture zones in part of the hard rock area in Sonebhadra District of Uttar Pradesh, India. The survey comprises three DC resistivity profile using the gradient profiling technique and ten very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) traverses profiles. The methods were used over survey lines extending between 200 and 400 m; the results were correlated to locate fracture zones for the purpose of groundwater exploration. Qualitative interpretation of the VLF-EM was carried out using Fraser and Karous-Hjelt filters. The result of the interpretation revealed a number of subsurface zones with high real component current density that defines the potential subsurface features (probably fracture zones). The subsurface feature concurred with the low resistive zones indentified from the gradient resistivity profiling. The zones where further inferred quantitatively using data obtained from DC resistivity sounding at some selected anomalous points. The result obtained proves the efficiency of integrating both methods in detecting fractures zones in hard rock area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show that the space of three-interval scaling functions with the induced metric of L² (ℝ) consists of three path-components each of which is contractible and hence, the first fundamental group of these spaces is zero. One method to construct simple scaling sets for L² (ℝ) and H²( ℝ) is described. Further, we obtain a characterization of a method to provide simple scaling sets for higher dimensions with the help of lower dimensional simple scaling sets and discuss scaling sets, wavelet sets and multiwavelet sets for a reducing subspace of L²(ℝn). The contractibility of simple scaling sets for different subspaces are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Multimodality therapy for esophageal cancer can cause various kinds of treatment-related sequelae, especially pulmonary toxicities. This prospective study aims to investigate the clinical and dosimetric parameters predicting lung injury in patients undergoing radiation therapy for esophageal cancer.Methods: Forty-five esophageal cancer patients were prospectively analyzed. The pulmonary toxicities (or sequelae) were evaluated by comparing chest X-ray films, pulmonary function tests and symptoms caused by pulmonary damage before and after treatment. All patients were treated with either three-dimensional radiotherapy (3DCRT) or with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The planning dose volume histogram was used to compute the lung volumes receiving more than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (V5, V10, V20, V30) and mean lung dose.Results: V20 was larger in the IMRT group than in the 3DCRT group (p = 0.002). V20 (>15%) and V30 (>20%) resulted in a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of chronic pneumonitis (p = 0.03) and acute pneumonitis (p = 0.007), respectively.Conclusions: The study signifies that a larger volume of lung receives lower doses because of multiple beam arrangement and a smaller volume of lung receives higher doses because of better dose conformity in IMRT plans. Acute pneumonitis correlates more with V30 values, whereas chronic pneumonitis was predominantly seen in patients with higher V20 values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gears have a wide variety of applications. Their applications vary from watches to very large mechanical units like the lifting devices and automotives. Gears generally fail when the working stress exceeds the maximum permissible stress. Number of studies has been done by various authors to analyse the gear for stresses. Gears have been analysed for different points of contact on the tooth profile and the corresponding points of contact on the pinion. In this study the technology of gears is presented along with the various types of failures that gears have. The causes of these failures are studied and one type of stress related failure due to fatigue failure of a gear tooth due to stress concentration is detailed. Various studies have been done for variation of moment. Studies have also been done to find the highest point single tooth contact. The point after being found is point of application of force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Raily' is an ecorace of tasar silk insect Antheraea mylitta D. (Saturniidae: Lepidoptera), endemic to Bastar plateau of Chhattisgarh, India. It feeds primarily on the leaves of Sal(Shorea robusta Roxb.). The present study confers the correlations between the quantitative traits of male cocoons, female cocoons and traits in the sex pooled samples of cocoons collected from seven ecopockets of the habitats of Raily. The magnitude of association between the cocoon weight, shell weight, pupa weight, shell%, cocoon length, cocoon breadth, cocoon volume in the male cocoon, female cocoons and sex pooled samples of all seven ecopocket differs. The relation between cocoon weight and pupa weight exhibited higher degree of positive significant correlation (p<0.001). Increase in cocoon weight confers negative association with silk % in all the ecopockets, except Geedam, when sex pooled samples were computed for the association considering cocoon weight as independent variable and silk % as dependent variable. The magnitude of association varied between sexes, seasons and ecopockets can be considered as an effective parameter for selective breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we characterize scaling sets consisting of three intervals. In addition, we provide a procedure to obtain scaling sets possessing finitely many intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the efficacy of topical Myolaxin (capsaican ointment, Geno, Mumbai) ointment over EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine, prilocaine; Neon, Goa) cream for attenuating venous cannulation pain in this prospective, randomised, double blind study. Sixty adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Group I (EMLA) received EMLA cream, whereas Group II (Myolaxin) received Myolaxin ointment. For both groups the cream was applied at the venous cannulation site (dorsum of the non-dominant hand) one hour prior to venous cannulation and was covered with an occlusive dressing. Following venous cannulation patients were asked if they felt pain during venous cannulation. If the answer was yes, they were asked to rate the severity of venous cannulation pain using a VisualAnalogue Scale (VAS) of 0-10. The incidence of venous cannulation pain was similar between groups: in the EMLA group 65% (18/28) compared to 67% (20/30) in the Myolaxin group (P=0.19). The severity of pain (median VAS with inter quartile range) was also similar between the groups: in the EMLA group 1.5 (3) compared to 1.5 (2) in the Myolaxin group (P=0.46). As the topical application of Myolaxin ointment is cheaper than EMLA and has similar efficacy, it may be a suitable alternative for reducing the incidence and severity of venous cannulation pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of different lower and higher alcohols viz; methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-octanol, for the synthesis of methyl, ethyl, propyl and octyl fatty acid esters by transesterification of vegetable oil (triglycerides) with respective alcohols also known as ‘Bio-diesel’ and ‘Bio-lubricants’ was studied in detail. The reactions were carried out in a batch process. The activity with different supports like clay (K-10), activated carbon, ZSM-5, H-beta and TS-1 were compared. The superacids (heteropolyacids, HPA) viz; Dodeca-Tungstophosphoric acid [H3PO4 · 12WO3·xH2O] (TPA) and Dodeca-Molybdo phosphoric acid ammonium salt hydrate [H12Mo12N3O40P+aq] (DMAA) was used to increase the acidity and so the activity by loading on the most active support viz; clay (K-10). These HPA loaded on clay as a catalyst was used for the following study: effect of percent HPA loading on clay, effect of different vegetable oils, effect of different alcohols on the triglyceride conversion based on glycerol formation and selectivity based on alkyl esters formation. The data is compared at the best-optimized identical set of operating reaction conditions: 170°C, 170 rpm, catalyst loading: 5% (w/w of reaction mixture), molar ratio (oil : alcohol): 1:15 and time on stream of 8 h. The generated data is also evaluated based on the reported one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cross-sectional, population-based studies were conducted to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, among people aged 20--59 years and those over 60 years in Delhi. Study 1 (20--59 years): in total,1213 subjects from 120 clusters spread across Delhi were studied. The prevalence of hypertension was 27.5%. Of the hypertensives, 53.3% were aware of their diagnosis; 42.8% were taking treatment and only 10.5%had controlled blood pressure. About 9.0% of the hypertensives had coexisting diabetes mellitus and 8.4% were suffering from coronary disease. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in urban areas, but there was no significant difference in levels of awareness, treatment and control between urban and slum areas. The prevalence of hypertensionwas comparable in both sexes. Women, however, were more likely to be aware of their condition. Study 2 (X60 years): in total,1105 subjects from 110 clusters were studied. Prevalence of hypertensionwas 63.8%. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) was found in 15.3% of the subjects. About 54% of the hypertensives were aware of their diagnosis; 43.4% were taking treatment and only 8.5% had controlled blood pressure. Prevalence of hypertension and ISH were comparable among sexes. Women were more aware and better treated. About 21.3% hypertensives had coexisting diabetes mellitus, and 14.3% were suffering from coronary disease. There was no significant difference between sexes. Urban and slum areas were also found to be comparable. Over 3% of the elderly were controlling their raised blood pressure by non-pharmacological measures. They belonged to the 'aware' category yet could not be labelled as 'hypertensives', highlighting an operational fault in the Joint National Committee definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged embryo culture to day 5 or 6 with subsequent transfer of blastocysts is slowly becoming common in IVF cycles. Despite having good quality embryos on Day 3, not all embryos develop into blastocysts. It is well known that late paternal effect and embryonic genome activation occur around day 3 of embryo development. Our objective was to study whether an association exists between asthenospermia and subsequent poor blastocyst quality on day 5 or 6 in previously good quality embryos on day 3. Retrospective chart analysis was performed of all IVF cycles conducted in 2016 and 2017 at a single tertiary care academic center. Good quality embryos on day 3 was defined as 7- or 8-cell embryos with morphological grade A and B. Day 3 embryos which met criteria for good quality only were included in the study. Good quality blastocysts on day 5 or 6 were defined as having a blastocoel cavity expansion of ≥ 3 and grade AA, AB, BA, BB per Gardner's criteria. Bad quality embryos were defined as ones with a blastocoel cavity expansion < 3 and grade AC, BC, CC, CA and CB or arrested blasts. Sperm analysis data performed on day of ICSI was extracted. Motility less than 40% was defined as asthenospermia. Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc. From a total of 1,362 good quality Day 3 embryos, 517 (37.95%) formed good quality blastocysts on day 5 or 6. The asthenospermic group had a significantly lower good blast development rate per good quality day 3 embryo (13.1% vs 24.8%; p<0.0001) and higher incidence of arrested or unusable blastocysts (34.9% vs 27.1%, p<0.0001). A significant percentage of good quality blasts came from the ≥40% motility group (65.4% vs 34.6%, P<0.0001) rather than from the asthenospermic group. Furthermore, the ≥40% motility group had a significantly higher percentage of good quality blasts on Day 5 (70.7% vs 58.7%, p=0.006) as compared to the <40% motility group. Poor sperm motility was associated with a poor blast development rate and formation of poor quality of blasts. Male factor infertility might contribute to poor blastocyst formation in extended embryo culture. Since the <40% motility group showed lower Day 5 blastocyst rates, further studies directed at embryo morphokinetics to better understand the impact of various sperm parameters on embryo quality and outcomes are warranted. Nothing to disclose None [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissipation behaviour of endosulfan and dichlorvos in/on cauliflower, variety Snowball-16, was studied during rabi season (Sep.–March) 2003–2004. Endosulfan and dichlorvos were sprayed @ 350 and 110g a.i. with 115 g a.i., respectively, 80 days after transplanting. Samples were taken at the interval of 0 (1h after spray), 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after spray (DAS) in triplicate and residues were estimated on GC-ECD system equipped with capillary column. The initial deposits of 3.452 and 0.295μgg−1 of endosulfan and dichlorvos dissipated to 0.084 (97.56%) and 0.009 (96.95%), respectively after 10 DAS. Residues of endosulfan reached below maximum residue limit of 2μgg−1 one day after spray and of dichlorvos were below MRL value of 0.5μgg−1 even on 0 day. Dissipation pattern followed first order kinetics for both the insecticides with half life periods of 1.81 and 2.08 days for endosulfan and dichlorvos, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-of-pipe solutions as a regulatory approach have been practised in industry with a view that the technology is perfect and only the effluent should be treated. Although total waste cannot be eliminated, there are several approaches that can be easily adopted by industry to reduce waste and also to improve economics. In the case of industrial phase transfer catalysed processes, the catalyst is not recovered but treated as a waste since the quantities are very small and do not contribute much to the expensive product. Although totally waste-free chemical processes are not realizable in practice, the concept of ecoefficiency is useful for optimizing chemical processes with the aim of minimizing risk, resource depletion, and waste-generation. In this context it is necessary to make the popular phase transfer catalysis (PTC) more acceptable to industry by unusual strategies. So combining several steps in a single- pot reaction and using the same catalyst and solvent without separation or with partial replenishment of the reactants for all the steps fits elegantly into the concept of waste minimization. The use of liquid-liquid-liquid, solid-liquid-liquid PTC, including a change in nature of the phase, reactant, and product state, can be advantageously made in a cascaded reaction. Cascade engineered PTC (CEPTC) will offer the additional benefit of enhancing the selectivity of the desired product through manipulation of various parameters such as the number of phases, catalyst loading, type of catalyst, stoichiometric ratio of the starting materials and temperature. In agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals this approach can be employed where multi-step synthesis coupled... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective reduction of nitro compounds to the corresponding amines in multi-functional moieties is attempted in a variety of industries using polluting processes including iron-acid and sulfide/polysulfide reduction processes. In the current work, selective hydrogenation of p-nitroanisole (PNA) to p-anisidine (PA) has been carried out using supported metal catalysts. 5% Pd/C was found to be highly effective in comparison with other metal catalysts used. Kinetic interpretation has been made by studying the important process parameters using 5% Pd/C as the catalyst. The experimental results show that conversion of PNA reaches 100% under the appropriate reaction conditions. The reaction was found to be 100% selective towards PA. It was possible to determine both the rate constant and adsorption equilibrium constant for the reaction. The activation energy of reaction and free energy of adsorption were found to be 10.25 and -2.4 kcal mol, respectively, indicating that the reaction is Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetically controlled. The catalyst was found to be deactivated due to the blocking of channels by product precipitation, which was considered as independent deactivation. A deactivation model was developed and it was found to fit the data very well. A complete theoretical and experimental analysis is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten dogs with long bone fractures were operated by locking compression plating under thiopentone and isoflurane anaesthesia. The wound healing was satisfacgtory to good and took 10-20 days for complete wound healing. The gait of dogs normalized within 21 days. Time required for clinical healing fracture was 60 days and was 45 days for attending full mobility. The alignment of bone fragments was good in all the animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four cases of tyrosinaemia with cutaneous manifestations, but without ocular involvement, are reported in a family with consanguineous parents. The tyrosine Levels in the serum and in the urine were normal in both parents, while in the offsprings the tyrosine levels were elevated 7½-13 tunes in the serum and 3-13 times in the urine. Although the serum tyrosine levels in our cases were higher than in most of the cases reported in the literature the eyes of all our patients were normal. The skin manifestations were very impressive, and varying degrees of mental retardation were present in all patients. The patients put on a low-protein diet improved considerably and have been kept symptom- free for 1½ years. The possible implication of the discrepancy between the high serum levels and lack of ocular changes is discussed. Our results suggest that the Richner-Hanhart syndrome may include more than one distinct biochemical entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexachlorocyclohexane and its α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐HCH isomer's dissipation behavior in flooded soil under the cover of rice crop was studied with the recommended (2.5 kg a.i./ha) and double the recommended doses. The degradation flux of each isomer continued to increase for 60 days after treatment and then decreased. Among the different isomers, the β‐isomer degradation was the slowest, followed by δ‐, α‐ and γ‐isomers. Several reasons are suggested for this degradation behavior of different HCH isomers. Partition distribution coefficients (Kd) of all isomers showed a positive correlation with incubation time and their respective degradation rates. This study was compared with non‐flooded plots where all the isomers persisted for a longer period. Measurable translocation and accumulation of β‐isomer was observed in rice grains at harvest from higher treatment, but not the recommended dose. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on a study which investigated the discriminatory aspects of Canadian tariffs and quotas on the imports of manufactured goods from less developed countries. Comparison of nominal tariff rates imposed on developed and less developed countries; Restrictive impact of Canadian tariffs; Combined aspects of tariff and quotas.