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Dispersed wind power is undoubtedly assisting sustainable development of society but hindered by various factors. To promote the development of dispersed wind power, this paper is devoted to obstacles identification and analysis to provide effective development proposals. Firstly, a three-stage process (namely collection, screening and improvement) is developed to extract common obstacles from literature and explore unique obstacles according to the characteristics and development status of dispersed wind power. Then, DANP method is improved to analyze interaction, interrelation and relative importance among filtered obstacles, where Pythagorean fuzzy numbers and K-Means clustering algorithm are introduced to modify incomplete information collection and arbitrary threshold determination, respectively. Three reasonable thresholds are determined according to clustering results, which divide the influence degree among obstacles into four categories (namely, high, moderate, low and no influence). The analysis results indicate that lagged unified planning ranks the first of obstacles, followed by financial difficulty and restricted grid access. On that basis, some practical proposals on regional coordinated development are suggested, including building unified coordination platforms and forming dispersed wind power project group. This paper does not only enrich material database for scholars, but also provide reference and guidance for government and related enterprises. • Twelve obstacle factors are identified for the development of dispersed wind power in China. • Pythagorean fuzzy numbers is introduced in DANP to increase the flexibility of decision makers' evaluation. • K-Means cluster algorithm is applied to determine thresholds of different influence degrees for further in-depth analysis. • A series of proposals on regional coordinated development for dispersed wind power are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising offshore multi-energy complementary system, wave-wind-solar-compressed air energy storage (WW-S-CAES) can not only solve the shortcomings of traditional offshore wind power, but also play a vital role in the complementary of different renewable energy sources to promote energy sustainable development in coastal area. However, as a new type of energy conversion system, the construction and operation risks of WW-S-CAES project faced by project managers are variable, complex and long term, which requires synthetic assessment and target responses. To evaluate WW-S-CAES project risk along low carbon development in this paper, 14 critical criteria in management, economy and environment are firstly identified. Then, a target risk assessment framework is established through hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets improved triangular fuzzy number and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Result indicates that the risk level of offshore WW-S-CAES is closer to middle high, and the management risk and economy risk occupy the determinant position. Based on this, targeted risk response strategies are proposed for decision makers to realize reasonable allocation of resources and appropriate risk aversion. Furthermore, since the risk analysis of offshore WW-S-CAES power plant has not been paid enough attention, this paper expands the knowledge and contributes to the literature. • Explore the risk status of Wave-Wind-Solar-Compressed air energy storage power plant. • Key risk factors influence on Wave-Wind-Solar-Compressed air energy storage plant. • Assess project risk via a scientific and targeted fuzzy synthetic framework. • Current risk level of Wave-Wind-Solar-Compressed air energy storage is undesirable. • Risk response strategies are reliable for decision makers to realize risk aversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Evaluate promising energy storage technologies for three application sides in grid. • Establish a two-stage decision making framework for renewable energy planning. • Solve the portfolio planning of renewable energy and energy storage for grid. • Obtain the joint planning strategies for the public investors. Portfolio planning of renewable energy industry with energy storage technologies is the key to meeting the different and increasing application demands from electricity grid. However, it is a difficult and fuzzy problem because of the complex interaction between renewable energy and energy storage technologies, various applications from electricity grid, and uncertain decision environment, which has not been solved simultaneously so far. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage planning framework based on fuzzy multi-criteria-decision-making techniques to select the most promising renewable energy with energy storage portfolio from the aspects of energy generation, transmission and terminal application. Firstly, three types and thirteen special energy storage technology application scenarios are distinguished, and the superiorities of the typical energy storage technologies are evaluated from the generation, transmission and terminal applications via interval fuzzy number based PROMETHEE-II. On this basis, an eight-step fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making framework is adopted to study the portfolio models with six promising renewable energy and the selected energy storage technology combinations. The result shows that photovoltaic still dominate in the application of renewable energy. "Photovoltaic & CAES" in generation, "Hydropower & CAES" in generation, "Wind & CAES" in generation, "Photovoltaic & CAES, HFC" in generation, "Photovoltaic & Ni-Cd battery" in transmission, "Photovoltaic & CAES and Ni-Cd battery" in terminal application are better solutions for government or decision makers to further comprehensively plan the large-scale application of clean energy in the grid. Besides, portfolios with complementary effects are identified and analyzed separately. This research contributes to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficulty in power supply has always been the main factor hindering the sustainable development of islands. It is an effective way to address the energy supply issue of off-grid islands by building island microgrid system with abundant renewable energy, such as wind energy and solar energy. However, island microgrids offer a mix of the high penetration rate of renewable energy and the complex island environment, being confronted with many challenges in the whole life cycle. To implement the project smoothly and make full use of the advantages of renewable energy-based island microgrids, a risk assessment must be incorporated. In this study, based on a three-dimensional model, we take a holistic view of identifying risks that includes four categories (technical, economic, environmental and social aspects). Later, a reasonable and applicable risk assessment framework is constructed, in which the fuzziness and randomness of information are taken into consideration. The hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set is used to endow the index evaluation information, and the cloud model is used to transform the evaluation information. The final results show that the overall risk level of China's island microgrids is "Slightly High", particularly in the technical aspect. Furthermore, corresponding mitigation strategies are put forward. This study conducts a comprehensive study on the risk assessment and risk response measures of island microgrids, which is conducive to deal with potential risks, thereby to minimize the loss and promote the island microgrid development. Image 1 • A novel risk assessment framework for island microgrid projects is established. • HFLTS and cloud model are combined to dispose of information uncertainty. • Risk identification adopts a three-dimension framework. • The results show that the comprehensive risk level of China's island microgrid is slightly high. • Precautions against each risk are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Propose a stable and efficient critical features analysis and portfolio model. • Identify the development situations of different energy storage technologies. • Establish a scientific and comprehensive energy storage optimal planning framework. • Formulate the optimal planning strategies for electricity grid energy storage. • Put forward recommendations for the development direction of each energy storage. Planning rational and profitable energy storage technologies (ESTs) for satisfying different electricity grid demands is the key to achieve large renewable energy penetration in management. The complexity related to the planning of ESTs lies in diversities of different ESTs properties, uniqueness and varieties of electricity grid demands and uncertainties of the decision-making environment. However, existing research cannot solve above problems simultaneously. To fill such gap, this paper focuses on the optimal planning of various ESTs considering thirteen demand scenarios in electricity grid through establishing a three stage multi criteria decision making framework under the uncertain environment. Firstly, critical features of ESTs in technology and application conditions and constrains (TCC, ACC) are identified and deeply analyzed integrating with the characteristics of thirteen ESTs demand scenarios by cluster analysis and correlation text. Following that, a three-stage planning framework is established in TCC, ACC and comprehensive aspect through a Lagrange optimized comprehensive subjective and objective weight determination model based interval fuzzy number (IVFN) and interval intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFN) – PROMETHEE-II model. The results show that the optimal planning vary with the demand scenarios from electricity grid. This research has important guiding significance for overall planning and application management of renewable energy and ESTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A model is proposed for the effectiveness assessment of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei APPC after implementing the "2 + 26 Cities" policy. • A novel index system is established from four dimensions: supervisory, environment, society and economy. • The combined weight method and grey fuzzy synthetic evaluation are applied for the effectiveness assessment. • The fuzzy theories are utilized to improve the description of the index information. • Sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis verify the reliability of the results. China has implemented the "2 + 26 Cities" policy for the air pollution collaborative supervision in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, it is necessary to conduct an effectiveness assessment of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei air pollution prevention and control (APPC). Therefore, this paper proposes a complete evaluation model for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei APPC to solve this problem and help decision makers (DMs) reasonably allocate limited resources. First of all, we establish an index system which consists of four parts: supervisory capacity, environmental effects, social effects and economic effects. Second, triangle intuitionistic fuzzy number (TIFN) is applied to describe the index data to better adapt the actual situation. Third, combining Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) with the entropy methods, the approach is utilized to calculate the index weights. Fourth, considering DMs' evaluation greyscale, grey fuzzy synthetic evaluation eliminates the defects caused by subjective preferences to a certain extent, which makes the evaluation results more reasonable. Fifth, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are performed to verify the reliability of evaluation results. Finally, the effectiveness assessment results show the overall Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei APPC is good, and we put forward some policy implications to further improve Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei APPC level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low-speed wind farms (LSWFs) has been recognized as the most promising option for onshore wind power project in the future. However, existing research on hilly LSWFs is still insufficient, and site selection is a vital in the construction of LSWF projects. This paper proposes a decision framework to provide investors with guidance for LSWF site selection in hilly areas. First, an indicator system that complies with the peculiarities of hilly LSWF projects has been established from the sustainability perspective. Second, the indicator data are collected by adopting hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs) to ensure the completeness of the data. Third, considering the impact of subjective preferences and objective fairness on the indicator weights, a method combining the extended triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number-decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (TIFN-DEMATEL) method and the entropy weight method for multiple data types is used to determine the indicator weights. Fourth, an acronym in Portuguese for interactive multi-criteria decision-making (TODIM), which takes the psychological characteristics of decision makers (DMs) into account, is applied to rank alternative sites. Finally, a case study in the eastern China is illustrated to demonstrate the rationality of the decision framework. • A framework is established for location decision of low-speed wind farm projects in hilly areas based on fuzzy theories. • A novel indicator system concerning the evaluation analysis is established from the sustainability perspective. • The combination weights and the improved ranking method are applied to select the optimal alternative site. • The fuzzy theories are utilized to ameliorate the collection and description of data information. • An empirical study is provided to verify the practicability of the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to make full use of wind and photovoltaic (PV) power to reduce the dependence on power grid for integrated energy system (IES) is a key problem to be studied. Besides, it is critical to analyze and evaluate the comprehensive performance of such systems. However, existing research does not consider the participants involved, and not retain inherent uncertainty in evaluation process. To bridge these issues, this study develops a gas-wind-PV-hydrogen IES, in which the power generated by wind turbines and PV is fully utilized without access to the power grid, to minimize the dependence. Then, a model based on multi-criteria decision-making approach with dual uncertainty and considers multi-participant interest preference is constructed to analyze the comprehensive performance of typical schemes. The model discusses the performance of the system from the aspects of energy utilization, environment, economy, technology, and society. It is noteworthy that the dual uncertainty of the qualitative information is retained through hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets and cloud model. The analysis results indicate that carbon dioxide emission reduction is a vital indicator of environmental performance. Furthermore, with the introduction of hydrogen energy storage, the energy comprehensive utilization rate in all schemes is over 49%, and the best scheme even reaches 57%. Ranking results show that the scheme integrate wind power system has the best performance. Finally, scenario analysis proves the necessity of considering the multi-participant interest preference. It also reflects that government supports the layout of PV, and the scheme combined with PV has great social performance. This paper provides insights for the IES to optimize renewable energy, and gives a practical model to analyze the comprehensive performance of the system. • A gas-wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen park-level integrated energy system is developed. • A MCDM approach-based model is established to analyze and evaluate typical schemes. • HFLTS with credibility is combined with cloud model to reflect the dual uncertainty. • The effect of multi-participant interest preference on results is discussed in depth. • Results show the scheme with high wind turbine ratio has great overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waste-to-energy project has been concerned a lot due to its environmental friendliness. With the implementation of refuse classification, the utilization rate of resources has been improved and the comprehensive benefit of incineration power plant has been impacted as well. Thus, to assess the incineration power plant performance from refuse classification perspective, the article constructs a complete decision framework. Firstly, 13 sub-criteria are identified into 3 categories and the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTS) is employed to ensure the completeness of evaluation information. Secondly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and entropy method are combined to obtain the indexes weights, avoiding the subjectivity in weight judgment. Thirdly, based on principle of fuzzy relation synthesis, fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method is used to calculate the final result. A case study is carried out to validate the applicability of the proposed framework. In addition, the article puts forward suggestions in economics, environment and society to improve the overall benefit of incineration power plant. From a new perspective, this paper provides a theoretical reference for the future development of incineration power plants and expands literature in benefit evaluation. • A decision framework for incineration power plant comprehensive benefit evaluation from refuse classification perspective. • A novel index system for incineration power plant comprehensive benefit evaluation is established. • HFLTS, TFN, combined weight method and FSE method are employed in the decision-making process. • Effective improvements are proposed to raise the comprehensive benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expressway service area photovoltaic (ESAPV) projects have been greatly promoted due to the increasing passenger volume and the current development of electric vehicle industry. Site selection based on sustainability perspective is critical to the future construction of ESAPV. This paper puts forward a decision-making framework to ensure the validity of the ESAPV site selection. First, the index system meeting the characteristics of the ESAPV project is established. Second, in order to take into account the influence of subjective preference and objective justice on the results, this study chooses the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to determine the weights of first-level indicators that lack objective data support and employs an integrated weighting method to determine the weights of second-level indicators. Third, the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision making) method which considers decision makers' risk aversion psychology is extended to triangular intuitionistic fuzzy environment combined with group decision-making theory. Finally, a case study in Hebei of China is carried out to verify the practicability of the systematic framework. The results indicate that the optimal project is located in Shijiazhuang. • This study establishes a four-stage decision framework for ESAPV site selection. • The criteria system for ESAPV site selection is innovatively established. • Triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are utilized to describe the uncertainties. • DEMATEL and maximum cross-entropy are used to determine the weights of criteria. • The improved TODIM method is introduced to rank the optimal alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A model is proposed for location decision of photovoltaic charging station. • The factors for location analysis and evaluation are determined. • The fuzzy theory is used to improve collection and description of information. • An empirical study is carried out to verify the practicability of the model. • Evaluation criteria with different recession coefficients would change the results. The integration of photovoltaic (PV) power generation system and electric vehicle (EV) charging station can effectively promote the local consumption of renewable energy and reduce the indirect carbon emissions of EV. This paper aims to provide a practical model for location decision of PV charging station (PVCS) which combines geographic information system (GIS) with multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. To verify the feasibility and practicality, an empirical study was conducted in Beijing. First, seven suitable areas were selected preliminarily by suitability analysis of GIS. This stage focused on traffic flow and road distribution. Second, MCDM methods were used to further evaluation. At this stage, a comprehensive evaluation index system of natural, economic, technical and social criteria was established. Interval number, triangular fuzzy number and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set were utilized to collect and describe evaluation information. Then, the subjective and objective weights of the criteria were calculated by best-worst method and mixed information entropy method, respectively. Finally, the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and MCDM) method was used to rank the alternatives. The ranking results illustrated that alternative sites A3 and A7 are outstanding. Moreover, dual sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis proved the stability and reliability of the model. Scenario analysis expanded the application scope of TODIM method, which also showed that it is necessary to express decision preferences by setting different recession coefficients. This study can provide support for the layout of PVCS in urban, and enrich the application fields of GIS and MCDM methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method has a widely application in management and energy field. Considering the broad development prospects of offshore wind power and deficiency of integrated coastal management, a decision framework combining triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs), Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) is proposed and applied in site selection of offshore wind power station (OWPS). The aim of this study is to provide theoretical and methodological support for the site selection decision-making of coastal wind power projects and to improve the benefits of integrated coastal management. Taking six criteria (wind resources, construction, economic, environment, society, risk) and the related sub-criteria into consideration, an evaluation system of OWPS site selection is established. The optimal location scheme is determined by the decision framework in current paper. After a sensitivity analysis and a comparative analysis, the result shows that decision framework has strong robustness and feasibility. Thus, the evaluation criteria and methodology in this paper can provide a theoretical reference for the development of coastal management and offshore wind power. • The study establishes a decision framework for OWPS site selection. • A novel index system for OWPS site selection is built. • The triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are employed to dispose uncertainties. • The preference functions in PROMETHEE method have been applied practically and rank the optimal alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A practical framework is proposed to analyze and evaluate the overall performance. • Performance analysis criteria and associated calculation model are determined. • Appropriate fuzzy theory is used to improve the process of data processing and analysis. • The realistic application state of TODIM method is expanded through scenario analysis. • The results show that the wind-gas complementary scheme has an outstanding performance. This paper aims to promote the further healthy development of integrated energy system (IES) through comprehensive performance analysis and evaluation. Firstly, the criteria system for performance analysis and evaluation is constructed, including economy, environment, energy utilization, reliability and sustainability. Correspondingly, the calculation models of quantitative criteria are defined in detail. Secondly, quantitative and qualitative data are obtained by the calculation models and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets, respectively. Then, the causality and the subjective weights of criteria are analyzed based on the intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method. The objective weight is calculated by entropy method. Finally, the schemes are evaluated based on the extended TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision-making) method. The results show that the wind-gas complementary scheme A3 has the best overall performance. Furthermore, the result of scenario analysis shows that the TODIM method should set different regression coefficients to reflect the preferences of decision makers. Sufficient sensitivity analysis proves the stability and reliability of the model used in this paper; comparative analysis results show that the model has good applicability. This study provides comprehensive and quantifiable information support for integrated energy suppliers and expands the methods and applications in decision-making field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new field of offshore wind-PV-seawater pumped storage site selection is studied. • A comprehensive and novel location selection criteria system is proposed. • An extended fuzzy TODIM based two-stage decision making framework is established. • Model's effectiveness is verified by a practical case in China. • This study fills the deficiency of renewable energy research to a certain extent. Constructing an economical wind-PV-seawater pumped storage (SPS) plant is crucial to promote the complementarity of wind and PV resources in time and space dimensions and to reduce energy abandonment caused by voltage instability. It is also beneficial to realizing long-time sustainable development objectives for offshore areas and even for the whole country. To select the optimal site of wind-PV-SPS power plants with massive difficulties lying in different attitudes of decision makers to loss risk, uncertainties of decision-making environment and various attributes of evaluation alternatives, a fuzzy multi criteria decision making based a two-stage evaluation mode is proposed. Firstly, two sets of criteria systems, representing veto selection of regional resources and the conditions of sustainable development described by triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs), are established to ensure the scientificality and comprehensiveness of the evaluation process. Then, alternatives are preliminarily selected through veto identification. Afterwards, criteria weights of the second evaluation stage determined by the entropy method are incorporated within TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multiple attribute decision making) to rank potential wind-PV-SPS objects. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, a case study in China is conducted and the calculation result shows that Qingtian Bay in Zhou Shan is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Location decision of agroforestry biomass cogeneration (AFBC) project belongs to macro site selection, which is an important task in the pre-project planning stage and directly affects the subsequent economic benefits of the project. However, there are few studies on the site selection of biomass cogeneration projects. And the existing research equates the site selection of biomass cogeneration projects with that of biomass power generation projects, without distinguishing between the two, which is unreasonable. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a location decision framework for the AFBC project based on multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method. Firstly, a special evaluation criteria system is constructed for the location decision of the AFBC project, which includes three main criteria consisting of social needs, resource supply and economic factors, as well as 11 sub-criteria. Then, considering the strong independence of the criteria in the AFBC project location decision, the subjective and objective weights are determined by best-worst method (BWM) and entropy method respectively. And then multiplicative integration method is applied to calculate the comprehensive weights of the criteria to ensure the rationality. Afterwards, Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (MABAC) method is used to rank alternative locations and select the optimal. Finally, a case from Hebei Province of China is illustrated to verify the feasibility and validity of this location decision framework in practical applications. • A criteria system is constructed for the location decision of the AFBC project. • An integrated MADM method combining BWM, entropy method and MABAC is proposed. • A location decision framework for the AFBC project is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The critical risk factors of EPC-URDPV project are identified based on the 4D risk analysis. • A comprehensive risk assessment index system concerning EPC-URDPV is established. • A five-stage risk assessment framework for EPC-URDPV project is constructed. • Conduct risk assessment based on fuzzy information environment. • Fuzzy synthetic evaluation method is extendeded by the HFLTS. Promoted by the policy, urban rooftop distributed photovoltaic (URDPV) has developed rapidly in China. Besides, the government is gradually applying energy performance contracting (EPC) mode to this field making use of urban rooftop resources and energy service companies' (ECOs') technological advantages, but there are still obstacles to further development. One of the main reasons that restrict the further development of EPC-URDPV projects in China is the lack of effective risk assessment method. This paper aims to identify the critical risk factors (CRFs) for such projects, and propose a comprehensive risk assessment framework. Firstly, 11 CRFs are identified based on the literature review and 4-dimensional risk analysis to composed the risk assessment index system. Secondly, the weights of CRFs are determined by the intuitionistic fuzzy-decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (IF-DEMATEL) method. It is worth noting that this paper uses the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTS) to obtain evaluation information to ensure the completeness and fuzziness of experts' viewpoints. Then, an extended HFLTS-DEMATEL fuzzy synthetic evaluation method is used to conduct risk assessment. The evaluation results show that the risk levels of EPC-URDPV projects in most study areas are at "Medium" and "Relatively Low" state. The risk level of projects in Shanghai and Fujian is "Relatively High". Sensitivity analysis results show the stability and reliability of the model. After considering the causes of risk and relevant stakeholders, a risk response is proposed. This study can enrich the methods in the field of risk assessment and provide insightful references to PV investors, decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emissions trading system (ETS) is an important tool to promote carbon emission reduction. Accurate emission data is the basis for the comprehensive benefits of ETS. However, carbon emission companies and third-party verification agencies conspired to falsify carbon emission reports. Therefore, this paper builds a three-party game model among carbon emission companies, third-party verification agencies and the government to study rent-seeking behaviors. Moreover, the prospect theory is introduced to characterize the bounded rationality of the participants to make the game process closer to reality. On this basis, the strategy evolution trend of participants under the influence of various factors is analyzed. Finally, simulation analysis is carried out under the background of Shenzhen ETS, and suggestions are put forward for the government to develop the carbon emission report re-verification mechanism. The results show that: 1) Driven by economic benefits, carbon emission companies and third-party verification agencies have high rent-seeking intentions, which do not change with the re-verification policy; 2) Higher review probability can effectively inhibit rent-seeking behavior; 3) The choice of government strategy is related to the success rate and the cost of re-verification, and the income and penalty of rent-seeking, and these factors have obvious thresholds. • A three-party game model is constructed to analyze the optimal strategy. • Prospect theory is introduced to reflect the bounded rationality of participants. • Higher re-verification probability can effectively inhibit rent-seeking behavior. • Reasonable punishment measures are the key factors to control rent-seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clear and detailed understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of decommissioned photovoltaic (PV) systems in China, combined with a comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability benefits related to recycling and reusing these decommissioned PV components, is crucial for effectively addressing the upcoming wave of PV decommissioning in the country. There is currently insufficient research on the temporal and spatial distribution of decommissioned PV in China and its recycling. This study constructs a prediction model using random forest and BP neural network methods, characterizing the temporal and spatial evolution from 2024 to 2050 under eight scenarios. A comprehensive assessment of sustainable benefits is conducted from energy, economy, environment, and society dimensions. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)-Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC)-Multi-Attribute Based Analytic Compromise (MABAC) method ranks the comprehensive sustainability benefits of decommissioned PV recycling in each province. Results show that by 2050, decommissioned PV will range from 8.32E+10 to 1.65E+11 kg (670 to 1600 GW), or 1 to 3 times the current installed capacity. By 2030, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Gansu will be the main decommissioning areas. After 2040, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and other areas will be the main decommissioning regions. Recycling decommissioned PV will save 1.49E+15 to 3.58E+15 MJ of primary energy, create a trillion-level market, reduce GWP by 3.81E+11 to 9.11E+11 kg CO 2 eq, and create millions of jobs. Shandong Province has the highest sustainable benefits. These studies provide detailed data, theoretical support, and methodological thinking for policy formulation. The research is applicable to other countries facing decommissioned PV disposal. • Constructed a deep learning model for the decommissioned PV prediction. • Multi-dimensional sustainable benefit assessment framework for the decommissioned PV. • Particularly considered policy impacts on decommissioned PV recycling. • Clarified spatiotemporal evolution and specific recycling benefits for the decommissioned PV. • By 2050, the cumulative decommissioned PV will reach one-third of installed capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen multi-energy complementary system is proposed. • A three-stage optimization planning model for the system is constructed. • Life cycle carbon emissions accounting for main equipment of the system are given. • Based on data-driven and simulation methods to address suitability and uncertainty. • Empirical study indicates that the system has significant environmental benefits. Building clean and modern multi-energy complementary systems is a direct path to decarbonization in energy sector. The introduction of hydrogen energy with high operational flexibility enables the multi-energy complementary system to fully accommodate renewable energy. The key issues of the optimization planning of the wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen multi-energy complementary system that need to be solved are how to finely characterize the carbon reduction potential of the system, consider the uncertainty of supply and demand in the modeling process, and incorporate the energy supply business of electric vehicles into the planning. This study constructs optimization planning model with the following three progressive stages: geospatial suitability simulation based on geographic information system, uncertainty analysis based on probabilistic scene generation technology, and capacity configuration optimization. Unlike previous studies, this model measures and optimizes the carbon emissions level of the system from a lifecycle perspective. The empirical study results indicate that carbon emissions optimization from the perspective of the entire life cycle would directly affect the system configuration results. From a lifecycle perspective, the carbon emissions accounting result is about 9 times higher than that obtained only during the operation phase. Compared to the traditional distribution system, the carbon emissions of the system constructed in this study decreased by 82.75 %. In addition, considering that the system provides charging services for electric vehicles, which can reduce carbon emissions by about 93.6 % but only increase costs by about 29.4 %. The computational results justify the proposed optimization framework. This study provides optimization models for the system, and the implementation framework can support technical reference for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has enormous emission reduction potential and application prospects, it still faces many obstacles and challenges in the actual deployment and promotion process. This study aims to evaluate the spatial suitability of the CCUS layout comprehensively and deeply analyze key development obstacles to provide a scientific basis for the promotion and layout of CCUS. Therefore, this article constructs a combination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method, and Interpretive structure model (ISM). Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted on the suitability of the CCUS layout in China based on GIS technology, identifying high-potential areas. The results indicate that when the threshold is 80 % of the highest score for suitability, a total area of 1.46 million square kilometers is suitable for the CCUS project layout. When it dropped to 60 %, this data increased to 2.04 million square kilometers. These areas are mainly distributed in large basin areas with abundant resources. Secondly, the DEMATEL-ISM analysis framework is improved to systematically identify and analyze the key obstacles that constrain the promotion of CCUS in China. The results indicate that there is a very complex relationship between the obstacles that constrain the development of CCUS, with the fundamental reasons being the lagging technological level and imperfect policies and regulations. Finally, goal-oriented suggestions and response measures were proposed, and targeted analysis was conducted on high-suitability areas. This study constructed an interdisciplinary methodology interpretive model to provide decision support for the CCUS layout and targeted strategies to break through current development barriers and promote the rapid development of CCUS. • An interdisciplinary explanatory model is constructed to analyze the potential of CCUS layout and development obstacles. • Conduct the model validation using China as the empirical research region. • Identify the spatial areas suitable for CCUS layout in China. • Identify the key obstacles that hinder the development of CCUS and conduct in-depth causal and hierarchical analysis. • Policy suggestions and solutions for target-oriented CCUS layout in China are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The site selection issue of underground pumped storage power stations is studied. • An innovative and comprehensive site selection criteria system is established. • A two-stage site selection decision-making framework is constructed. • The decision-making process is based on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. • The rationality of decision-making model is verified by an actual case in Datong. With the continued transformation of the energy structure, more and more coal mines have been abandoned. The construction of underground pumped storage power stations using abandoned coal mines not only solves the problem of renovating abandoned coal mines, but also ensures a high level of photovoltaic and wind integration. However, the most basic site selection problem of underground pumped storage power plants using waste coal mines has rarely been studied due to the complexity of the technical scheme and the uncertainty of the decision environment. Therefore, a two-stage fuzzy evaluation model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, two sets of site selection index systems are established, namely the veto assessment system and the comprehensive evaluation criteria system. Triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are used for information representation. Then, the veto assessment system is applied for the initial screening of the alternatives. Afterward, the alternatives are evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation criteria system. The entropy method and step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis are utilized to calculate the objective and subjective weights respectively, and the Lagrange optimization method is used to obtain the combined weights. The sorting results of the alternatives are obtained through multi-attributive border approximation area comparison. Finally, an empirical analysis based on eight abandoned coal mines in Datong, Shanxi Province, proves the rationality of the decision-making framework. The weights of natural condition, society, resources, and economy are 29.52%, 23.83%, 28.42% and 18.23% respectively. Natural condition is the most important factor to consider when choosing the site for underground pumped storage power stations. The ranking results of the alternatives is A 5 > A 2 > A 3 > A 8 > A 7. Therefore, A 5 is the optimal location. The results have a guiding role for both governments and investors in the construction of underground pumped storage power stations and transformation of abandoned coal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Site selection is a key factor to the success of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) project. It is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem with a series of conflicting criteria involved. However, limited studies were found concerning this area and problems existing in classical MCDM methods tended to fail OTEC site selection decisions. Therefore, this paper proposes an extended MCDM method and establishes a new decision-making framework to select the optimal location. First, a comprehensive evaluation criteria system for OTEC site selection from the view of sustainability with 16 criteria involved is established. Second, feasible alternative sites for OTEC project are identified by PEST analysis. Third, an extended PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) under intuitionistic fuzzy environment is proposed to avoid compensation assumptions. During the decision process, seven groups of experts shared the work and cooperated with each other according to their backgrounds. Finally, a real case is studied and sensitive analysis is conducted, demonstrating the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method. This study can effectively improve OTEC site selection decision making quality and also extends the domains of intuitionistic fuzzy PROMETHEE applications. • A novel multi-criteria decision-making framework for site selection is proposed. • The criteria system for ocean thermal energy conversion site selection is constructed. • A case study is carried out in areas of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is vigorously developing clean energy to achieve the low-carbon strategy. Fully utilizing renewable energy to build a clean production and consumption system has become the core path. The wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen-ammonia project could fully absorb green electricity and have significant environmental benefits. However, the prerequisite for developing this project is to solve the layout problem. Firstly, a three-step method for identifying the project's critical factors to determine the analysis input is proposed for the first time. Secondly, the suitability and priority of the layout are measured by constructing the geospatial simulation and decision optimization model. Then, the three northern regions of China are selected for empirical study. Geospatial simulation provides the suitability of the overall layout of the region and identifies seven possibilities. The decision technique that considers multiple factors provides priority among possibilities. Finally, the deep analysis demonstrated the reliability and progressiveness of the model. The scenario analysis provides the sensitivity of this project to wind and solar power and discusses the impact of decision preferences on outcomes. This study presents a theoretical model and analytical framework that decision-makers can use to plan clean energy projects strategically. Furthermore, the empirical findings from this study can serve as valuable guidance for practical implementation. • A progressive two-stage decision optimization model for the project is constructed. • The constructed model identifies the project layout from suitability to priority. • A three-step method for identifying critical factors for the project is proposed. • Nineteen factors from six aspects are identified for each stage of the model. • The results of the empirical study and discussions of the project are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A three-stage geospatial multi-criteria location optimization model for IESS is constructed. • The model realizes the quantitative analysis from macro scale to micro scale. • Twenty analysis elements are identified for each stage of the model. • The traffic attraction and layout suitability of each study area are given. • The results of empirical study on the layout of IESS in Beijing are given. With the proposal and promotion of the carbon neutrality goal, the number of new energy vehicle (NEV) in China is increasing. However, the lack of supporting infrastructure hinders the rapid development of NEV industry. Policy orientation and construction cost show that it is the most realistic initiative to deploy and build integrated energy service stations (IESS) in existing oil–gas stations. The optimal deployment location of IESS is crucial, which is the strategic decision-making issue of its sustainable development. Therefore, a three-stage geospatial multi-criteria model is proposed to solve the site optimization problem of IESS for the first time. The model realizes the quantitative analysis from macro scale (market demand) to micro scale (specific site). Firstly, various analysis elements involved in the three-stage model are identified, including economy, society, population, market, natural environment, geographical conditions, traffic elements, technical impact. Secondly, the sub-models corresponding to the three stages are described in detail: regional traffic attraction sub-model (stage 1), spatial suitability analysis sub-model (stage 2) and alternative multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) sub-model (stage 3). Then, taking Beijing as the layout city, an empirical study is carried out to verify the proposed model. The results show that Haidian, Chaoyang and Fengtai District in Beijing have outstanding traffic attraction, and these three districts are determined as the macro areas giving priority to the layout of IESS. The results of suitability analysis identified 13 oil–gas station sites with suitability exceeding the threshold as alternatives. The results of MCDA show that the station sites B1 and B4 in Chaoyang District and A1 and A2 in Haidian District have the highest layout priority. Finally, the results of layout planning under different decision scenarios are given in the discussion part; Sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis prove the stability and reliability of the model. This study not only provides a practical model for the location optimization of IESS, but also provides a technical reference for transportation departments and decision-makers to layout IESS in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of the disease resistance, mTOR and NF-kB signaling pathway of Aristichthys nobilis using Rhodopseudomonas wastewater treatment, Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 2020 Pan Wu, Wentao Mo, Yanling Wang, Yuan Wu, Ying Zhang, Zhaobo Chen, Ning Li. Effluent containing Rubrivivax gelatinosus promoting the yield, digestion system, disease resistance, mTOR and NF-kB signaling pathway, intestinal microbiota and aquaculture water quality of crucian carp, Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2019 Pan Wu, Liying Xie, Xiaozhen Wu, Yanling Wang, Yuan Wu, Ning Li, Ying Zhang, Zhaobo Chen. This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). [Extracted from the article]

• A data-driven framework is proposed to optimize the sizing of a hybrid energy system. • A modified NSGA-II based on reinforcement learning is utilized to obtain Pareto set. • CRITIC-TOPSIS is used to decide the weight of objectives and select the best solution. • A optimal system with LCOE of 0.226 $/kWh, LPSP of 4.01% and PAR of 2.15% is obtained. This paper proposes a data-driven two-stage multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework to investigate the optimal configuration of a stand-alone wind/PV/hydrogen system. In the first stage, a modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-II based on reinforcement learning is utilized to determine a set of Pareto solutions. The objectives considered are to minimize the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), the loss of power supply possibility (LPSP) and the power abandonment rate (PAR), simultaneously. In the second stage, the Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC) method is utilized to determine the weight of the three objectives, while the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach is employed to select the unique best solution from Pareto solutions. To verify the effectiveness, the framework is applied to the wind/PV/hydrogen system located in Aksay Kazak Autonomous County, Gansu Province, China to meet an off-grid industrial park's load demand of 1603 kWh/day and peak load of 117.17 kW. The result states that the optimal system, which consists of 83.2 kW PV panels, 160 kW wind turbines, 20 kW fuel cells, 54 kW electrolyzers and 450 m3 hydrogen storage tanks, owns the LCOE of 0.226 $/kWh, the LPSP of 4.01% and the PAR of 2.15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The employment of traditional bait and medicament in freshwater aquaculture causes the frequent occurrence of environmental pollution and disease. Effluent collected after Rhodospirillum rubrum -mediated wastewater treatment could be re-utilized as microbial feeds, medicament, and aquaculture water to culture silver carp. Therefore, a novel integrated system of wastewater treatment using effluent containing R. rubrum that improves yield, increases disease resistance, and enhances the quality of aquaculture water for silver carp culture was proposed and investigated. The yield, whole fish body composition, survival rate, digestive enzymes, nonspecific immune and antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota were tested under four groups. Silver carp can grow well in effluent containing R. rubrum (ER). The survival rate, yield, and whole body composition of the ER group were all increased compared to the control group (CK). The biochemical (B vitamin) and other substances in the effluent of R. rubrum enhanced the 20–50% activity of proteases, amylases, lipases, AKP, ACP, phagocytic, SOD, CAT by upregulating the expression of AKP , ACP , SOD , and CAT genes. Theoretical analysis showed that biochemical molecules regulate the expression of these gene and enzyme activities by acting as a signal that stimulates the active center. Furthermore, R. rubrum inhibited Aeromonas hydrophila that increases resistance against fish disease and promotes the growth of intestinal bacteria. Meanwhile, R. rubrum in the effluent also improved the aquaculture water quality. This technology would save the aquaculture water, reduce water pollution and wastewater discharge, and increase the output and disease resistance of silver carp, simultaneously. • To culturing silver carp by the effluent containing R. rubrum • The effluent improved yield and survival rate, digestion system, intestinal microbiota. • The effluent enhanced nonspecific immunity, antioxidant, disease resistance capacities. • The effluent improved mTOR, NF-kB signaling pathway and purified aquaculture water quality. • New strategy promoted the wastewater treatment, yield and aquaculture water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For tidal range power plants to be sustainable, the environmental impacts caused by the implement of various tidal barrage schemes must be assessed before construction. However, several problems exist in the current researches: firstly, evaluation criteria of the tidal barrage schemes environmental impact assessment (EIA) are not adequate; secondly, uncertainty of criteria information fails to be processed properly; thirdly, correlation among criteria is unreasonably measured. Hence the contributions of this paper are as follows: firstly, an evaluation criteria system is established from three dimensions of hydrodynamic, biological and morphological aspects. Secondly, cloud model is applied to describe the uncertainty of criteria information. Thirdly, Choquet integral with respect to λ-fuzzy measure is introduced to measure the correlation among criteria. On the above bases, a multi-criteria decision-making decision framework for tidal barrage scheme EIA is established to select the optimal scheme. Finally, a case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)