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Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), male sex, obesity, older age or hypertension are prone to hypoxemia during flexible bronchoscopy. This study investigated whether using a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) could reduce the incidence of oxygen desaturation during bronchoscopy under deep sedation in patients at risk of hypoxemia.Methods: A total of 176 patients at risk of hypoxemia who underwent flexible bronchoscopy under deep sedation were randomly assigned to two groups: the HFNC group (humidified oxygen was supplied via a high-flow nasal cannula at a rate of 60 L/min and a concentration of 100%, n = 87) and the facemask group (oxygen was supplied via a tight-fitting facemask at a rate of 6 L/min and a concentration of 100%, n = 89).Results: Oxygen desaturation occurred in 4 (4.6%) patients in the HFNC group and 26 (29.2%) patients in the facemask group (P < 0.001). The facemask group required more jaw thrust manoeuvres than the HFNC group (43[48.3%] vs. 5[5.7%], P < 0.001). 8 patients (9.0%) in the facemask group and none in the HFNC group required bag-mask ventilation (P = 0.012).Conclusion: The use of an HFNC can reduce the incidence of oxygen desaturation and the requirement for airway intervention in patients at risk of hypoxemia during flexible bronchoscopy under deep sedation.Trial Registration: www.chiCTR.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2100044105. Registered 11/03/2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many kinds of materials or methods used to make optical microcavities, and they have many different geometric structures. And electrospinning technique has become a very convenient and easy one to prepare polymer fiber. Based on this situation, PM597-doped polymer solution was prepared into high-performance fibers with different diameters by electrospinning technology in our work. In order to better study the temperature sensing of polymer fiber whispering gallery mode, we have placed it on two different substrates with gold and aluminum. A 532 nm pulsed laser beam was used to excite a single fiber in the radial direction, then the whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser was observed and the distribution of WGM was determined by theoretical calculations. The threshold of samples on aluminum substrate is 0.4 μJ. In addition, it is found that the samples on aluminum substrate performed better in temperature sensing, and the value is 0.13 nm/°C. As a result, WGM polymer fiber microcavities on aluminum substrate made by electrospinning technology have very broad development prospects in biosensing, optical pump lasers and other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose the use of a smooth spherical lens in the Christiansen filter cell. The realization of common filtering functions with such a filter configuration is discussed. A systematic design technique based on inverse Fourier cosine transform or inverse Laplace transform is established, with which a desired, prescribed response can be tailored by properly configuring the lens of the filter. Four Christiansen filters centered at 545 nm with a full width at half-maximum of 2 nm are analyzed in detail. OCIS codes: 050.1965, 070.2615, 230.7408.

To remedy ihe coniradielion between lhe equal strain assumption and the flow continuity assumption at a soil-column interface, the traditional flow continuity assumption was abandoned and the radial and vertical flows within a stone column were incorporated to consider the column consolidation and deformation in a coupled fashion. Moreover, two possible variation patterns of the horizontal permeability coefficient of soil within the disturbed soil zone were included, to reflect the detrimental influence on the surrounding soil due to column construction. In addition, a linearly changed total vertical stress along the column depth was assumed, to achieve a more realistic stress distribution in practice. By considering the above mentioned characteristics, the governing equations for this type of consolidation problem were developed. The solutions for the governing equations were subsequently derived by using a new initial condition obtained from the equilibrium condition and equal strain assumption. On the basis of this, the average degree of consolidation of the composite foundation was obtained and discussed. Finally, a parametric study was performed and an application example was introduced to help engineers better utilize the present solution when applied to an actual design. Key words: consolidation, composite foundation, radial flow, coefficient of permeability. Afin de remedier a la contradiction entre les suppositions de deformations egale et de continuite de Tecoulement a (l'interface sol-colonne. la supposition traditionnelle de continuite de I'ecoulement a ete abandonnee pour introduire les ecoulements radiaux et verticaux, dans le but de considerer la consolidation et la deformation de la colonne de maniere couplee. De plus, deux types possibles de variations du coefficient de permeabilite horizontal du sol a 1'interieur de la zone affectee ont ete induits pour refleter 1'impact negatif de la construction de la colonne sur le sol environnent. Une contrainte verticale totale variant lineairement sur la hauteur de la colonne a aussi ete incluse afin d'obtenir une distribution des contraintes plus reahste. En considerant les caracteristiques mentionnees ci-haut, les equations pour des problemes avec ce type de consolidation ont ete developpees. Les solutions des equations sont obtenues en utilisant les nouvelles conditions iniliales derivees des conditions d'equilibre et la supposition de deformation egale. A 1'aide de ces equations, le degre de consolidation moyen pour la Ibndaiion composite est obtenu el discule. Finalemenl. une elude paramefrique a ete effectuee el un exemple d'applicaiion est presenie pour aider les ingenieurs a mieux uliliser la solution developpee pour des conceptions concretes. Mots-ctes : consolidation, fondation composite, ecoulement radial, coefficient de permeabilite. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Stone columns are one of the most commonly used soil improvement techniques to accelerate the consolidation process and improve the strength and stiffness in soft clay foundations. A number [...]

Chitin is found in the exoskeleton and peritrophic matrix of arthropods, but recent studies have also identified chitin in the spinning duct of silk-spinning arthropods. Here, we report the presence and function of chitin and cuticle proteins ASSCP1 and ASSCP2 in the spinning duct of silkworm. We show that chitin and these proteins are co-located in the cuticular layer of the spinning duct. Ultrastructural analysis indicates that the cuticular layer has a multilayer structure by layered stacking of the chitin laminae. After knocking down ASSCP1 and ASSCP2, the fine structure of this layer was disrupted, which had negative impacts on the mechanical properties of silk. This work clarifies the function of chitin in the spinning duct of silkworm. Chitin and cuticle proteins are the main components of the cuticular layer, providing the shearing stress during silk fibrillogenesis and regulating the final mechanical properties of silk. Recent studies have identified chitin in the spinning duct of silk-spinning arthropods. However, the role of chitin in this specific organ remains unclear. This study reports that chitin and cuticle proteins form the cuticular layer, a unique structure of the spinning duct of silkworm. This layer with a precise laminate structure gives the spinning duct flexible properties, provides shearing forces for silk fibrillogenesis, and contributes to silk final mechanical properties. Our work clarifies the component, ultrastructure, and biological significance of the silkworm cuticular layer, describes the specific process of silk fiber formation, and proposes new molecular targets (chitin and cuticle proteins) for the improvement of animal silks. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing of extreme rainfall frequency, landslides accompanied by mudslides often lead to serious casualties and property damage. On 3rd July 2021, a debris flow occurred in Izu Mountain area, Shizuoka County, Japan, and then resulted in 26 deaths and 131 houses destroyed, where houses were mainly built along the banks of the creek. In order to analyse the landslide state and distribution, a two-dimensional debris flow dynamic model (Massflow) was selected to simulate the process of the landslide-generated debris flow. When the model results are considered together with remote sensing images, the volume distribution of the unstable landslide is also able to be determined. The results show that (1) the affected areas are mainly concentrated at the outfall of the gully and on both sides of the streets. (2) The pore pressure ratio is an important factor affecting the damage range of this debris flow. (3) The increase of the pore pressure ratio in the landslide make the movement distance of debris flow increase significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant research mostly focuses on the impact of big data on product development (PD) process and performance, and yet there is a lack of theoretical exploration of the transformation path, realization mechanism and transformation paradigm while moving from experience-based PD (EBPD) to data-driven PD (DDPD). This paper, from the integrated perspective of adaptive change and organizational routines, and based on an in-depth case study of HSTYLE, proposes a twostage transformation model for moving from EBPD to DDPD, dissects the adaptive change mechanism of organizational routines for DDPD, puts forward a theoretical model for the transformation paradigm for DDPD, and provides an innovative interpretation of the connotation of data-driven. This paper constructs a theory for DDPD transformation that comprises three aspects: transformation path, realization mechanism and transformation paradigm. Conclusions of this paper have policy implications for enterprises in their practice on data-driven product innovation in the digital economy era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimensional variation is inherent to any manufacturing process. In order to minimize its impact on assembly products it is important to understand how the variation propagates through the assembly process. Unfortunately, manufacturing processes are complex and in many cases highly nonlinear. Traditionally, assembly process modeling has been approached as a linear process. However, many assemblies undergo highly complex nonlinear physical processes, such as compliant deformation, contact interaction, and welding thermal deformation. This paper presents a new variation propagation methodology considering the compliant contact effect, which will be analyzed through nonlinear frictional contact analysis. Its variation prediction will be accurately and efficiently conducted using an enhanced dimension reduction method. A case study is presented to show the applicability of the proposed methodology. [DOI: 10.1115/1.2752829]