Search

Immunogenic dying tumor cells hold promising prospects as cancer vaccines to activate systemic immunity against both primary and metastatic tumors. Especially, X-ray- induced dying tumor cells are rich in highly immunogenic tumor-associated antigens and self-generated dsDNA as potent adjuvants. However, we found that the X-ray induction process can result in the excessive exposure of phosphatidylserine in cancer vaccines, which can specifically bind with the MerTK receptor on macrophages, acting as a “checkpoint” to facilitate immune silence in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we developed a novel strategy combining X-ray-induced cancer vaccines with UNC2250, a macrophage MerTK “checkpoint inhibitor,” for treating peritoneal carcinomatosis in colon cancer. By incorporating UNC2250 into the treatment regimen, immunosuppressive efferocytosis of macrophages, which relies on MerTK-directed recognition of phosphatidylserine on vaccines, was effectively blocked. Consequently, the immune analysis revealed that this combination strategy promoted the maturation of dendritic cells and M1-like repolarization of macrophages, thereby simultaneously eliciting robust adaptive and innate immunity. This innovative approach utilizing X-ray-induced vaccines combined with a checkpoint inhibitor may provide valuable insights for developing effective cancer vaccines and immunotherapies targeting colon cancer.

Abstract Background The detection of internal defects in seeds via non-destructive imaging techniques is a topic of high interest to optimize the quality of seed lots. In this context, X-ray imaging is especially suited. Recent studies have shown the feasibility of defect detection via deep learning models in 3D tomography images. We demonstrate the possibility of performing such deep learning-based analysis on 2D X-ray radiography for a faster yet robust method via the X-Robustifier pipeline proposed in this article. Results 2D X-ray images of both defective and defect-free seeds were acquired. A deep learning model based on state-of-the-art object detection neural networks is proposed. Specific data augmentation techniques are introduced to compensate for the low ratio of defects and increase the robustness to variation of the physical parameters of the X-ray imaging systems. The seed defects were accurately detected (F1-score >90%), surpassing human performance in computation time and error rates. The robustness of these models against the principal distortions commonly found in actual agro-industrial conditions is demonstrated, in particular, the robustness to physical noise, dimensionality reduction and the presence of seed coating. Conclusion This work provides a full pipeline to automatically detect common defects in seeds via 2D X-ray imaging. The method is illustrated on sugar beet and faba bean and could be efficiently extended to other species via the proposed generic X-ray data processing approach (X-Robustifier). Beyond a simple proof of feasibility, this constitutes important results toward the effective use in the routine of deep learning-based automatic detection of seed defects.

In case of pacemaker implantation, axillary vein puncture remains a less common technique in both domestic and foreign institutions. In our article, we present the implementation of this method in a center where there was no prior experience with it. During our study, dividing the patients into two groups, we retrospectively compared the success and complication rates of subclavian and axillary punctures. Based on our results, introducing the electrode through the axillary vein is equally effective and safer than subclavian puncture. It can be easily mastered even without specific training by an electrophysiologist experienced in subclavian vein cannulation.

Abstract Self-supervised pretraining has been observed to be effective at improving feature representations for transfer learning, leveraging large amounts of unlabelled data. This review summarizes recent research into its usage in X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging, concentrating on studies that compare self-supervised pretraining to fully supervised learning for diagnostic tasks such as classification and segmentation. The most pertinent finding is that self-supervised pretraining generally improves downstream task performance compared to full supervision, most prominently when unlabelled examples greatly outnumber labelled examples. Based on the aggregate evidence, recommendations are provided for practitioners considering using self-supervised learning. Motivated by limitations identified in current research, directions and practices for future study are suggested, such as integrating clinical knowledge with theoretically justified self-supervised learning methods, evaluating on public datasets, growing the modest body of evidence for ultrasound, and characterizing the impact of self-supervised pretraining on generalization.

Ascaris-induced intestinal obstruction is a rare complication primarily seen in children in areas with a high prevalence of worm infestations. It can occur through 2 mechanisms: immune-mediated reactions releasing neurotoxins that cause contractions and inflammation in the small intestine (aperistalsis), or mechanical obstruction by adult worms, commonly at the ileocecal valve. Partial obstructions are managed conservatively, while complete obstructions often require surgical intervention. In a recent case, a 19-year-old male presented with persistent abdominal pain, vomiting, and inability to pass stools, and gas. Imaging revealed partial obstruction, and conservative management with fluids, a nasogastric tube, and antibiotics led to the spontaneous passage of worms, relieving symptoms. The patient was discharged with anthelmintics and advised on follow-up and sanitary measures. This case is notable for the uncommon occurrence of Ascaris-induced intestinal obstruction in adults and the successful conservative management resulting in early worm expulsion.

Fetus-in-fetu (FIF) is a rare congenital anomaly in which a malformed parasitic twin develops within the body of a live fetus or child. Abdominal teratoma, a type of germ cell tumor, can be a great imaging mimicker of FIF and vice-versa, as they both can present as a heterogeneous mass with calcifications and a fat component. Radiological differentiation of these 2 entities should be made because of the difference in surgical planning and treatment options. Features such as visualization of distinct bony vertebral elements and encysted cystic components are the specific features of Fetus in fetu [1]. In contrast, the presence of elevated serum markers can help diagnose teratoma. Here, we report a case of a 5-month-old girl presented with progressive distension of the upper abdomen for the last 2 months, noticed by her mother. Her initial imaging with abdominal X-ray and ultrasonography showed the presence of a large heterogenous solid-cystic mass in the upper abdomen with large elongated calcifications. A provisional diagnosis of teratoma vs FIF was considered. CECT abdomen showed clear identification of osseous structures of the axial and appendicular skeleton within a fat density mass, along with an encapsulated cystic component, strongly suggestive of FIF. Her serum tumor markers were within normal limits. The final diagnosis of FIF was confirmed on Laparotomy and postoperative specimens.

Our work reveals a notable shift in the crystallization temperature (Tc) of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) at which crystallization occurs due to exposure to prolonged thermal degradation at 270°C in an environment of nitrogen gas. The initial Tc of 193°C undergoes a marked decrease, settling at 133°C, which signifies a considerable 60°C shift towards lower temperature ranges. This transition is discernible across three distinct degradation stages: an initial phase of increase, an intermediate phase characterized by a sharp decline, and a subsequent late stage of the degradation phase characterized by a more moderate decrease in Tc. Both crystallinity and crystallization kinetics consistently mirror this pattern, demonstrating an initial rise, a rapid subsequent drop, and a gradual decline in the late-stage period. Evident from the presence of two melting peaks, the research implies differing lamellar thicknesses. As the degradation progresses, the melting points of these peaks, denoted as Tm1 and Tm2, decline at 38 and 41°C, respectively. Validation of the degradation-induced changes is provided by a small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), which corroborates the observed decrease in the long period (L). A contextualization of the results against prior studies underscores analogous trends in the alteration of crystallization behaviour consequent to degradation.

X-ray applications in imaging and beyond require efficient and optimal detectors. Energy separation, time loss, and manufacturing cost are among the features that led us to design a semiconductor detector. A low-gain avalanche diode (LGAD) with internal amplification allows, in a sufficient field, the internal propagation process by accelerating the carriers, the energy required for ionization, and the generation of secondary carriers to produce a better gain (higher signal-to-noise ratio) and also provide more time efficiency (in the range of nanoseconds). In this article, we simulate the LGAD silicon detector with Silvaco software by applying reverse bias voltage and radiation in the range of visible light to X-ray. Newton and Gummel's methods were used. In Newton's method, one of the mechanisms of radiation interaction with matter is considered variable and the rest are fixed. However, in Gummel's method, all mechanisms are solved simultaneously. In the X-ray wavelength range, the electron current in this detector is 10-4 amperes, and this current decreases with increasing energy. The dark current is 10-6 amperes. By applying visible light with 0.45-micrometer wavelength and 1 V/cm2 intensity, the detector current was obtained about 6.5×10-4 amperes. For 1.0×10-5 x-ray wavelength and 108 V/cm2 intensity, detector current was obtained about 3.5×10-4 amperes. Considering the quick response time of this detector and the current in the range of microamps, this detector is a suitable option for X-ray detection. Also, this detector shows superior performance in the visible light range.

Background. Mucous cysts of hand represent tumor-like masses. This pathology is associated with a large number of diagnostic and treatment mistakes with inappropriate procedures and incomplete surgical interventions, which result in recurrences and complications. Aim of the study — to analyze diagnostics and treatment mistakes in patients with mucous cysts of fingers in order to improve the quality of medical care for patients with this pathology. Methods. The study enrolled 62 patients. Diagnostics included medical history analysis, clinical and X-ray examination, and ultrasonography. According to the patients’ history, they were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of patients who had come to the clinic for the first time, group 2 — of patients who had referred to the clinic with recurrences of mucous cysts. All patients underwent surgical interventions with osteophyte excision of the phalanx and skin defect grafting after cyst excision. Treatment results were evaluated 2, 6, 12 months after the operation using X-ray data, VAS, QuickDash questionnaire, and measurements of the range of motion in the distal interphalangeal joint. Results. Initial referrals of group 2 patients (with disease recurrence) were analyzed in terms of the profile of specialists and the type of care provided. It was found that patients with recurrence had undergone procedures (cyst puncture, cauterization, removal of thin skin over the cyst) or surgeries without osteophyte excision of the phalanx and skin defect grafting after cyst excision. The use of a diagnostic algorithm at the referral stage made it possible to confirm the diagnosis and detect an osteophyte of the affected phalanx in all patients. Patients were followed up for a year. Conclusion. At the diagnostic stage, X-ray and ultrasonography are conclusive methods of examination. The only correct method of mucous cysts treatment is radical surgery including skin defect grafting with local tissues after cyst excision and osteophyte removal.

Objectives: Vertebral fracture is both common and serious among adults, yet it often goes undiagnosed. This study aimed to develop a shape-based algorithm (SBA) for the automatic identification of vertebral fractures. Methods: The study included 144 participants (50 individuals with a fracture and 94 without a fracture) whose plain thoracolumbar spine X-rays were taken. Clinical diagnosis of vertebral fracture (grade 0 to 3) was made by rheumatologists using Genant's semiquantitative method. The SBA algorithm was developed to determine the ratio of vertebral body height loss. Based on the ratio, SBA classifies a vertebra into 4 classes: 0 = normal, 1 = mild fracture, 2 = moderate fracture, 3 = severe fracture). The concordance between clinical diagnosis and SBA-based classification was assessed at both person and vertebra levels. Results: At the person level, the SBA achieved a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 62% (95% CI, 51%–72%). At the vertebra level, the SBA achieved a sensitivity of 84% (95% CI, 72%–93%), and a specificity of 88% (95% CI, 85%–90%). On average, the SBA took 0.3 s to assess each X-ray. Conclusions: The SBA developed here is a fast and efficient tool that can be used to systematically screen for asymptomatic vertebral fractures and reduce the workload of healthcare professionals.

Bone age, the most commonly used and effective indicator for understanding children's growth and development, plays an important role in the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of various growth and development disorders. Clinically, X-rays of the left hand and wrist are mostly taken for bone age assessment, but there is a certain radiation risk. Ultrasound can clearly display the epiphysis and secondary ossification center, and conveniently perform multi-site scanning and dynamic measurement without radiation. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research and clinical application of ultrasound in bone age assessment. This article, by reviewing the latest literature, discusses the value of musculoskeletal ultrasound and quantitative ultrasound in bone age assessment, raises the problems in the study of ultrasound assessment of bone age, and suggests direction for improvement.

This paper proposes a type of double-layer charge liner fabricated using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) that has tungsten as its inner liner. The feasibility of this design was evaluated through penetration tests. Double-layer charge liners were fabricated by using CVD to deposit tungsten layers on the inner surfaces of pure T2 copper liners. The microstructures of the tungsten layers were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The feasibility analysis was carried out by pulsed X-rays, slug-retrieval test and static penetration tests. The shaped charge jet forming and penetration law of inner tungsten-coated double-layer liner were studied by numerical simulation method. The results showed that the double-layer liners could form well-shaped jets. The errors between the X-ray test results and the numerical results were within 11.07%. A slug-retrieval test was found that the retrieved slug was similar to a numerically simulated slug. Compared with the traditional pure copper shaped charge jet, the penetration depth of the double-layer shaped charge liner increased by 11.4% and >10.8% respectively. In summary, the test results are good, and the numerical simulation is in good agreement with the test, which verified the feasibility of using the CVD method to fabricate double-layer charge liners with a high-density and high-strength refractory metal as the inner liner.

Foreign bodies are objects that do not typically belong in the human body but can be ingested, inserted, or entered due to injuries. This article presents various cases and examples of foreign bodies, including objects swallowed, objects inserted into the rectum, vagina, urethra, ear, and nose, or due to injuries caused by falls, puncture wounds, and gunshot wounds. Foreign bodies can be difficult to detect, particularly if they are not inherently radio-opaque, and may be overlooked by patients who cannot provide an adequate history. These foreign bodies may cause harm to the patient. Interpretation is done on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), Ultrasonography (USG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Most foreign objects pass through the gastrointestinal tract without problem; sharp and elongated objects can cause significant injury, and even if they only partially perforate the bowel wall, they can produce chronic inflammatory processes that produce symptoms months or years later. Hence, searching for foreign bodies should be done throughout the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in children and people with mental illness who are more likely to swallow multiple items more than once. Although rare, various materials can be left behind in the body of a patient after surgery, including large and small wire sutures, surgical drains, and retained sponges, which can cause potential complications and foreign body reactions. This article highlights the importance of being aware of the presence of foreign bodies in clinical practice, and a thorough search should be carried out using different modalities, especially CT. Great suspicion and early diagnosis of foreign bodies can avoid potential complications and morbidity. In general, it provides information on the diagnosis and treatment of various types of foreign bodies.

Foreign bodies are objects that do not typically belong in the human body but can be ingested, inserted, or entered due to injuries. This article presents various cases and examples of foreign bodies, including objects swallowed, objects inserted into the rectum, vagina, urethra, ear, and nose, or due to injuries caused by falls, puncture wounds, and gunshot wounds. Foreign bodies can be difficult to detect, particularly if they are not inherently radio-opaque, and may be overlooked by patients who cannot provide an adequate history. These foreign bodies may cause harm to the patient. Interpretation is done on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), Ultrasonography (USG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Most foreign objects pass through the gastrointestinal tract without problem; sharp and elongated objects can cause significant injury, and even if they only partially perforate the bowel wall, they can produce chronic inflammatory processes that produce symptoms months or years later. Hence, searching for foreign bodies should be done throughout the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in children and people with mental illness who are more likely to swallow multiple items more than once. Although rare, various materials can be left behind in the body of a patient after surgery, including large and small wire sutures, surgical drains, and retained sponges, which can cause potential complications and foreign body reactions. This article highlights the importance of being aware of the presence of foreign bodies in clinical practice, and a thorough search should be carried out using different modalities, especially CT. Great suspicion and early diagnosis of foreign bodies can avoid potential complications and morbidity. In general, it provides information on the diagnosis and treatment of various types of foreign bodies.

BackgroundThe Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score provides robust cardiovascular disease risk prediction but upweights plaque area by a density factor. Density, however, has been shown to be inversely associated with events. Using CAC volume and density separately improves risk prediction, but it is unclear how to apply this method clinically. We aimed to evaluate the association between CAC density and cardiovascular disease across the spectrum of CAC volume to better understand how to incorporate these metrics into a single score.MethodsWe performed an analysis of MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants with detectable CAC to evaluate the association between CAC density and events by level of CAC volume using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsIn a cohort of 3316 participants, there was a significant interaction (P130 mm3 was not significant (hazard ratio, 0.82 per unit of density [95% CI, 0.55-1.22]).ConclusionsThe lower risk for CHD associated with higher CAC density varied by level of volume, and volume ≤130 mm3 is a potentially clinically useful cut point. Further study is needed to integrate these findings into a unified CAC scoring method.

NendoU from SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the virus's ability to evade the innate immune system by cleaving the polyuridine leader sequence of antisense viral RNA. Here we report the room-temperature structure of NendoU, solved by serial femtosecond crystallography at an X-ray free-electron laser to 2.6 Å resolution. The room-temperature structure provides insight into the flexibility, dynamics, and other intrinsic properties of NendoU, with indications that the enzyme functions as an allosteric switch. Functional studies examining cleavage specificity in solution and in crystals support the uridine-purine cleavage preference, and we demonstrate that enzyme activity is fully maintained in crystal form. Optimizing the purification of NendoU and identifying suitable crystallization conditions set the benchmark for future time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography studies. This could advance the design of antivirals with higher efficacy in treating coronaviral infections, since drugs that block allosteric conformational changes are less prone to drug resistance.

In macromolecular crystallographic structure refinement, ligands present challenges for the generation of geometric restraints due to their large chemical variability, their possible novel nature and their specific interaction with the binding pocket of the protein. Quantum-mechanical approaches are useful for providing accurate ligand geometries, but can be plagued by the number of minima in flexible molecules. In an effort to avoid these issues, the Quantum Mechanical Restraints (QMR) procedure optimizes the ligand geometry in situ, thus accounting for the influence of the macromolecule on the local energy minima of the ligand. The optimized ligand geometry is used to generate target values for geometric restraints during the crystallographic refinement. As demonstrated using a sample of >2330 ligand instances in >1700 protein-ligand models, QMR restraints generally result in lower deviations from the target stereochemistry compared with conventionally generated restraints. In particular, the QMR approach provides accurate torsion restraints for ligands and other entities.

The ultrashort (10s of femtoseconds) X-ray pulses generated by X-ray free electron lasers enable the measurement of X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic data from radiation-sensitive metalloenzymes at room temperature while mostly avoiding the effects of radiation damage usually encountered when performing such experiments at synchrotron sources. Here we discuss an approach to measure both X-ray emission and X-ray crystallographic data at the same time from the same sample volume. The droplet-on-tape setup described allows for efficient sample use and the integration of different reaction triggering options in order to conduct time-resolved studies with limited sample amounts. The approach is illustrated by two examples, photosystem II that catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water to oxygen, and isopenicillin N synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes the double ring cyclization of a tripeptide precursor into the β-lactam isopenicillin and can be activated by oxygen exposure. We describe the necessary steps to obtain microcrystals of both proteins as well as the operation procedure for the drop-on-tape setup and details of the data acquisition and processing involved in this experiment. At the end, we present how the combination of time-resolved X-ray emission spectra and diffraction data can be used to improve the knowledge about the enzyme reaction mechanism.

It is investigated whether molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to enhance macromolecular crystallography (MX) studies. Historically, protein crystal structures have been described using a single set of atomic coordinates. Because conformational variation is important for protein function, researchers now often build models that contain multiple structures. Methods for building such models can fail, however, in regions where the crystallographic density is difficult to interpret, for example at the protein-solvent interface. To address this limitation, a set of MD-MX methods that combine MD simulations of protein crystals with conventional modeling and refinement tools have been developed. In an application to a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase at room temperature, the procedure improved the interpretation of ambiguous density, yielding an alternative water model and a revised protein model including multiple conformations. The revised model provides mechanistic insights into the catalytic and regulatory interactions of the enzyme. The same methods may be used in other MX studies to seek mechanistic insights.

Developing in silico models that accurately reflect a whole, functional cell is an ongoing challenge in biology. Current efforts bring together mathematical models, probabilistic models, visual representations, and data to create a multi-scale description of cellular processes. A realistic whole-cell model requires imaging data since it provides spatial constraints and other critical cellular characteristics that are still impossible to obtain by calculation alone. This review introduces Soft X-ray Tomography (SXT) as a powerful imaging technique to visualize and quantify the mesoscopic (~25 nm spatial scale) organelle landscape in whole cells. SXT generates three-dimensional reconstructions of cellular ultrastructure and provides a measured structural framework for whole-cell modeling. Combining SXT with data from disparate technologies at varying spatial resolutions provides further biochemical details and constraints for modeling cellular mechanisms. We conclude, based on the results discussed here, that SXT provides a foundational dataset for a broad spectrum of whole-cell modeling experiments.

This study aimed at characterizing some properties of an Fe-Al alloy obtained from a congruent melt within 53–57 wt.% composition range. It focused on checking the homogeneity and uniqueness of the constituent's phase. Different analyses and examination techniques were used to explore and assess these properties. The obtained results were compared with those published in the literature. The obtained compound was also submitted to a verification for its homogeneity and phase uniqueness. The main results showed that the obtained alloy has a measured density similar to that reported in the literature. The water immersion method was used. Furthermore, the global and local chemical composition obtained by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), respectively, are in agreement with the concentration range of the η Fe2Al5 stoichiometric compound. Analysis by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) showed that the alloy exhibits a single transformation peak during solidification, which testifies that the phase is unique. The latter exhibits a melting temperature that is identical to that mentioned by many authors. This result is in agreement with the one obtained by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, attesting again that the phase is unique. The typical quadrupole doublet of an Al-rich paramagnetic material in the case of two different environments is represented by Mössbauer spectra. It corresponds to single-phase disordered solid solutions with a η-Fe2Al5 crystal structure. On the other hand, the measured hardness for the studied alloy reaches 912 Hv, which attests of its fragility and its grindability. This last result is supported by the SEM fracture surface analysis, which reveals an intergranular fracture of the brittle type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the radiographic anatomical relationship between tibial plateau and distal femur and evaluate the impact of reset tibial plateau of various widths after reduction of the Schatzker IV-C tibial plateau fractures on postoperative outcomes. Methods We collected and reviewed the X-ray images of the normal knees of 207 standard neutrally-positioned adults （non-fracture group） and pre-and post-operative immediate anterior-posterior X-ray images of the knees of 60 patients with Schatzker IV-C fractures （fracture group） in our hospital from August 2012 to August 2022. We measured the proximal tibial joint width （TAW）， distal femoral width （DFW), and distal femoral joint width （FAW） in both groups and calculated the TAW/DFW and TAW/ FAW ratios. In the fracture group, the cases with TAW between FAW and DFW were assigned to the well-reduced group, while those with TAW outside this range between FAW and DFW to the poorly-reduced group. Both groups were assessed using the Hospital for Special Surgery knee score （HSS） one year after operation. Results In the non-fracture group, there were no significant differences in gender or affected side in terms of TAW/DFW and TAW/FAW ratios （P > 0.05）， while in the fracture group, there were statistically significant differences in the TAW/DFW and TAW/FAW ratios compared to the non-fracture group （P < 0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in the one-year postoperative HSS scores between the well-reduced and poorly-reduced groups in the fracture group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The radiographic anatomical relationship between the tibial plateau and distal femur in normal adults is relatively constant， providing a radiological reference for resetting the tibial plateau to a satisfactory width during reduction of Schatzker IV-C fractures. TAW/DFW > 1 or TAW/FAW < 1 indicates a poor reduction of the fracture and predicts poor postoperative recovery of knee joint function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The detection of internal defects in seeds via non-destructive imaging techniques is a topic of high interest to optimize the quality of seed lots. In this context, X-ray imaging is especially suited. Recent studies have shown the feasibility of defect detection via deep learning models in 3D tomography images. We demonstrate the possibility of performing such deep learning-based analysis on 2D X-ray radiography for a faster yet robust method via the X-Robustifier pipeline proposed in this article. Results: 2D X-ray images of both defective and defect-free seeds were acquired. A deep learning model based on state-of-the-art object detection neural networks is proposed. Specific data augmentation techniques are introduced to compensate for the low ratio of defects and increase the robustness to variation of the physical parameters of the X-ray imaging systems. The seed defects were accurately detected (F1-score >90%), surpassing human performance in computation time and error rates. The robustness of these models against the principal distortions commonly found in actual agro-industrial conditions is demonstrated, in particular, the robustness to physical noise, dimensionality reduction and the presence of seed coating. Conclusion: This work provides a full pipeline to automatically detect common defects in seeds via 2D X-ray imaging. The method is illustrated on sugar beet and faba bean and could be efficiently extended to other species via the proposed generic X-ray data processing approach (X-Robustifier). Beyond a simple proof of feasibility, this constitutes important results toward the effective use in the routine of deep learning-based automatic detection of seed defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Liposarcoma (LPS) is classified into 4 subtypes. As some subtypes have a high recurrence rate, knowing the risk of recurrence before surgery is important. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between Hounsfield units (HU) derived from preoperative computed tomography (CT) and the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery. Materials and Methods: We included 32 patients who underwent surgery for LPS between 2014 and 2022. Preoperative plain CT images were collected, and the HU value of each LPS was measured. The association between 2 HU categories (HU < cut-off vs. = cut-off) and clinical variables was assessed. The optimal cut-off value was determined using statistical methods. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to determine the differences between the 2 HU categories at 2 endpoints: recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The dedifferentiated subtype showed significantly higher HU values than the other subtypes (P < .001). The optimal cut-off value for HU was 20. HU < 20 was associated with young age, low-performance status, low Charlson Comorbidity Index, and well-differentiated pathology. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that RFS and OS were significantly shorter in patients with HU = 20 than in those with HU < 20 (P = .007 and .04, respectively). However, when stratified based on subtype, no significant differences were observed between dedifferentiated and other subtypes. Conclusion: HU = 20 on preoperative CT was associated with poor prognosis in LPS patients. Our findings suggest that preoperative CT-derived HU values may serve as useful predictors of prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploratory research was carried out on the ethyl acetate extract derived from the soft coral Capnella imbricata, sourced from the southeastern waters of Taiwan. This investigation yielded the isolation of three sterol-related compounds (1-3). Among these compounds, one previously unidentified metabolite, designated as 4ß-hydroxy-24-methylene-5-cholesten-7-one (1), was discovered, along with two known metabolites, namely, 3ß-hydroxy-24-methylene-5-cholesten-7-one (2) and gorgostan-5,25-dien-3ß-ol (3). The structures of these isolated metabolites were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. Furthermore, the relative stereochemistry of metabolite 3 was established for the first time in this study using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The potential anti-inflammatory properties of metabolites 1-3 were evaluated by investigating their ability to suppress the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection and characterization of hidden defects, impurities, and damages in homogeneous materials like aluminum die casting materials, as well as composite materials like Fiber–Metal Laminates (FML), is still a challenge. This work discusses methods and challenges in data-driven modeling of automated damage and defect detectors using measured X-ray single- and multi-projection images. Three main issues are identified: Data and feature variance, data feature labeling (for supervised machine learning), and the missing ground truth. It will be shown that simulation of synthetic measuring data can deliver a ground truth dataset and accurate labeling for data-driven modeling, but it cannot be used directly to predict defects in manufacturing processes. Noise has a significant impact on the feature detection and will be discussed. Data-driven feature detectors are implemented with semantic pixel Convolutional Neural Networks. Experimental data are measured with different devices: A low-quality and low-cost (Low-Q) X-ray radiography, a typical industrial mid-quality X-ray radiography and Computed Tomography (CT) system, and a state-of-the-art high-quality μ-CT device. The goals of this work are the training of robust and generalized data-driven ML feature detectors with synthetic data only and the transition from CT to single-projection radiography imaging and analysis. Although, as the title implies, the primary task is pore characterization in aluminum high-pressure die-cast materials, but the methods and results are not limited to this use case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Re-expansion pulmonary edema is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication that can occur after the rapid re-expansion of a collapsed lung due to pneumothorax or pleural effusion. It has a multifactorial pathogenesis, and risk factors for re-expansion pulmonary edema, such as chronic lung collapse, rapid re-expansion, and changes in pulmonary vascular permeability, have been identified. Clinical manifestations vary, ranging from almost asymptomatic to a rapidly fatal condition, and its incidence may be more common and less fatal than previously believed. The literature emphasizes the importance of early recognition and management to ensure favorable outcomes. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the indications for ventilatory support and the timing of non-invasive or invasive ventilation. Herein, we report a case series of three paradigmatic examples of massive re-expansion pulmonary edema occurring over a period of 10 years in our institution among a population of 815 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. We also conducted a literature review on re-expansion pulmonary edema, with a particular focus on diagnosis and management. In each case, despite initially normal clinical parameters, severe respiratory distress developed following the insertion of a thoracic drainage tube for a massive spontaneous pneumothorax. Two patients required High-Flow Nasal Oxygen, and one was addressed to intensive management, including CPAP. In all cases, the patient's outcome was optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: This study assessed the relationship between cervical spine parameters taken on standing full-spine lateral radiographic images compared to sectional lateral cervical radiographs. (2) Methods: Full-spine (FS) and sectional lateral cervical (LC) radiographs from four spine treatment facilities across the USA retrospectively provided data collected on 220 persons to assess the comparison of three sagittal cervical radiographic measurements between the two views. The measures included cervical lordosis using the absolute rotation angle from C2-C7, sagittal cervical translation of C2-C7, and atlas plane angle to horizontal. Linear correlation and R2 models were used for statistical comparison of the measures for the two views. (3) Results: The mean values of the three measurements were statistically different from each other: C2-C7 translation (FS = 19.84 ± 11.98 vs. LC = 21.18 ± 11.8), C2-C7 lordosis (FS = −15.3 ± 14.63 vs. LC = −18.32 ± 13.16), and atlas plane (FS = −19.99 ± 8.88 vs. LC = −22.56 ± 8.93), where all values were p < 0.001. Weak-to-moderate-to-strong correlations existed between the full-spine and sectional lateral cervical radiographic variables. The R2 values varied based on the measurement were R2 = 0.768 (p < 0.001) for sagittal cervical translation of C2-C7 (strong), R2 = 0.613 (p < 0.001) for the absolute rotation angle C2-C7 (moderate), and R2 = 0.406 (p < 0.001) for the atlas plane line (weak). Though a linear correlation was identified, there were consistent intra-person differences between the measurements on the full spine versus sectional lateral cervical radiographic views, where the full-spine view consistently underestimated the magnitude of the variables. (4) Conclusion: Key sagittal cervical radiographic measurements on the full spine versus sectional lateral cervical radiographic views show striking intra-person differences. The findings of this study confirm that full spine versus sectional lateral cervical radiographic views provide different biomechanical magnitudes of cervical sagittal alignment, and caution should be exercised by health care providers as these are not interchangeable. We recommend the LC view for measurement of cervical sagittal alignment variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and X-ray guided closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Methods: In this retrospective study, clinical data from 90 patients who underwent PFO occlusion surgery in the First People's Hospital of Yongkang from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 43 patients underwent X-ray guided PFO occlusion surgery (X-ray group) while 47 patients underwent TTE guided PFO occlusion surgery (TTE group). Perioperative, cardiac function related indicators were measured before and after treatment, along with right-to-left shunting status, and incidence of complications in both groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the duration of surgery or hospitalization between the TTE group and the X-ray group (p>0.05). After treatment, the cardiac function indicators of both groups increased compared to before treatment (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). After treatment, right-to-left shunting in the two groups improved compared to before treatment (p<0.05), with no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: TTE guided PFO occlusion is as effective as X-ray guided PFO occlusion in the treatment of PFO. TTE surgery is clinically beneficial for reducing radiation damage with a good safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrons in circular motion emit electromagnetic radiation and lose their energy and angular momentum, both of which are carried away by the radiation field. Electromagnetic radiation from such electrons is not only circularly polarized but also, in general, possessing helical phase structure, the former of which corresponds to spin angular momentum and the latter orbital angular momentum. Based on the classical electrodynamics, we show that the chiral topological property related to the orbital angular momentum arises from deformation of the electromagnetic field due to the relativistic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some cognitive abilities are suggested to be the result of a complex social life, allowing individuals to achieve higher fitness through advanced strategies. However, most evidence is correlative. Here, we provide an experimental investigation of how group size and composition affect brain and cognitive development in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). For 6 months, we reared sexually mature females in one of 3 social treatments: a small conspecific group of 3 guppies, a large heterospecific group of 3 guppies and 3 splash tetras (Copella arnoldi)—a species that co-occurs with the guppy in the wild, and a large conspecific group of 6 guppies. We then tested the guppies' performance in self-control (inhibitory control), operant conditioning (associative learning), and cognitive flexibility (reversal learning) tasks. Using X-ray imaging, we measured their brain size and major brain regions. Larger groups of 6 individuals, both conspecific and heterospecific groups, showed better cognitive flexibility than smaller groups but no difference in self-control and operant conditioning tests. Interestingly, while social manipulation had no significant effect on brain morphology, relatively larger telencephalons were associated with better cognitive flexibility. This suggests alternative mechanisms beyond brain region size enabled greater cognitive flexibility in individuals from larger groups. Although there is no clear evidence for the impact on brain morphology, our research shows that living in larger social groups can enhance cognitive flexibility. This indicates that the social environment plays a role in the cognitive development of guppies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a promising process of direct transformation of CH4 to ethylene instead of a complicated two-step process in terms of first forming syngas through reforming or partial oxidation and then producing ethylene with Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Na2WO4 has been one of the most studied catalysts of OCM. Here we investigated how the introduced transition metal elements Co, Mn, or Mo to Na2WO4 could influence the catalytic performance of OCM on the supported Na2WO4. It is found that Co, Mn and Mo can obviously promote catalytic activity of transforming CH4 and selectivity for producing ethylene and ethane in OCM performed on Na2WO4 supported on microporous silicate-1 (S-1). A similar promotion of Co, Mn and Mo to the catalytic activity and selectivity in OCM performed on Na2WO4 was found when the Na2WO4 was supported on Matériaux de l′Institut Lavoisier-53(Al) [MIL-53(Al)]. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy studies of these catalysts with added transition metal Co, Mn or Mo show that these metals diffused into the lattice of Na2WO4, further suggesting that the promotional effect likely arises from modification of the active phase of the supported Na2WO4 during OCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) is not recommended as the diagnostic modality of choice for anterior mediastinal lymphoma, despite its advantages of minimal invasiveness and easy accessibility. Purpose: To identify the modifiable risk factors for non-diagnostic results from CT-guided PTNB for anterior mediastinal lymphoma. Material and Methods: This retrospective study identified CT-guided PTNB for anterior mediastinal lesions diagnosed as lymphoma between May 2007 and December 2021. The diagnostic sensitivity and complications were investigated. The appropriateness of PTNB targeting was evaluated using positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and images from intra-procedural CT-guided PTNB. Targeting was considered inappropriate when the supposed trajectory of the cutting needle was within a region of abnormally low metabolism. The risk factors for non-diagnostic results were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 67 PTNBs in 60 patients were included. The diagnostic sensitivity for lymphoma was 76.1% (51/67), with an immediate complication rate of 4.5% (3/67). According to the PET/CT images, PTNB targeting was inappropriate in 10/14 (71.4%) of the non-diagnostic PTNBs but appropriate in all diagnostic PTNBs (P <0.001). Inappropriate targeting was the only significant risk factor for non-diagnostic results (odds ratio = 203.69; 95% confidence interval = 8.17–999.99; P = 0.001). The number of specimen acquisitions was not associated with non-diagnostic results (P = 0.40). Conclusions: Only inappropriate targeting of the non-viable portion according to PET/CT was an independent risk factor for non-diagnostic results. Acquiring PET/CT scans before biopsy and targeting the viable portion on PET/CT may help improve the diagnostic sensitivity of PTNB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition and structure of Sherobod quartz sand and man-made waste were fully investigated using chemical, scanning electron microscope, X-ray, infrared spectroscopic and differential thermal analysis methods. It was found that the content of lead and manganese oxides in Handiza lead concentrate and manganese waste is 25 - 26 %, respectively, and silicon oxide in Sherabad quartz sand is more than 80 %. According to the results of chemical and physico-chemical analyzes of Sherabad quartz sand and man-made waste, it was found that they can be added as glass components by cleaning them from various additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review discusses the utilization of metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials in X‐ray direct imaging detectors for medical application. Compared to traditional semiconductors, MHP has multiple advantages including high linear attenuation coefficient, low exciton binding energy, long carrier diffusion length, and high carrier mobility. These ascendancies allow for low‐dose and high‐resolution medical imaging. Apartment from a historical overview of the develop‐X‐ray direct imaging detectors and their performance indicators, this review specifically focuses on the development and innovation of X‐ray direct imaging detectors using MHP materials. The article concludes by identifying existing challenges and discussing the potential application of perovskite X‐ray direct imaging detectors in the medical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Verrucas that occur on the soles of the feet are called plantar warts, most of which can recur repeatedly and are difficult to eradicate. Hypertrophic and refractory plantar warts are often accompanied by pain and discomfort, which cause many inconveniences in patients' daily lives. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of superficial radiotherapy (SRT‐100) on refractory plantar warts and further create favorable conditions for the subsequent treatment of this disease with a high recurrence rate. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for refractory plantar warts treated with superficial radiotherapy in our outpatient department from January to June 2023. Results: A total of 30 patients were included in our study (median age, 33 years). The female‐to‐male ratio was 1:3.29. Two to six months after radiotherapy, all of the warts subsided in 23 (76.67%) patients, most of the warts subsided in 4 (13.33%) patients, 3 (10%) patients did not respond to treatment, and 7 (23.33%) patients had recurrent or new warts after their warts subsided. Conclusions: Most patients with refractory plantar warts improved after superficial radiotherapy. Our study presented that men are more susceptible to plantar warts than women, and young and middle‐aged people are the main population affected by the disease. Superficial radiotherapy is an effective treatment for refractory plantar warts, which can quickly remove the warts in a short period. It is safe and noninvasive, with minimal adverse reactions. Some patients relapse after the lesion is clear, and superficial radiotherapy can create favorable conditions for the subsequent treatment of viral warts in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunogenic dying tumor cells hold promising prospects as cancer vaccines to activate systemic immunity against both primary and metastatic tumors. Especially, X-ray- induced dying tumor cells are rich in highly immunogenic tumor-associated antigens and self-generated dsDNA as potent adjuvants. However, we found that the X-ray induction process can result in the excessive exposure of phosphatidylserine in cancer vaccines, which can specifically bind with the MerTK receptor on macrophages, acting as a "checkpoint" to facilitate immune silence in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we developed a novel strategy combining X-ray-induced cancer vaccines with UNC2250, a macrophage MerTK "checkpoint inhibitor," for treating peritoneal carcinomatosis in colon cancer. By incorporating UNC2250 into the treatment regimen, immunosuppressive efferocytosis of macrophages, which relies on MerTK-directed recognition of phosphatidylserine on vaccines, was effectively blocked. Consequently, the immune analysis revealed that this combination strategy promoted the maturation of dendritic cells and M1-like repolarization of macrophages, thereby simultaneously eliciting robust adaptive and innate immunity. This innovative approach utilizing X-ray-induced vaccines combined with a checkpoint inhibitor may provide valuable insights for developing effective cancer vaccines and immunotherapies targeting colon cancer. Frozen dying tumor cells (FDT) combined with efferocytosis inhibitors can mobilize dendritc cells and macrophages simultaneously, thereby eliciting robust innate and adaptive immunity against peritoneal carcinomatosis in colon cancer. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Establishing a surgical plan for ankle deformities necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the deforming forces involved, and the morphology of the ankle deformity plays an important role as well. Valgus tibiotalar tilt development has mostly been described in patients with a low medial longitudinal arch, as seen in progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD). However, some valgus ankles demonstrate no radiographic evidence of a collapsed medial arch. This study aims to investigate whether there are differences in the radiographic morphology of valgus ankle deformities between patients with and without a low medial longitudinal arch to explore if they have different etiologies. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent surgical treatment for asymmetric valgus ankle deformity at our institution between 2017 and 2021. Patients with a valgus tibiotalar tilt (TT) greater than 4 degrees and Meary angle greater than 30 degrees (mean: 38.9) were included in the PCFD group (n = 29). The non-PCFD group (n = 24) with TT greater than 4 degrees and Meary angle less than 4 degrees (mean: 0.3) was also established. In the weightbearing ankle anteroposterior view, the TT and medial distal tibial angle were measured. Additionally, to assess the mediolateral position of the talus, the talar center migration (TCM) and lateral talar dome–plafond distance (LTD-P) ratio in the coronal plane were measured. In weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT), the degree of axial plane talocalcaneal subluxation and the prevalence of sinus tarsi bony impingement were assessed. Intergroup comparison was conducted. Results: Both groups demonstrated a similar degree of TT, with a mean of 11.6 degrees in the PCFD group and 13.7 degrees in the non-PCFD group (P =.2330). However, the PCFD group showed a significantly greater TCM and LTD-P ratio compared with those of the non-PCFD group (P <.0001), indicating that PCFD patients have a more medially translated talus in ankle anteroposterior radiographs. WBCT showed that the PCFD group on average had 18 degrees greater axial plane talocalcaneal subluxation (P <.0001) and 52% higher prevalence of sinus tarsi bony impingement (P =.0002) compared with the non-PCFD group. Conclusion: This study suggests that valgus ankles may exhibit different radiographic morphologies depending on the status of the longitudinal arch. Valgus ankles in PCFD patients tend to have a more medially translated talus. This finding may suggest the presence of different deforming forces between the 2 groups and may indicate the need for different treatment strategies to address talar tilt. Level of Evidence: Level III, case-control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super-resolution (SR) techniques have revolutionized the field of biomedical applications by detailing the structures at resolutions beyond the limits of imaging or measuring tools. These techniques have been applied in various biomedical applications, including microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), X-ray, electroencephalogram (EEG), ultrasound, etc. SR methods are categorized into two main types: traditional non-learning-based methods and modern learning-based approaches. In both applications, SR methodologies have been effectively utilized on biomedical images, enhancing the visualization of complex biological structures. Additionally, these methods have been employed on biomedical data, leading to improvements in computational precision and efficiency for biomedical simulations. The use of SR techniques has resulted in more detailed and accurate analyses in diagnostics and research, essential for early disease detection and treatment planning. However, challenges such as computational demands, data interpretation complexities, and the lack of unified high-quality data persist. The article emphasizes these issues, underscoring the need for ongoing development in SR technologies to further improve biomedical research and patient care outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aims to investigate the ability of CaNa2EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) macroparticles and nanoparticles to treat cadmium-induced toxicity in female rats and to compare their efficacies. Forty rats were divided into 4 equal groups: control, cadmium, cadmium + CaNa2EDTA macroparticles and Cd + CaNa2EDTA nanoparticles. Cadmium was added to the drinking water in a concentration of 30 ppm for 10 weeks. CaNa2EDTA macroparticles and nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected during the last 4 weeks of the exposure period. Every two weeks, blood and urine samples were collected for determination of urea, creatinine, metallothionein and cadmium concentrations. At the end of the experiment, the skeleton of rats was examined by X-ray and tissue samples from the kidney and femur bone were collected and subjected to histopathological examination. Exposure to cadmium increased the concentrations of urea and creatinine in the serum and the concentrations of metallothionein and cadmium in serum and urine of rats. A decrease in bone mineralization by X-ray examination in addition to various histopathological alterations in the kidney and femur bone of Cd-intoxicated rats were also observed. Treatment with both CaNa2EDTA macroparticles and nanoparticles ameliorated the toxic effects induced by cadmium on the kidney and bone. However, CaNa2EDTA nanoparticles showed a superior efficacy compared to the macroparticles and therefore can be used as an effective chelating antidote for treatment of cadmium toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Bone age determination is a valuable method for forensic and disaster identifications of unknown human remains, as well as for medical and surgical procedural purposes. This retrospective research study aimed to determine the age based on epiphyseal fusion stages and investigate differences related to gender. Materials and Methods: X-rays of the knee were collected from medical imaging centers in hospitals in the south of Jordan and examined by two observers who determined the bone epiphyseal phase of closure for the femur, tibia, and fibula bone ends close to the knee based on a three-stage classification. Results: The main results revealed that females showed earlier epiphyseal union (Stage II) at the lower end of the femur and the upper ends of the tibia and fibula compared to males. In males, the start of complete union (Stage III) at knee bones was seen at the age of 17–18 years, while in females, it was seen at the age of 16–17 years. Additionally, knee bones showed complete union in 100% of males and females in the age groups 21–22 years and 20–21 years, respectively. Although females showed an earlier start and end of epiphyseal complete union than males, analysis of collected data showed no significant age differences between males and females at the three stages of epiphyseal union of the knee bones. Conclusions: Findings of the radiographic analysis of bone epiphyseal fusion at the knee joint are a helpful method for chronological age determination. This study supports the gender and ethnicity variation among different geographical locations. Studies with a high sample number would be needed to validate our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the constant advancement of electronic science and technology, accurate failure analysis has become crucial to meeting stringent quality standards in surface mount (SMT) products. Reflow soldering is commonly used in the SMT industry due to its efficiency and low failure rate. However, visual inspection is limited, especially for ball grid array (BGA) joints, requiring X-ray techniques for complete, non-destructive analysis. Although X-ray image analysis algorithms have been employed to improve defect detection, some still need to meet quality requirements, resulting in additional manual inspections. The high dimensionality and variations in X-ray images present additional challenges for detection algorithms. This study proposes a new computer-assisted inspection approach to accurately detect flaws in solder joints of SMD components using an X-ray scanning system. This approach aims to improve image interpretation and reduce workload manual. X-ray technology applied to BGA seeks to improve the accuracy of image analysis, enabling the detection of various faults, such as BGA ball connections, interconnections on printed circuit boards, and filling faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibitory effects of veralipride, a benzamide‐class antipsychotic acting as dopamine D2 receptors antagonist incorporates a primary sulfonamide moiety and was investigated for its interactions with carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms. In vitro profiling using the stopped‐flow technique revealed that veralipride exhibited potent inhibitory activity across all tested hCA isoforms, with exception of hCA III. Comparative analysis with standard inhibitors, acetazolamide (AAZ), and sulpiride, provided insights for understanding the relative efficacy of veralipride as CA inhibitor. The study reports the X‐ray crystal structure analysis of the veralipride adduct with three human (h) isoforms, hCA I, II, and CA XII mimic, allowing the understanding of the molecular interactions rationalizing its inhibitory effects against each isoform. These findings contribute to our understanding of veralipride pharmacological properties and for the design of structural analogs endowed with polypharmacological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic compounds encompass a diverse array of molecules that exhibit remarkable chemical activity and play pivotal roles across various scientific domains. Coumarins represent a diverse class of heterocyclic compounds, which exhibit a wide range of significant biological and pharmacological activities, while containing at least two aromatic rings in their structure. Because chemical, biological, as well as pharmacological properties and activities are highly dependent on the structural characteristics of the molecule, in this paper a detailed structural investigation of the monocrystal structure of newly synthesized (E)-N′-(1-(2,4-dioxochroman-3-ylidene)ethyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide was performed. The DFT model that is best suited for describing the structural parameters of coumarin-benzohydrazides was determined. Out of three tested models which were previously proven to be excellent in describing structures of organic compounds, B3LYP-D3BJ was found to be the best in describing the structure of investigated coumarin derivative in regard to the obtained X-ray and spectroscopic data. Determination of the best theoretical model allows for better structural characterization of the coumarin-benzohydrazides for which monocrystals and consequently X-ray structure cannot be obtained. Finally, both experimental and computational analysis indicated (with high mutual correlation) that investigated compound showed excellent binding potential toward the albumin, indicating good distribution through the organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Computed tomography CT scan is a medical device used in diagnosis; however, the radiation of CT will affect the human body such as blood components. Materials and Methods: In this study, the blood component of diabetic patients will examine the effect of CT radiation on blood components by withdrawing samples of 2 cc from diabetes patients’ blood before and after a CT scan on the body for patients who are exposed to the head, chest, and abdomen. Results: There were no significant statistical differences were between blood counts (WBC, RBC, and Hg) before and after the CT scan for the head, chest, and abdomen. Conclusions: The main conclusion of the current study is that, depending on the results, the CT scan is safe for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]