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A new phase transition compound 4-ethoxybenzenammonium iodide ( 1) (C8H12ON+ ·I-) was determined. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show sharp peaks appear at 157.93 K (-115.22 °C) on heating and 157.00 K (-116.15 °C) on cooling with Δ H = 120.34 J ·mol-1, Δ S = 0.762 J ·mol-1 ·K-1. The dielectric measurements appear clear slope change, which matches well as observed in the DSC results. The crystal structure analyze shows that the space group changes from P21 at 103(2) K to P21/ c at 298(2) K during the phase transition process. The essential difference between the two temperature structures is the relative orientation of the oxyethyl group to the benzene ring, slight displacements of the anionic iodine and the packing of the molecular species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One novel organic-inorganic hybrid compound, ( p-CH3OC6H4NH3)+(18-crown-6) ·H2PO4- ·2H3PO4 ( 1) (( p-CH3OC6H4NH3)+ = 4-methoxyphenylammonium; 18-crown-6 = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane), has been synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the structure, the organic ( p-CH3OC6H4NH3)+(18-crown-6) supermolecular cation layer and inorganic phosphate anion layer arrange alternately. Temperature- and frequency-dependent dielectric constants of compound 1 show no distinct dielectric anomalies, suggesting no phase transition within the measured temperature range (100-380 K). A high dielectric constant of 442.3 at a low frequency of 200 Hz suggests slow molecular motion and/or space charge polarization rather than fast electronic motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One novel organic-inorganic hybrid compound, ( p-CH3OC6H4NH3)+(18-crown-6) ·H2PO4- ·2H3PO4 ( 1) (( p-CH3OC6H4NH3)+ = 4-methoxyphenylammonium; 18-crown-6 = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane), has been synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the structure, the organic ( p-CH3OC6H4NH3)+(18-crown-6) supermolecular cation layer and inorganic phosphate anion layer arrange alternately. Temperature- and frequency-dependent dielectric constants of compound 1 show no distinct dielectric anomalies, suggesting no phase transition within the measured temperature range (100-380 K). A high dielectric constant of 442.3 at a low frequency of 200 Hz suggests slow molecular motion and/or space charge polarization rather than fast electronic motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Zn(II) complexes, [Zn(L)2(H2O)2] where L is 1-substituted 5-methyl-1H-[1,2,3]-triazole-4-carboxylic acid, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT–IR, and solid-state fluorescent emission spectroscopy. Structures have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing the discrete nature of the complexes in which Zn centers adopt slightly distorted octahedral geometry. In the complexes, the 1-substituted 5-methyl-1H-[1,2,3]-triazole-4-carboxylic acid is bidentate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The in situ hydrothermal reactions of 4-nitrobenzonitrile with Cd(ClO4)2 and CdCl2 afforded two novel CdII–tetrazole coordination polymers, 2D network {[Cd(H2O)2(4-nptz)2](H2O)2} n (1) and 1D double chains [Cd(H2O)2(4-nptz)2] n (2). Their synthesis, solid-state structure, and XRPD patterns are reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] MoSi2 can accelerate the re-crystallization process of RSiC. [•] Flexural strength of the composites can reach 94.0MPa. [•] Electrical conductivity mechanism of composites is two shunt-wound equivalent circuit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: Spinal fusion is a widely employed treatment of patients with degenerative disc disease, in which a cage is used to replace the disc for spinal fusion. But it often fails for insufficient mechanical strength and poor osseointegration. Here, we designed a polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK)/tantalum (Ta) composite cage with a biomimetic gradient porous micro-structure, simultaneously enhancing mechanical properties and accelerating osseointegration in spinal fusion., Materials and Methods: In the study, based on the mechanical performances of PEEK and osteogenic potential of Ta, and the three-dimensional (3D) structures of cuttlebone and vertebra, the cages were respectively 3D printed by pure PEEK, PEEK with 5 wt% Ta (PEEK/Ta-5), PEEK with 10 wt% Ta (PEEK/Ta-10) and PEEK with 15 wt% Ta (PEEK/Ta-15), then verified in vitro and in sheep cervical fusion model systematically., Results: Vertebral Gyroid structure PEEK/Ta-15 cage exhibited superior mechanical properties than Cuttlebone-like structure PEEK/Ta-15 cage, closer to the cervical vertebra. Furthermore, PEEK/Ta-15 cage with higher Ta microparticles in PEEK provided a biomimetic gradient porous micro-structure with higher surface energy, guiding cell biological behavior, promoting new bone penetration, and accelerating osseointegration in vivo ., Conclusion: In conclusion, the study designed a biomimetic gradient porous cage with a micro-structure for enhancing mechanical properties, accelerating osseointegration and forming an anatomical lock in the fusion segment through composites, mechanical efficiency, surface extension, and pores., Competing Interests: Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tlcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tlcr-22-617/coif). TH serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Translational Lung Cancer Research from January 2022 to December 2023. AR serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Translational Lung Cancer Research from November 2020 to October 2022. RAR serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Translational Lung Cancer Research from January 2022 to December 2023. MP serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Translational Lung Cancer Research from October 2021 to September 2023. RAR has been a consultant for Amgen, Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Novartis, Advanced Accelerator Applications, Curium Pharma, EMD Serono, Astra-Zeneca. He has also received research funding (to institution) from Merck & Co and Aadi Biosciences. He is also on the speaker bureaus for Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals and Astra-Zeneca. Mariano Provencio received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events and consulting fees from BMS, Astra Zéneca, MSD, Roche, Takeda and Pfizer. Jay M. Lee reports advisory board/consultant of Astrazeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech, Novartis, Roche; research support from Genentech, Novartis; steering committee of Genentech, Novartis; speaker’s bureau of AstraZeneca, Genentech, Roche; stock from Moderna; patents of UCLA. Antonio Passaro received honoraria for consulting, advisory role or lectures from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Jansenn, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche Genentech, Novartis, MundiPharma, Daiichi Sankyo, eCancer and Medscape. TC reports speaker fees/honoraria from The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Medscape, and PeerView; travel, food and beverage expenses from Dava Oncology; advisory role/consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Merck & Co., Genentech, and Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals; and institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim and EMD Serono. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Objectives: To study the effect of glucose metabolism disorders on the short-term prognosis in neonates with asphyxia., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of the neonates with asphyxia who were admitted to 52 hospitals in Hubei Province of China from January to December, 2018 and had blood glucose data within 12 hours after birth. Their blood glucose data at 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after birth (with an allowable time error of 0.5 hour) were recorded. According to the presence or absence of brain injury and/or death during hospitalization, the neonates were divided into a poor prognosis group with 693 neonates and a good prognosis group with 779 neonates. The two groups were compared in the incidence of glucose metabolism disorders within 12 hours after birth and short-term prognosis., Results: Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had a significantly higher proportion of neonates from secondary hospitals (48.5% vs 42.6%, P <0.05) or with severe asphyxia (19.8% vs 8.1%, P <0.05) or hypothermia therapy (4.8% vs 1.5%, P <0.05), as well as a significantly higher incidence rate of disorder of glucose metabolism (18.8% vs 12.5%, P <0.05). Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had a significantly higher incidence rate of disorder of glucose metabolism at 1, 2, and 6 hours after birth ( P <0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that recurrent hyperglycemia (adjusted odds ratio=2.380, 95% confidence interval: 1.275-4.442, P <0.05) was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in neonates with asphyxia., Conclusions: Recurrent hyperglycemia in neonates with asphyxia may suggest poor short-term prognosis, and it is necessary to strengthen the early monitoring and management of the nervous system in such neonates.

Background: Dahuang Zhechong pills (DHZCP) is a classic Chinese medicinal prescription in "Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases (Shanghan Zabing Lun)," and it has the function of tonifying blood, nourishing Yin, and removing blood stasis. Previous studies have shown that DHZCP could alleviate SiO 2 induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. This study aims to further explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of DHZCP against silicosis fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms in vitro ., Methods: We used the experimental model of SiO 2 -induced MH-S cells to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DHZCP. MH-S cells induced by SiO 2 were intervened with the drug-containing serum of DHZCP, and the effects of drug-containing serum of DHZCP on the MH-S cells were detected by CCK8, ELISA, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunofluorescence., Results: DHZCP improved cell viability by reducing apoptosis. It also decreased the levels of TNF- α , IL-1 β , IL-6 in the supernatant of MH-S cells induced by SiO 2 , inhibited the expression of p38 MAPK, blocked the activation of NF- κ B, and controlled the upstream inflammatory response by multiple targeting. Concomitantly, we observed upregulation of Smad7 and a marked decline in TGF- β 1, α -SMA, Smad2, Smad3 expression in MH-S cells treated with DHZCP., Conclusion: To sum up, we conclude that DHZCP protects against SiO 2 -induced silicosis by reducing the persistent irritation of inflammation, regulating the p38 MAPK/TGF- β 1/Smad pathway., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Li-Juan Wu et al.)

To understand the growth responses of dryland wheat to different application rates of phosphorus fertilizer in different rainfall years, we examined root characteristics, spike number, yield and phosphate utilization. Results would help improve phosphate fertilizer use in dryland wheat production. We carried out a field experiment at the research station of Shanxi Agricultural University from 2012 to 2016. We examined the effects of four application rates of phosphorus (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg·hm -2 on root growth, phosphate utilization and yield formation of dryland wheat in different years with contrasting rainfall pattern. Compared with the treatment without phosphorus fertilization, phosphate application increased root surface area at all growth stages and root weight density in the 0-80 cm soil layer at jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages. Phosphate application significantly increased soil water consumption from jointing to anthesis, and total soil water consumption in the growing season. Phosphate application enhanced the amount of pre-anthesis phosphate translocation and phosphate accumulation of grain. Spike number, yield and water use efficiency were increased with 75, 150 and 225 kg P·hm -2 by 9.2% to 22.5%, 11.8% to 30.0%, and 2.1% to 12.1%, respectively. In the dry years, the application rates of 150 and 225 kg P·hm -2 in comparison to 75 kg P·hm -2 significantly increased root weight density and root surface area at all stages, soil water consumption from sowing to jointing and from jointing to anthesis, and total water consumption in the growing season. In comparison to the rate of 75 kg P·hm -2 , 150 and 225 kg P·hm -2 increased soil water consumption from sowing to jointing by 7.3-8.7 mm, soil water consumption from jointing to anthesis by 15.6-18.1 mm, and total water consumption by 15.6-18.1 mm. Significant increase in the pre-anthesis phosphate translocation and phosphate accumulation in grain was higher under 150 and 225 kg P·hm -2 than that under 75 kg P·hm -2 in dry years. Furthermore, the two rates (150 and 225 kg P·hm -2 ) in dry years increased spike number by 9.3%-10.7% and yield by 11.9%-14.6%. The application rate of 150 kg P·hm -2 significantly improved phosphorus use efficiency by 20%-82% in comparison to other rates. In normal years, the rates of 150 and 225 kg P·hm -2 increased root surface area, root weight density at both anthesis and maturity compared with 75 kg P·hm -2 . Soil water consumption from anthesis to maturity and total soil water consumption in the growing season were also increased by 1.2-15.0 and 3.8-23.1 mm, respectively. In addition, phosphorus accumulation in post-anthesis and phosphate accumulation in grain were increased in both 150 and 225 kg P·hm -2 , which increased spike number by 1.4%-9.6% and yield by 3.5%-10.4%. The effects of phosphate application at the rate of 150 kg P·hm -2 were significantly different from 75 and 225 kg P·hm -2 . In conclusion, phosphorus fertilizer application enhanced uptake of water and phosphate in dryland wheat at early and middle growth stages in dry years and at the late growth stage in normal years. Phosphorus application increased wheat yield mainly due to the increases of spike number. The application of 150 kg P·hm -2 is the best choice for high water and phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency and high yield in both dry and normal years.

The intestinal absorption characteristics of ten iridoid glycosides and phenolic acids in the Pterocephali Herba were evaluated via rat intestinal valgus model. The intestinal sac fluids at different time after administration of high,medium and low concentrations of Pterocephali Herba extract were collected and ten chemical components in fluid samples were detected by UPLC-PDA. Accumulative absorbed doses( Q) and absorption rate constants( Ka) of ten chemical constituents were calculated,while proportions between Pterocephali Herba extract and intestinal absorption liquid were compared. The results showed that the intestinal absorption of 10 chemical components was linear absorption( R2>0. 9) at different concentrations,which accorded with the zero-order absorption rate. The absorption rate constant was related to the concentration of the drug and the intestinal site,which indicated that intestinal adsorption mechanism of the components were passive diffusion and active transport. Proportions of chemical constituents in intestinal sac fluid were different from those in Pterocephali Herba extract. Therefore,those ten chemical components in Pterocephali Herba extract can be absorbed in whole intestine. Everted intestinal sac model can be used to evaluate intestinal absorption characteristics of ingredients in Pterocephali Herba extract effectively.

A bioguided separation on the cultures of the potato endophytic fungus Bipolaris eleusines led to the isolation of two anti-phytopathogenic ( Alternaria solani ) sesquiterpenoid-xanthone adducts, namely bipolins I and J (1 and 2). Their structures were established via extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit potent inhibitory activity against A. solani with MIC values of 8 and 16 μg mL -1 , respectively., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in protecting liver from warm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury., Methods: Partial warm ischemia was produced in the left and middle hepatic lobes of SD rats for 75 min, followed by 6 h of reperfusion. Rats were treated with saline, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) or zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) at 24 h prior to the ischemia insult. Blood and samples of ischemic lobes subjected to ischemia were collected at 6 h after reperfusion. Serum transaminases level, plasma lactate dehydrogenase and myeloperoxidase activity in liver were measured. Liver histological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated by tissue section and liver immunohistochemical analysis. We used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to analyze liver expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation with anti-Toll-IL-1R-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and anti-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and then the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies., Results: HO-1 protected livers from I/R injury, as evidenced by diminished liver enzymes and well-preserved tissue architecture. In comparison with ZnPP livers 6 h after surgery, CoPP treatment livers showed a significant increase inflammatory cell infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and macrophages. The Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TANK binding kinase 1 protein levels of rats treated with CoPP significantly reduced in TRIF-immunoprecipitated complex, as compared with ZnPP treatment. In addition, pretreatment with CoPP reduced the expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 in MyD88-immunoprecipitated complex. The inflammatory cytokines and chemokines mRNA expression rapidly decreased in CoPP-pretreated liver, compared with the ZnPP-treated group. However, the expression of negative regulators Toll-interacting protein, suppressor of cytokine signaling-1, IRAK-M and Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase-1 in CoPP treatment rats were markedly up-regulated as compared with ZnPP-treated rats., Conclusion: HO-1 protects liver against I/R injury by inhibiting TLR2/TLR4-triggered MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways and increasing expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling in rats.

Objective: To study the association of ORMDL3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels., Methods: A total of 300 children diagnosed with bronchial asthma between January 2010 and December 2012 were selected for the asthma group, and 298 children diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection in the same period were selected for the control group. Serum LysoPC and apoB levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotype analysis was performed using the TaqMan probe., Results: LysoPC and apoB levels were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (P<0.01). Among children with various genotypes of ORMDL3 gene at locus rs12603332, the asthma group had significantly higher LysoPC and apoB levels than the control group (P<0.01). Among the children with asthma, those with CC genotype had significantly higher LysoPC and apoB levels than those with CT and TT genotypes (P<0.01)., Conclusions: LysoPC and apoB may intervene in the pathological process of asthma. Pro-inflammatory gene ORMDL3 SNP rs12603332 may be associated with high LysoPC and apoB levels, which leads to the occurrence of childhood asthma.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(3)H(4)N(4)O(2)·H(2)O, exhibits O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which lead to the formation of a two-dimensional network parallel to the bc plane. The dihedral angle between the ring and the carboxylic acid group is 84.6 (14)°.

The title compound, C(21)H(21)NO(2)·C(3)H(7)NO, was synthesized by solvent-free one-pot three-component reaction of naphthalen-2-ol, 2-hy-droxy-benzaldehyde and pyrrolidine. The dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring is 77.74 (6)°. The pyrrolidine ring assumes an envelope conformation. An intra-molecular O-H⋯N and an inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond are observed.

In the title compound, [Cd(2)Cl(6)(C(4)H(10)NO)(2)](n), the coordination geometry of each Cd(II) ion is distorted octa-hedral, but with quite different coordination environments. One Cd(II) atom is coordinated by four Cl atoms and two O atoms from two morpholinium ligands, while the other is coordinated by six Cl atoms. Adjacent Cd(II) atoms are inter-connected alternately by paired chloride bridges, generating a chain parallel to the a axis. Inter-chain N-H⋯Cl inter-actions form a two-dimensional network.

In the title compound, C(16)H(19)N(2)O(6) (+)·I(3) (-), the carboxyl-ate groups of a pair of (4-amino-phen-oxy) acetate ligands are bridged by an H atom in a rather classical configuration. The H atom is located on an inversion center and the pair of carboxyl-ate groups are centrosymmetrically related with an O⋯O distance of 2.494 (5) Å. The I(3) (-) anion is also located on an inversion center. In the crystal, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯I hydrogen-bond inter-actions build up a three-dimensionnal network.

Objective: To study the diagnosis and therapy of the rectovaginal endometriosis., Methods: Clinical data of 57 women with rectovaginal endometriosis admitted to the West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University in last two years,were retrospectively reviewed., Result: The average age of patients was 40.1 years. The main clinical manifestations were dysmenorrheal, changes of menorrhea and digestive stimulation. The diameter of deep endometriosis nodules was between 1-6 cm, and 77% were found to have more than one nodules. Seven of these patients had positive results in transvaginal ultrasonography; 61%(11/18) patients had elevated CA125 levels. Thirteen patients were given preoperational medical treatment, but had no effect. All patients, except one accepted laparotomic therapy of complete excision of endometriosis nodules; 23 cases underwent drug therapy after operation. No patients had recurrence in recto-vaginal septum after complete excision; only one recurred in right ovary. Patients who failed to remove the total lesion showed improvement in pain., Conclusion: Diagnosis of the rectovaginal endometriosis is based on symptoms, vaginal and rectal examination, and auxiliary examination. Complete excision of endometriosis nodules is the main therapeutic method.

Objective: To detect the expression of CDC6 and hMSH2 in cervical carcinoma, explore the correlation with clinical significance and pelvic lymph node metastases., Methods: SP immunohistochemistry technique was used to detect the expression of CDC6 and hMSH2 in specimens of 70 cervical carcinoma, and 14 normal cervix. Correlation between the expression of CDC6, hMSH2 and the clinicopathologic factors of cervical carcinoma were statistically analyzed., Results: The rates of positive expression of CDC6 and hMSH2 were 70.0%, 54.3% in cervical carcinoma, and significantly higher than those in normal cervix (P=0.000, 0.006). The CDC6 expression rate was related to pathological subtype, FIGO stage, histological tumor grade, pelvic lymph node metastases (P<0.05). The hMSH2 expression rate was related to pathological subtype, FIGO stage and pelvic lymph node metastases (P<0.05), but did not associate with histological tumor grade. The expression of CDC6 was positively correlated with hMSH2 in cervical cancer (r(s)=0.338, P=0.004), meanwhile it was not correlated with hMSH2 in 19 patients with pelvic lymph node metastases., Conclusion: CDC6 and hMSH2 play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cervical carcinoma. CDC6 and hMSH2 may be useful for predicting prognosis of cervical carcinoma.

In the title compound, C(23)H(25)NO, the dihedral angle between the naphthyl-ene ring system and the benzene ring is 78.17 (10)°. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by a strong intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond.

The title compound, C(11)H(10)N(4)O(4)·H(2)O, was synthesized from 1-azido-methyl-3-nitro-benzene and ethyl acetyl-acetate. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the dihedral angle between the triazole and benzene ring planes is 84.80 (2)°. The packing of the mol-ecules is stabilized by strong O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the solvent water mol-ecules as donors and acceptors. The resulting layers are arranged into a three-dimensional framework via weak C-H⋯O inter-actions.

A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed (JLAFB), was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO4(2-) ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fluidized bed (AFB) reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4(2-) ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8.1 kg/(m3 x d), the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found.