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Capturing long-range dependencies during feature extraction is crucial for video-based person re-identification (re-id) since it would help to tackle many challenging problems such as occlusion and dramatic pose variation. Moreover, capturing subtle differences, such as bags and glasses, is indispensable to distinguish similar pedestrians. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficacious Statistic Attention (SA) block which can capture both the long-range dependencies and subtle differences. SA block leverages high-order statistics of feature maps, which contain both long-range and high-order information. By modeling relations with these statistics, SA block can explicitly capture long-range dependencies with less time complexity. In addition, high-order statistics usually concentrate on details of feature maps and can perceive the subtle differences between pedestrians. In this way, SA block is capable of discriminating pedestrians with subtle differences. Furthermore, this lightweight block can be conveniently inserted into existing deep neural networks at any depth to form Statistic Attention Network (SANet). To evaluate its performance, we conduct extensive experiments on two challenging video re-id datasets, showing that our SANet outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, to show the generalizability of SANet, we evaluate it on three image re-id datasets and two more general image classification datasets, including ImageNet. The source code is available at http://vipl.ict.ac.cn/resources/codes/code/SANet code.zip.

TGFβ pretreatment decreases NK cell cytotoxicity against o-HSV infected glioblastoma cell lines and patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells (S1); TGFβ mediated inhibition of NK cell and macrophages/microglia intracranial infiltration persists 2 days after oHSV infection (S2); TGFβ pretreatment decreases spleen NK cell activity in 4C8 B6D2F1 mouse model in the presence of oHSV (S3); Virus titer, macrophages/microglia infiltration levels remain similar after NK cell depletion with an asialo-GM1 antibody (S4); A single dose TGFβ treatment in the absence of oHSV is not oncogenic (S5).

Description of additional methods and procedures used in the study. Also includes Supplementary References.

Yan Guo,1,* Yue Xu,2,* Meng He,2 Xilin Chen,2 Longfei Xing,2 Tingyao Hu,2 Yi Zhang,2 Mei Du,2 Dian Zhang,2 Qian Zhang,2 Bin Li1 1Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin Li, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, 23 Meishuguan Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18910781852, Fax +86-87906055, Email libin@bjzhongyi.comPurpose: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic inflammatory disease highly associated with intra-articular hypertension, hypoxia and angiogenesis of synovial tissue. Our previous studies showed that acupotomy could treat KOA in a variety of ways, including reducing cartilage deterioration and enhancing biomechanical qualities. However, the mechanism of hypoxia and angiogenesis induced by acupotomy in KOA synovium remains unclear. This study looked for the benign intervention of acupotomy in synovial pathology.Methods: The rabbits were divided into 3 groups, Normal group, KOA group, and KOA + Acupotomy (Apo) group, with 11 rabbits in each group. The KOA rabbit model was established by the modified Videman method with six weeks. The KOA + Apo group performed the intervention. The tendon insertion of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and anserine bursa were selected as treatment points in rabbits. Rabbits were treated once every 7 days for 3 weeks. We observed the intra-articular pressure and oxygen partial pressure (BOLD MRI). The synovial morphology was monitored by Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining (HE Staining). The expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected using Immunohistochemical (IHC), Western Blot and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Results: Acupotomy reduced intra-articular hypertension and improved the synovial oxygen situation, synovial inflammatory and angiogenesis. HIF-1α, VEGF, IL-1β and TNF-α expression were downregulated by acupotomy.Conclusion: Acupotomy may reduce inflammation and angiogenesis in KOA rabbit by reducing abnormally elevated intra-articular pressure and improving synovial oxygen environment. The above may provide a new theoretical foundation for acupotomy treatment of KOA.Keywords: acupotomy, KOA, synovium, intra-articular pressure, hypoxia, angiogenesis