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Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), the biochemical indicator of adrenarche and pubarche, is of paramount importance in the evaluation of puberty-related disorders. The reference range of DHEAS should be ethnicity, age, sex, pubarche and Tanner stage specific. Anthropometry, puberty assessment and hormonal parameters were estimated using electrochemiluminescence assay. Bone age was estimated using the BoneXpert software. Of 2191 healthy Indian children aged 5–18 y screened at Chandigarh, 1919 were included in the final analysis (994 boys). The median DHEAS levels at pubarche stage P2 were 82.10 (55.0–129.0) g/dl in girls and 132.50 (95.12–205.50) g/dl in boys. By ROC analysis, the level of DHEAS at pubarche was 63.7 g/dl (sensitivity 72.6%, specificity 64.4%) in girls and 82.2 g/dl (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 68.8%) in boys. The median age at adrenarche was 9.5 y in both sexes. On multivariate regression analysis; bone age, body mass index (BMI), gonadal steroids, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) significantly correlated with serum DHEAS levels in either sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalyzed CVD method is considered significant for the production of low cost and high yield carbon nanostructures. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized using a facile and efficient way with the modified CVD method, using Co nanoparticles as the metallic catalysis for MWCNT growth, in a distinct temperature range of 650–750 °C. The structural and magnetic properties of pristine and functionalized MWCNT (p-MWCNT and f-MWCNT) are investigated in the temperature range of 10–300 K. The phase structure of all MWCNT samples was analyzed using various characterization techniques, namely, x-ray diffraction, Raman, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis suggested that the diameter of MWCNTs increases with a rise in the growth temperature, but the nanotube density decreases at 750 °C. Temperature-dependent magnetization studies of the p-MWCNT and f-MWCNT samples were investigated using a quantum design physical property measurement system-vibrating sample magnetometer mode. The magnetic properties and the effect of the growth temperature and acid functionalization on the morphology of MWCNT were also investigated. The results revealed that the diamagnetism effect of the graphitic nanotubes is dominating for p-MWCNT, and it reduces for f-MWCNT. A possible explanation for this feature is discussed in detail in the later part of this article. It may be considered that this study, which emerged with different growth temperatures of MWCNTs using a facile method for gaining control over magnetic properties, can be fundamental for further consideration of magnetic MWCNTs for various potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction We looked at age, sex, haemoglobin, operation methods, operation time, and amount of transfusion during operation, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, positive proximal margin, tumour location, tumour size, differentiation, depth of tumour invasion, lymph nodes, and lymphatic metastasis rate. The frequency of positive lymph nodes is equal to the number of metastatic lymph nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes removed. The purpose of this research was to discover a link between clinical and pathological characteristics in stomach cancer in Odisha, India. Methods: A one-year retrospective research was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, SCB Medical college and hospital, cuttack. Results: Of the 80 patients, 50 (62.5%) were male and 30 (37.5%) were female; 50 (62.5%) had distal gastrectomy, 5 (6.25%) had proximal gastrectomy through belly and 15 (18.75%) had proximal gastrectomy via thorax, and 10 (12.5%) had complete gastrectomy. Distal and complete gastrectomy exhibited greater lymph node clearances than the other operating techniques. Postoperative problems occurred in 8 patients (10%), including stomach retention (20%), anastomotic leakage (10.5%), incision infection (9.25%), wound disruption (5.25%), and thoracic cavity effusion (5.25%). The complication was more prevalent in individuals undergoing proximal gastrectomy through abdomen (30%). Overall, the mortality rate was 1.25% (1/80). The diameter of the neoplasm was linked to the depth of infiltration and the rate of lymphatic metastasis, although haemoglobin was not. 12 (15%) of the 80 patients had early gastric cancer (EGC) with lymph node metastases. These patients had 4%-5% fewer positive lymph nodes than advanced gastric cancer patients (Table 2). In a linear regression analysis, the tumor's age and diameter were adversely linked with preoperative haemoglobin (P0.001). The tumor's diameter associated positively with age and the number of positive lymph nodes (P0.01). Patients with poorly differentiated tumours were younger than those in the other categories, who had greater tumour diameters and a higher incidence of positive lymph nodes. The depth of tumour invasion on the stomach wall was unrelated to the degree of differentiation. The tumour diameter on the corpus and fundus was greater than those on the corpus and fundus, which had a higher incidence of positive lymph nodes. Females were more likely than males to have proximal gastric cancer, poor differentiation, and a frequency of >36% positive lymph nodes. Conclusion: This retrospective investigation found that clinic-pathological characteristics of gastric cancer differed by gender, location, and tumour diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) may be used to measure the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms. To assess baseline patient pain, IPSS uses a seven-point questionnaire with a maximum total possible score of 35. IPSS is also used to monitor a patient's symptom improvement. Materials and Procedures: The current prospective investigation was carried out at our tertiary care hospital's Department of General surgery and department of radiodiagnosis. The research lasted six months, from January to June 2022. At 95% confidence interval and 5% acceptable margin of error, a sample size of 100 was computed. The research included patients with lower urinary tract complaints. Transabdominal ultrasonography was performed on all patients to determine prostate size/volume. The current research divides study participants into three groups based on the severity of their symptoms as determined by the IPSS score. 22% of the patients had mild symptoms, 40% had moderate symptoms, and 28% had severe symptoms. Prolate ellipsoid formula Antero-posterior x Transverse x Cranio-caudal x 0.52 was used to determine prostate volume. 12% of patients had a prostatic volume of 20 cc, 26% had a prostatic volume of 21-30 cc (Grade I), 34% had a prostatic volume of 31-50 cc (Grade II), 21% had a prostatic volume of 51-80 cc (Grade III), and 7% had an 80 cc (Grade IV). Conclusion We concluded from the current research that there was no association between age and international prostate symptom score, nor was there any correlation between prostate volume or prostate enlargement grade and IPSS score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into the influence of red lead content on the red and NIR emission characteristics of Pr3+ ions within a nonconventional antimony silicate glass system. The glasses were synthesized across a composition spectrum of (40 − x) Pb3O4‒49Sb2O3‒(10 + x)SiO2:1Pr2O3, where x ranged from 0 to 35 mol%. Characterization was carried out using XRD, DSC, XPS, and IR spectroscopy. These analyses unveiled the presence of antimony ions in both Sb3+ and Sb5+ states and lead ions in Pb4+ and Pb2+ states within these glass compositions. Optical absorption and emission spectra (at λexc = 445 nm) were recorded within the wavelength range of 400‒1800 nm. Luminescence decay profiles of two pivotal transitions, namely, 3P0 → 3F2 (red emission) and 1G4 → 3H5 (1.3 µm NIR emission), were also recorded. Various radiative parameters from these spectra were extracted using the J–O theory. The findings indicated that, as the Pb3O4 content declined from 40 to 10 mol%, the covalent nature of the samples diminished, resulting in a remarkable amplification in the intensity of both the red and NIR emission bands of Pr3+ ions. The glass containing 10 mol% of Pb3O4 exhibited the most elevated radiative parameters and quantum efficiency. This augmentation was attributed to the reduction of Pb4+ and Sb5+ ions within the glass network or the augmentation of Pb2+ ions, serving as modifiers that mitigated phonon losses. Consequently, glasses with 10 mol% Pb3O4 demonstrate great potential for telecommunications applications, owing to their significant enhancement in PL emission for the 3P0 → 3F2 and 1G4 → 3H5 transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]