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ABSTRACT Background Aims Design Data Sources Methods Results Conclusions Impact Reporting Methods Patient or Public Contribution Breast cancer patients experience various adverse symptoms during adjuvant chemotherapy. These adverse symptoms often form symptom clusters and have a negative impact on patients.To summarise common symptom clusters in different dimensions and their longitudinal changes among breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.A systematic review.Ten electronic databases were searched from 2001 to January 2024, and the search was last updated on 16 August 2024.Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of each study and extracted data. The Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The findings were synthesised narratively. This systematic review has been registered (CRD42022370210).Nine studies with a total of 1454 participants were included. The common symptom clusters in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were the gastrointestinal symptom cluster (nausea‐lack of appetite), the fatigue‐pain‐sleep disturbance symptom cluster and the psychological symptom cluster (worry‐sadness‐nervousness‐distress‐feeling irritable‐difficult concentrating). The severity dimension was the most frequently utilised in identifying symptom clusters, with the number and concurrence of symptom clusters showing variation over time.This study summarised common symptom clusters in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and revealed their changes from symptom dimensions and the chemotherapy process. These findings support further exploration of symptom cluster changes and underlying mechanisms, facilitating the design of targeted management strategies, including appropriate interventions and measurement dimensions in clinical nursing, to ultimately reduce patients' symptom burden.Common symptom clusters have been identified in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical nursing in oncology can prioritise these symptom clusters and provide patients with targeted management strategies.PRISMA guidelines and SWiM guidelines.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Childhood cancer survivors may experience complex health issues during transition and long-term follow-up (LTFU); therefore, high-quality healthcare is warranted. Care coordination is one of the essential concepts in advanced healthcare. Care coordination models vary among childhood cancer survivors in transition and LTFU. This study aimed to identify care coordination models for childhood cancer survivors in transition and LTFU and synthesise essential components of the models., Design: This scoping review was guided by the methodological framework from Arksey and O'Malley and was reported with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A systematic literature search was conducted on six databases using possible combinations of terms relevant to childhood cancer survivors, transition/LTFU and care coordination model. Data were analysed by descriptive and content analysis., Data Sources: The literature search was first conducted in May 2023 and updated in May 2024. Six databases including Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were searched; meanwhile, a hand search was also conducted., Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies: Studies relevant to describing any models, interventions or strategies about care coordination of transition or LTFU healthcare services among childhood cancer survivors were included., Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two reviewers independently screened and included studies. Basic information as well as care coordination model-related data in the included studies were extracted. Descriptive summary and content analysis were used for data analysis., Results: In the 20 545 citations generated by the search strategy, seven studies were identified. The critical determinants of the models in the included studies were the collaboration of the multidisciplinary team, integration of the navigator role and the provision of patient-centred, family-involved, needs-oriented clinical services. The main functions of the models included risk screening and management, primary care-based services, psychosocial support, health education and counselling, and financial assistance. Models of care coordination were evaluated at patient and clinical levels. Based on this review, core concepts of successful care coordination models for childhood cancer survivors in transition or LTFU were synthesised and proposed as the '3 I' framework: individualisation, interaction and integration., Conclusion: This scoping review summarised core elements of care coordination models for childhood cancer survivors' transition and LTFU. A proposed conceptual framework to support and guide the development of care coordination strategies for childhood cancer survivors' transition and LTFU care was developed. Future research is needed to test the proposed model and develop appropriate care coordination strategies for providing high-quality healthcare for childhood cancer survivors' transition and LTFU., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Virtual reality (VR) in different immersive conditions has been increasingly used as a nonpharmacological method for managing chronic musculoskeletal pain., Objective: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of VR-assisted active training versus conventional exercise or physiotherapy in chronic musculoskeletal pain and to analyze the effects of immersive versus nonimmersive VR on pain outcomes., Methods: This systematic review of randomized control trials (RCTs) searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to June 9, 2024. RCTs comparing adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain receiving VR-assisted training were included. The primary outcome was pain intensity; secondary outcomes included functional disability and kinesiophobia. Available data were pooled in a meta-analysis. Studies were graded using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool version 2., Results: In total, 28 RCTs including 1114 participants with some concerns for a high risk of bias were identified, and 25 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. In low back pain, short-term outcomes measured post intervention showed that nonimmersive VR is effective in reducing pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] -1.79, 95% CI -2.72 to -0.87; P<.001), improving disability (SMD -0.44, 95% CI -0.72 to -0.16; P=.002), and kinesiophobia (SMD -2.94, 95% CI -5.20 to -0.68; P=.01). Intermediate-term outcomes measured at 6 months also showed that nonimmersive VR is effective in reducing pain (SMD -8.15, 95% CI -15.29 to -1.01; P=.03), and kinesiophobia (SMD -4.28, 95% CI -8.12 to -0.44; P=.03) compared to conventional active training. For neck pain, immersive VR reduced pain intensity (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -1.02 to -0.08; P=.02) but not disability and kinesiophobia in the short term. No statistical significances were detected for knee pain or other pain regions at all time points. In addition, 2 (8%) studies had a high risk of bias., Conclusions: Both nonimmersive and immersive VR-assisted active training is effective in reducing back and neck pain symptoms. Our study findings suggest that VR is effective in alleviating chronic musculoskeletal pain., Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022302912; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display&#95;record.php?RecordID=302912., (©Hermione Hin Man Lo, Mengting Zhu, Zihui Zou, Cho Lee Wong, Suzanne Hoi Shan Lo, Vincent Chi-Ho Chung, Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong, Regina Wing Shan Sit. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 19.08.2024.)

Introduction: Cancer-related fatigue is common in patients with advanced lung cancer. It not only interferes with patients' health-related quality of life, but also increases the caregiving burden of their caregivers. Acceptance and commitment therapy is emerging as a novel way to advocate accepting negative experiences and taking effective actions based on their own values to help patients commit meaningful actions in the course of cancer diseases. This trial aims to test the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of acceptance and commitment therapy for fatigue interference in patients with advanced lung cancer and the caregiver burden., Method and Analysis: A two-arm, assessor-blind pilot randomised controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 40 advanced lung cancer patient-caregiver dyads, who live in rural areas, will be recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in central China. The participants will be randomised to receive an online six-session acceptance and commitment therapy (i.e. involving metaphors, experiential exercises and mindfulness exercises facilitated by virtual reality technology) plus health education (intervention group, n=20) or health education (control group, n=20). Outcomes will be measured at baseline and 1 week postintervention. The primary outcomes are study feasibility (i.e. eligibility rate, recruitment rate, attrition rate and adherence rate), fatigue interference and caregiver burden. The secondary outcomes are health-related quality of life, meaning in life, psychological flexibility and mindful attention. Semistructured interviews will be conducted to explore the feasibility and experiences of the intervention in a subsample of 10 participants from the intervention group., Ethics and Dissemination: This study has been approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CREC Ref. No. 2023.030) and the Medical Ethics Committee of Xiangya Hospital Central South University (No. 202305336). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and through local or international conference presentations., Trial Registration Number: NCT05885984., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence and factors associated with compassion satisfaction and fatigue among oncology healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) in mainland China., Methods: A total of 337 subjects were recruited via convenience sampling from the oncology departments of five general hospitals in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. They were invited to complete a survey that included demographic characteristics, the Profession Quality of life Scale, the Brief Cope Questionnaire, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale., Results: The findings showed medium levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress among oncology healthcare professionals in China, reaching rates of 78.34%, 63.50% and 75.96%, respectively. Multiple regression analyses suggested that active coping, positive reframing, and strength were the significant factors of compassion satisfaction, explaining 48.6% of the total variance ( P  ​< ​0.001). Substance use and self-blame were the significant factors of burnout, explaining 45.1% of the total variance ( P  ​< ​0.001). Venting, denial, substance use, self-blame, and strength were the significant factors of secondary traumatic stress, explaining 37.6% of the total variance ( P  ​< ​0.001)., Conclusions: The high prevalence of compassion fatigue warrants the attention of the hospitals' senior management. The effective coping styles identified may be considered when developing strategies to improve the professional quality of life among oncology healthcare professionals., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Objective: This article aimed to report the experience of developing a complex nurse-led, theory-driven, and evidence-based educational intervention program intended to manage the nutrition impact symptom cluster experienced by patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) during radiotherapy, based on the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework., Methods: The "development" and "feasibility and piloting" phases of the MRC framework were used to guide the intervention development. The development phase included identifying the evidence base through a systematic review, exploring the relevant and guiding theory to enhance the effectiveness of the intervention and conducting a qualitative study to identify the intervention modelling. For the feasibility and piloting phase, we conducted a pilot study to examine the feasibility and estimate the effectiveness of the intervention., Results: The systematic review revealed that nurse-led educational interventions were used commonly for symptom cluster management, with promising effectiveness. The theoretical foundation was provided by the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms, which indicates that an educational intervention can help patients to manage symptom cluster by influencing psychological, situational, and physiological factors. The qualitative study further provided contents of the intervention based on the perspectives of NPC patients and health professionals. The resulting program involves a nurse-led, family caregiver involvement, educational intervention with two sessions that uses a booklet as a medium. The pilot study found that conducting the educational intervention program was feasible and it also had some favorable effects on managing the nutrition impact symptom cluster in NPC patients., Conclusions: The MRC framework provided a strong structure with which to develop a complex intervention for nutrition impact symptom cluster management through a theory-driven and evidence-based approach. The evaluation of the intervention, the delivery process and the mediation mechanism of change using a rigorous randomized controlled trial design is recommended., Competing Interests: The corresponding author, Prof. Carmen W. H. Chan, is an editorial board member of Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. The article was subject to the journal's standard procedures, with peer review handled independently of Prof. Chan and their research groups., (Copyright: © 2021 Ann & Joshua Medical Publishing Co. Ltd.)

The use of mobile technologies to improve health outcomes or mobile health is rapidly evolving, and culturally relevant resources are needed to address health disparities among vulnerable populations. Noncommunicable disease health disparities among Asian Indian migrants to Hong Kong are prevalent. A mobile health application designed to improve hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus health literacy was tested using a mixed-methods design to determine its impact on improving health literacy among this subpopulation. Quantitative findings indicated the mobile health application was effective in improving health literacy. Qualitative findings revealed participant perceptions about the application explored its informative nature, usability and likability of application components, and its ability to initiate intentionality for a healthier lifestyle among users. This feedback was valuable to ensure future modifications that will promote the application's scalability and sustainability., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Despite tremendous progress in understanding the unmet needs of cancer survivors, our understanding of oncology nurses' perspectives and practices in the delivery of survivorship care is inadequate., Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess oncology nurses' perceptions about their responsibility and frequency of delivery of survivorship care to cancer patients and to examine the factors influencing such care., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 81 nurses working in the oncology unit of hospitals in Hong Kong. Participants completed an investigator-developed questionnaire designed to assess oncology nurses' perceptions of responsibility, practices, and barriers regarding the provision of survivorship care for cancer patients., Results: Results revealed discrepancies between oncology nurses' perceptions of responsibility and practices, with high levels of perceptions of various survivorship care as their responsibility but low levels in delivery of such care. Despite that discussing and managing pain was agreed by most oncology nurses as their responsibility (95.1%), 34.6% of them have never managed survivors' pain. Besides, 33.3% of nurses have never discussed and managed survivors' sexuality issues. Lack of time (79.0%), inadequate educational resources for family members (59.3%), and lack of knowledge and skills (54.4%) were major factors that impeded survivorship care provision., Conclusions: This study provides further evidence for inadequacies of oncology nurses in delivering survivorship care and their perceived barriers. Further studies are required to enhance our understanding of the strategies for improving the quality of cancer survivorship care., Implications for Practice: Results underscore the need to develop educational resources and enhance training in survivorship care for oncology nurses., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Oral mucositis is a painful and distressing complication of chemotherapy-induced toxicity in cancer patients that can develop early during the treatment regimen. Previous studies have demonstrated that both oxidative stress and inflammation play a role in the development of the ulceration that is a characteristic of oral mucositis. To date, a few studies have investigated the effect of this complication on the well-being of patients, demonstrating its negative impact on patients' functional ability and quality of life. This effect may entail chemotherapeutic drug dose reduction among patients, in turn reducing their cancer survival rates. Therefore, interventions to address the detrimental effects of oral mucositis on the well-being of cancer patients are required. This review provides an overview of the studies that have examined the negative effects of oral mucositis on Chinese cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, as well as the interventions shown to be effective in treating this complication, with a focus on interventions utilizing traditional Chinese medicine. Overall, both traditional Chinese medicine-based interventions and interventions involving patient education about effective oral care led by trained nurses were found to be useful in reducing the incidence and severity of oral mucositis among Chinese patients undergoing chemotherapy. Future oral mucositis management plans aiming at effective oral care among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy should incorporate these types of interventions as integral components to enhance the well-being of these patients., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Pneumoconiosis is an incurable disease. An online educational booklet for South Asian construction workers has been developed to provide them with knowledge of the disease and its preventive measures. As eye tracking has long been applied to assess users' preferences with regard to the content of commercial products, this approach would likely offer a promising opportunity for an objective assessment of the usability of the developed booklet. This was a mixed-methods study that combined eye tracking and interviews to explore the usability of the educational booklet among South Asian construction workers. Twelve construction workers were invited to read the booklet individually on a laptop computer. An eye-tracking device was placed under the computer screen to collect eye tracking data of the participants to measure their attention to the contents of the booklet. Afterward, the participants were invited to attend a semistructured interview to explore their acceptance of and satisfaction with the booklet. Results showed that participants gazed more often and for a longer duration at the working environment that increases pneumoconiosis risk and the preventive measures for pneumoconiosis, and they paid more attention to the pictures. The workers reported that the booklet was useful and informative, and they were satisfied with its design and layout.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to translate and validate the psychometric properties of the Revised Colorectal Cancer Perception and Screening (RCRCPS) instrument for the first-degree relatives (FDRs) of people with colorectal cancer (CRC) in China., Methods: The translation, adaptation, and validation guideline developed by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat was used to guide this study. All items from the Colorectal Cancer Perception and Screening (CRCPS) instrument and three items from the Perceived Barriers Questionnaire were combined and further adapted for a colonoscopy test, resulting in RCRCPS. The resultant RCRCPS was translated from English to Chinese through forward- and backward-translation methods, and a panel review was conducted to examine its content validity. The RCRCPS (simplified Chinese version) was then tested with a convenience sample of 197 Chinese FDRs of patients with CRC. Validity was tested through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and discriminative validity, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability., Results: The content validity index (CVI) of the RCRCPS (simplified Chinese version) was satisfactory (item CVI = 0.80-1 and scale CVI = 0.92). The results demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.74-0.87) and test-retest reliability in a 4-week interval (intraclass coefficient = 0.53-0.84). CFA revealed that the RCRCPS (simplified Chinese version) conformed to the four-factor model suggested by the original version (Chi-square/degree of freedom = 1.326, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.041, comparative fit index = 0.904, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.896, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.684)., Conclusions: The 38-item simplified Chinese version of RCRCPS demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Healthcare professionals may use this instrument in the development and evaluation of interventions to promote colonoscopy screening among people at an increased risk of developing CRC., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Ann & Joshua Medical Publishing Co. Ltd.)

Eczema is a common skin condition that impairs children's daily life activities and quality of life. Previous research shows that gut microbiome composition plays an important role in the development of eczema. The present review summarizes evidence on environmental factors related to altered gut microbiota in children with eczema. We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews through October 2015. The search strategy focused on articles published in peer-reviewed, English-language journals with no publication year limit. Only original studies and review articles that reported environmental factors on gut microbiome specific to eczema were included in this review. We selected six studies (total 1990 participants) for full review and identified that the composition of gut microbiota specific to eczema could be influenced by the following environmental factors: length of gestation, mode of delivery, type of feeding, method of treatment, number of older siblings, and other lifestyle factors. There has been inconsistent empirical evidence as to the modulatory effects of gut microbiota on immunological functions in children with eczema. Further research on the environmental-host-microbial interaction is needed to develop a strong base of knowledge for the development and implementation of prevention strategies and policies for eczema.