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Internet applications create massive small spatio-temporal data files in cloud environments. Therefore a method aiming to raise the processing efficiency of small files in HDFS; a data scheme combining user access and data features, is proposed. This scheme regards a user access stream as file request sequence, and constructs a characteristic sequence by spatio-temporal attribute extraction. A characteristic template of different user access patterns is formed when analyzing the characteristic sequence by template matching. Then merger-related files are analyzed. Experimental results show that our scheme improves the storage efficiency for small files, and also decreases network application response times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of posterior-only approach combining with puncture drainage under CT-guide in staged treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis with flow injection abscess. We retrospectively analyzed 15 patients (came from 72 cases with thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis) with flow injection abscesses underwent surgery from January 2007 to February 2009, and evaluated the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scoring system of nerve function, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), abscess absorption time and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), preoperatively and postoperatively. 15 patients were followed up for 13-37 months, no recurrence of tuberculosis, no fixation loosening and neurologic symptoms aggravated. The flow injection abscesses are absorbed within 3-6 months postoperative operation. In final follow-up, ESR went down to 5.2±2.1 mm/h from preoperative 79.6±14.8 mm/h, CRP decreased from preoperative 49.3±7.5 mg/L to 1.8±0.7 mg/L, ODI changed from 75.13±20.15 to 16.72±8.62, all of them changed significantly (P<0.05). In conclusions, one-stage posterior debridement, interbody fusion, pedicle screw fixation and two-stage CT-guided interventional therapy were safe and effective in treatment of the thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis with flow injection abscess.

To introduce a modified method, namely coaxial electrohydrodynamic atomization for the fabrication of distinct core/shell structured microspheres of four first-line ant-tuberculosis drugs with different characteristics in hydrophilic properties in one single step. In group B, we prepared microspheres in which the core and the shell contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, respectively. In contrast, in group C, the opposite is prepared. The detection of encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release test were performed to confirm the feasibility of the drug-loaded core/shell structured microspheres. Moreover, cell culture experiments and animal experiments have been carried out to evaluate the biological safety of different microspheres in cell growth, cell viability, osteogenesis and migration of BMSCs in vitro and the bone fusion in a bone deficits model in SD rat. Meanwhile, the distribution of drugs and liver and kidney toxicity were monitored. The release patterns of the two groups are significantly different. The release of drugs from Group B microspheres is rather sequential, whereas group C microspheres release drugs in a parallel (co-release) manner. And various concentrations of carrier materials produces core/shell structured microspheres with different appearance. Moreover, the biological safety of core/shell structured microspheres was testified to be satisfactory. These findings present the advantages and possible application of this kind of multi-drug release system in treating skeletal tuberculosis. Moreover, the characteristic sequential release of multi-drugs can be controlled and adjusted based on treatment need and used in treating other disorders.

Purpose: Retrospective analysis of the clinical efficacy and feasibility of patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis with psoas abscesses treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage., Method: A total of 18 patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis (TB), between February 2007 and February 2011, underwent one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage. And the clinical efficacy was evaluated based on surgery duration time, the blood loss, the postural drainage of time, neurological status that was recorded by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, the fate of bone graft fusion, kyphosis angle, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), which were collected at certain time., Results: The average follow-up period was 34 months (range 18-48 months). 18 patients suffered from seriously neurological deficits pre-operatively, of which 16 patients returned to normal at final follow-up. The surgery duration time was 197 ± 37.9 min, and the blood loss was 815 ± 348.5 ml. The postural drainage of time was 7.2 ± 2.7 days. The psoas abscesses disappeared in all cases, within the time range of 6-9 months (mean 7.4 ± 1.2 months). All patients of the grafted bones were thoroughly fused, with a fusion time ranging from 4 to 12 months (mean 7.8 months). Kyphosis angle was 44.32 ± 7.26° on average pre-operative and returned to 11.72 ± 2.85° at 6 weeks after operation; kyphosis angle was 13.10 ± 2.39° at final follow-up. The values of ESR and CRP were significant declined at 6 weeks post-operative, and returned to normal levels at final follow-up., Conclusion: With standardized anti-TB chemotherapy, thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis with psoas abscesses could be effectively treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage.

Objective: • To study the surgical techniques and clinical results of laparoscopic extended pelvic lymph node dissection during radical cystectomy., Patients and Methods: • From July 2007 to October 2009, 43 patients with bladder carcinoma received laparoscopic radical cystectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion. • Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) was first performed within extended template. • The lower part of aorta and vena cava were isolated from the bifurcation of common iliac artery to the level of the inferior mesenteric artery. • The standard template PLND was continued along the external iliac vessels, internal iliac vessels and obturator nerve. The bladder was then removed laparoscopically and urinary diversion was performed., Results: • All procedures were performed successfully and no open conversion occurred. The duration of the procedure for extended PLND was 90-185 min (mean 125 min) and total duration was 280-470 min (mean 329 min). • Intra-operative blood loss was 200-1500 mL (mean 325 mL) and eight cases received transfusion. Pathological study identified transitional cell carcinoma and a negative margin in all cases. A range of 19-53 lymph nodes were dissected in the patients with a mean of 31.3. • In total, 17 positive nodes were confirmed in 11 cases. Postoperative complications included two cases of bowel obstruction, two cases of mild urine leakage and 17 cases of lymphatic leakage., Conclusions: • Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy is indicated in selected patients with bladder cancer. • It is safe, minimally invasive and more lymph nodes can be retrieved with a higher success rate by extended pelvic lymphadenectomy., (© 2010 THE AUTHORS. BJU INTERNATIONAL © 2010 BJU INTERNATIONAL.)