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Highlights: [•] Substrate driven H2O2 consumption shows sensitivity to the pH of the medium. [•] Mitochondrial H2O2 efflux rate and %NAD(P)H are also sensitive to the pH of the medium. [•] Inconsistencies between H2O2 efflux and %NAD(P)H may be explained by H2O2 consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the freeze-avoidance response of smelt Osmerus mordax. Increase in antifreeze protein expression; Reduction of glycerol and urea content in plasma, muscle and liver; Mechanism of teleost fish survival during low temperature.

The activities of several enzymes of energy metabolism were measured in the heart, red muscle, and white muscle of a deep and a shallow living squaloid shark, Centroscyllium fabricii and Squalus acanthias, respectively. The phylogenetic closeness of these species, combined with their active predatory nature, similar body form, and size makes them well matched for comparison. This is the first time such a comparison has been made involving a deep-sea elasmobranch. Enzyme activities were similar in the heart, but generally lower in the red muscle of C. fabricii. Paralleling the trend seen in deep-sea teleosts, the white muscle of C. fabricii had substantially lower activities of key glycolytic enzymes, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, relative to S. acanthias or other shallow living elasmobranchs. Unexpectedly, between the squaloid sharks examined, creatine phosphokinase activity was higher in all tissues of the deep living C. fabricii. Low white muscle glycolytic enzyme activities in the deep-sea species coupled with high creatine phosphokinase activity suggests that the capacity for short burst swimming is likely limited once creatine phosphate supplies have been exhausted., (Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)