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To explore the effects of single or combined application of chlorine-and sulfur-based fertilizers on rice bioavailability of Cd in soils, pot experiments with reddish clayey soil (developed from quaternary red clay parent materials) under three exogenous Cd levels (0, 0.5, and 2.0 mg·kg -1 ) were conducted. Meanwhile, chlorine-based fertilizers (KCl, NH 4 Cl) and sulfur-based fertilizers[K 2 SO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] were added in different proportions. The soil pH, Cd morphology, and Cd accumulation in rice at different growth stages were analyzed. The results revealed that both chlorine-and sulfur-based fertilizers could acidify the soil; however, the effect of chlorine-based fertilizers was more significant. During the filling stage of rice, the soil pH value of the treatment of applying single chlorine-based fertilizer decreased by 0.28 on average compared with that of applying single sulfur-based fertilizer. At the maturity stage of rice, chlorine-based fertilizer could activate the residual Cd, whereas sulfur-based fertilizer passivated the acid-extracted Cd to its residual state. Compared with the single application of the same fertilizer, the combined application of chlorine-and sulfur-based fertilizers was more likely to promote the accumulation of Cd in rice plants. The highest Cd accumulation of brown rice was 0.21 mg·kg -1 (2.0 mg·kg -1 exogenous Cd level) in the 1:1 (mole ratios of Cl:S) treatment of chlorine-and sulfur-based fertilizers, which was 16.4% higher than that of single chlorine-based fertilizer and 113.3% higher than that of single sulfur-based fertilizer. Therefore, the combined application of chlorine-fertilizers and sulfur-based fertilizers will increase the concentration of Cd in brown rice. To ensure food quality and safety, it is more advisable to apply single sulfur-based fertilizer for rice planting.

Objective: To investigate the changes of nocturnal erectile function and functional connectivity (FC) of bilateral thalami in insomniac ED patients with yin deficiency and fire syndrome., Methods: We enrolled 30 healthy controls and 87 ED patients with yin deficiency and fire syndrome, 41 with and the other 46 without insomnia. Using IIEF-5 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), we evaluated the nocturnal erectile function and sleep quality of the patients and compared the clinical indicators between the two groups. Then we collected and preprocessed the MRI data on the cerebral function of the 15 ED patients with insomnia, another 15 without insomnia and the 30 healthy controls. With the thalamus as the region of interest (ROI), we calculated and compared the FC values of brain regions between the ED patients (with or without insomnia) and healthy controls, and corrected the results for multiple comparisons using the AlphaSim method., Results: Compared with the patients without insomnia, those with insomnia had a lower duration of erectile episode and tumescence and rigidity activity units in the tip of the penis. With the left thalamus as the ROI, the right middle frontal gyrus and inferior parietal were shown to be the differential brain regions among the three groups. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients without insomnia showed decreased FC values between the left thalamus and left orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus, insula, putamen and right thalamus, while those with insomnia exhibited decreased FC values between the left thalamus and bilateral middle frontal gyri, inferior parietal, calcarine fissure, parahippocampal gyrus, left superior parietal gyrus, right precuneus and inferior temporal gyrus, and they also exhibited decreased FC values between the left thalamus and middle frontal gyrus in comparison with those without insomnia. With the right thalamus as the ROI, the left medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral calcarine fissure and right thalamus were found to be the differential brain regions among the three groups. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients without insomnia showed decreased FC values between the right thalamus (including the right thalamus itself) and left medial orbital superior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus (temporal pole), middle temporal gyrus, insula and right orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus, while those with insomnia manifested decreased FC values between the right thalamus and middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal, left superior parietal gyrus and calcarine fissure, and they also manifested increased FC values between the right thalamus and medial superior frontal gyrus, and decreased FC values between the right thalamus and left calcarine fissure in comparison with those without insomnia., Conclusion: ED patients with insomnia have more serious clinical symptoms, with FC changes in the thalamocortical loop, which might be the pathological mechanisms of ED with insomnia.

To investigate the " drug-guide" effect of Achyranthes bidentata saponins( ABS) and geniposide( GE) in the treatment on adjuvant arthritis( AA) rats. A UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of GE,zingibroside R1,ginsenoside Ro and chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa in rat blood and joint dialysate was established. After single or combined administration with ABS and GE was given to AA rat model,a microdialysis sampling method for rat joint cavity and jugular vein blood vessels was established to collect microdialysis samples. Waters Acquity HSS C_(18) column was used to separate the above four components,with mobile phase as acetonitrile-0. 1% formic acid water as mobile phase for gradient elution. ESI source was adopted for mass spectra in a negative ion scanning mode. Multiple reaction monitoring( MRM) mode was applied to detect the above four components. The methodological results showed that GE,zingibroside R1,ginsenoside Ro and chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa demonstrated a good linear relationship within the concentration ranges of 2-4 000,16-4 096,14-3 584,23-5 888 μg·L-1 respectively. The precision,accuracy,stability and matrix effect of these four ingredients reached the requirements of quantitative analysis of biological samples. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that the combined administration of ABS and GE( 60 mg·kg~(-1)+60 mg·kg~(-1)) can increase the degree of GE in joint cavity distribution,and the AUCjoint/AUCplasmwere twice of that of single administration of GE( 60 mg·kg~(-1)),which indicated that ABS might played a vital role in GE's distribution to joint cavity. Moreover,there was no significant difference between the distribution trend of total three ABS and GE in rats. The pharmacodynamics results showed that the combined administration of ABS and GE has stronger effects on paw swelling,arthritis index and synovial pathomorphology of AA rats than single administration of GE,which suggested that ABS might improve GE's anti-inflammatory effect in AA rats. Based on the above results,ABS has a targeting effect in increasing GE's concentration in joint cavity,with a synergy in efficacy.

A model which is capable of capturing the spectral distribution features helps to improve the WDMS(White Dwarf + M Sequence Binaries) classification system running in SDSS-DR10 because the distribution feature of a spectra is one of the most important factors that determine its spectral type. Radial basis function (RBF) neural network is an efficient computational model that is widely used for numerical approximation and object classification. However, due to the reason that the network’s hyper-parameters are usually determined empirically, the performance of the network is limited. In this paper, on the basis of analyzing the distribution features of WDMS in a high dimensional space, an automatic classification model for WDMS ia propose based on RBF neural network. And according to the features, we propose centroids criterion and width criterion to determine hyper-parameters for the network in a more theoretical way, which improves the accuracy of the model. After training and applying the model, a total number of 4 631 WDMS candidates are classified and 25 of them are newly identified, which proves the feasibility of the model and provides further researches on WDMS with more data.

LAMOST-DR1 is the first data released by Guoshoujing telescop, which has the largest number of stellar spectra in the world at present. The data set provides the data source for searching for special and rare celestial objects like cataclysmic variable stars.Meanwhile, it requires more advanced astronomical data processing methods and techniques. A data mining method for cataclysmic variable spectra in massive spectra data is proposed in this paper. Different types of celestial spectra show obvious difference in the feature space constructed with Laplacian Eigenmap method. The parameters of artificial neural network are optimized with particle swarm optimization method and the total LAMOST-DR1 data is processed. 7 cataclysmic variable star spectra are found in the experiment including 2 dwarf nova, 2 nova like variables and a highly polarized AM Her type. The newly found spectra enrich the current cataclysmic variable spectra library. The experiment is the first attempt of searching for cataclysmic variable star spectra with Guoshoujing telescope data and the results show that our approach is feasible in LAMOST data. This method is also applicable for mining other special celestial objects in sky survey telescope data.

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has released the latest data (DR10) which covers the first APOGEE spectra. The massive spectra can be used for large sample research inscluding the structure and evolution of the Galaxy and multi-wave-band identi cation. In addition, the spectra are also ideal for searching for rare and special objects like white dwarf main-sequence star (WDMS). WDMS consist of a white dwarf primary and a low-mass main-sequence (MS) companion which has positive significance to the study of evolution and parameter of close binaries. WDMS is generally discovered by repeated imaging of the same area of sky, measuring light curves for objects or through photometric selection with follow-up observations. These methods require significant manual processing time with low accuracy and the real-time processing requirements can not be satisfied. In this paper, an automatic and efficient method for searching for WDMS candidates is presented. The method Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied in the newly released SDSS-DR10 spectra. A total number of 4 140 WDMS candidates are selected by the method and 24 of them are new discoveries which prove that our approach of finding special celestial bodies in massive spectra data is feasible. In addition, this method is also applicable to mining other special celestial objects in sky survey telescope data. We report the identfication of 24 new WDMS with spectra. A compendium of positions, mjd, plate and fiberid of these new discoveries is presented which enrich the spectral library and will be useful to the research of binary evolution models.

In the present paper, an automatic and efficient method for searching for dwarf nova candidates is presented. The methods PCA (principal component analysis) and SVM (support vector machine) are applied in the newly released SDSS-DR9 spectra. The final dimensions of the feature space are determined by the identification accuracy of training samples with different dimensions constrained by SVM. The massive spectra are dimension reduced by PCA at first and classified by the best SVM clas sifier. The final less number of candidates can be identified manually. A total number of 276 dwarf nova candidates are selected by the method and 6 of them are new discoveries which prove that our approach to finding special celestial bodies in massive spectra data is feasible. The new discoveries of this paper are added in the current dwarf nova template library which can contribute to constructing a more accurate feature space. The method proposed in this paper can also be used for special objects searching in other sky survey telescopes like Guoshoujing (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope -LAMOST) telescope.

Objective: To explore the transgenic efficiency of non-viral vector Tf-PEG-PEI and the cell specific silencing effect of plasmid pPSMAe/p-shNS-ploy(A) on prostate cancer cells., Methods: Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was modified by using polyethylene glycol and transferrin to synthesize the non-viral vector Tf-PEG-PEI. NS-specific plasmids pPSMAe/p-shNS-ploy(A) and Tf-PEG-PEI were used to transfect prostate cancer LNCap and PC-3 cells. The changes of cell morphology, proliferation ability and cell cycle were studied after down-regulating the NS gene level., Results: Tf-PEG-PEI was successfully modified. After transfection, the PSMA-expressing LNCaP cells became larger and showed more pseudopodia, having a tendency to differentiate. Their cell proliferation ability was reduced, and the detection of cell cycle showed a decrease of S phase and an increase of G(1) phase after knocking down NS gene. These targets were not changed in non-PSMA-expresing PC-3 cells., Conclusions: The non-viral vector Tf-PEG-PEI has a high ability to transfer targeted gene into target cells. The cellular specificity of short-hairpin RNA transcription driven by PSMAe/p is confirmed by silencing NS gene. The use of cell specific promoter may be an effective strategy of gene therapy for prostate cancer.

In this study, the full lipL21 gene fragment encoding outer membrane protein LipL21 was cloned from L. interrogans serovar Lai and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+). The guinea pigs were immunized with pcDNA3.1(+)-lipL21, pcDNA3.1(+) or PBS. Six weeks after the second immunization, the splenocytes were isolated to detect their proliferative ability by lymphocyte transformation experiments. In addition, microscopic agglutination test was used for quantitative detection of specific antibodies. The rest guinea pigs were challenged intraperitoneally with L. interogans sorevar Lai. Then, protective effect was evaluated on the basis of survival and histopathological lesions in the kidneys, lungs, and liver. The lipL21 gene was successfully expressed in COS-7 cells through recombinant pcDNA3.1(+)-lipL21. The titer of specific antibodies substantially increased, and the stimulation index of splenocytes increased significantly. Hence, the pcDNA3.1(+)-lipL21 could protect the immunized guinea pigs from homotypic Leptospira infection. Furthermore, no obvious pathologic changes were observed in the pcDNA3.1(+)-lipL21 immunized guinea pigs. The results showed that the protective effect with pathogenic strains of Leptospira was shared by LipL21 mediated through a plasmid vector. Consequently, these results indicated that the lipL21 DNA vaccine was a promising candidate for the prevention of leptospirosis.

Objective: To determine the level and the role of beta-endorphin in hypothalamus of rat with trigeminal neuralgia., Methods: The animal model of primary trigeminal neuralgia in rat was established, the contents of beta-endorphin were measured by radioimmunoassay techniques., Results: The beta-endorphin of hypothalamus in experimental group was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Beta-endorphin may play important roles in primary trigeminal neuralgia.

It has been reported that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is an apoptosis inducer and radiation sensitizer for various cancer cell lines. In this study of breast cancer patients, we examined the combined effect of topical As2O3 and radiation therapy on fungating and/or skin-infiltrating lesions of breast cancer. The dermatological, gastrointestinal, hematological, renal and hepatic toxicities of the treatment were also monitored. As2O3 gel (0.05%) was applied to tumor lesions 1 h prior to delivery of each fraction, with the gel removed about 5 min before the irradiation. Superficial radiation was delivered using an electron beam from a linear accelerator. Every week, the tumor lesions were photographed to evaluate effectiveness, and blood was sampled to monitor changes in hemogram and biochemical profile. Seven breast cancer patients with cutaneous metastasis were enrolled in this study. In terms of tumor, the rates for complete, partial response and stable disease were 42.9 (three of seven), 42.9 (three of seven) and 14.3% (one of seven), respectively. The skin pain, assessed by a visual analog scale, and secretion from all of the seven superficial and fungating wounds decreased markedly after treatment. Significant bone marrow suppression or granulocytosis was not noted. Further, changes in renal and hepatic function were also not significant. It seems reasonable to conclude that As2O3 may be an effective and safe radiosensitizer for palliative radiotherapy for skin-infiltrating lesions of breast cancer.