6,705 results on '"TIME dilation"'
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302. Quantum clocks, gravitational time dilation, and quantum interference
- Author
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Chiba, Takeshi, primary and Kinoshita, Shunichiro, additional
- Published
- 2022
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303. Quantum time dilation in the near-horizon region of a black hole
- Author
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Hadi, H., primary, Atazadeh, K., additional, and Darabi, F., additional
- Published
- 2022
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304. Time dilation in quantum systems and decoherence
- Author
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Igor Pikovski, Magdalena Zych, Fabio Costa, and Časlav Brukner
- Subjects
decoherence ,time dilation ,quantum optics ,gravity in quantum systems ,macroscopic quantum systems ,Science ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Both quantum mechanics and general relativity are based on principles that defy our daily intuitions, such as time dilation, quantum interference and entanglement. Because the regimes where the two theories are typically tested are widely separated, their foundational principles are rarely jointly studied. Recent works have found that novel phenomena appear for quantum particles with an internal structure in the presence of time dilation, which can take place at low energies and in weak gravitational fields. Here we briefly review the effects of time dilation on quantum interference and generalize the results to a variety of systems. In addition, we provide an extended study of the basic principles of quantum theory and relativity that are of relevance for the effects and also address several questions that have been raised, such as the description in different reference frames, the role of the equivalence principle and the effective irreversibility of the decoherence. The manuscript clarifies some of the counterintuitive aspects arising when quantum phenomena and general relativistic effects are jointly considered.
- Published
- 2017
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305. Cosmological consequences of the Lorentz and Doppler transformations.
- Author
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Vavryčuk, Václav
- Subjects
MAXWELL equations ,LORENTZ transformations ,TIME dilation ,GENERAL relativity (Physics) ,LIGHT sources ,COSMIC background radiation - Abstract
The common opinion that the Lorentz transformation distorts the Minkowski spacetime arises from a mathematically incorrect neglect of its non-diagonal terms. When the non-diagonal Lorentz transformation is properly treated, the time dilation and the space distortion disappear. Consequently, the Lorentz metric produced by the Lorentz transformation is identical to the Minkowski metric. The spacetime distortion in moving inertial frames is properly described by the so-called Doppler metric produced by the Doppler transformation. This transformation assumes the existence of a preferred frame and depicts the Doppler shift of light for a moving light source and/or observer. The Doppler metric is Lorentz invariant and leaves the Maxwell's equations unchanged from their form in the Minkowski spacetime. Moreover, the Doppler metric is experimentally confirmed because it yields the null result in the Michelson–Morley experiment and other interferometric experiments. The suitability of the Doppler metric for describing light properties in Special and General Relativity is supported by recent cosmological observations of the cosmic microwave background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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306. Using Rotations to Control Observable Relativistic Effects.
- Author
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Brezov, Danail
- Subjects
GEOMETRIC quantum phases ,QUANTUM electrodynamics ,TIME dilation ,QUANTUM scattering ,ROTATIONAL motion - Abstract
This paper examines the possibility of controlling the outcome of measured (flat space-time) relativistic effects, such as time dilation or length contractions, using pure rotations and their nontrivial interactions with Lorentz boosts in the isometry group SO + (3 , 1) . In particular, boost contributions may annihilate leaving only a geometric phase (Wigner rotation), which we see in the complex solutions of the generalized Euler decomposition problem in R 3 . We consider numerical examples involving specific matrix factorizations, along with possible applications in special relativity, electrodynamics and quantum scattering. For clearer interpretation and simplified calculations we use a convenient projective biquaternion parametrization which emphasizes the geometric phases and for a large class of problems allows for closed-form solutions in terms of only rational functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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307. Inconsistency and Subjective Time Dilation Perception in Intertemporal Decision Making
- Author
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Lindomar Soares dos Santos and Alexandre Souto Martinez
- Subjects
econophysics ,psychophysics ,intertemporal decision making ,inconsistency ,time perception ,generalized models ,Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods ,T57-57.97 ,Probabilities. Mathematical statistics ,QA273-280 - Abstract
A large number of studies have demonstrated that intertemporal decision making process usually results in preferences that reverse over time, or choices that are inconsistent over time. Inconsistency can be explained by different discount models by the effect of reward value perception at different moments. Otherwise, one can also understand inconsistency as the result of the time perception effect. Here, we address inconsistency as the result of a subjective time dilation perception effect. We use arguments inspired by the special theory of relativity and focused our study on a generalized model that encompasses psychophysical effects on time perception, where we look for a transformation of the time interval between the pay times of two rewards. Additionally, we present a generalized two-argument hyperbolic utility function for the Bernoulli (logarithmic) one, associating their difference to subjective time intervals.
- Published
- 2018
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308. Relativistic effects on phaseshift in frequencies invalidate time dilation II
- Author
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Deep Bhattacharjee, Priyanka Samal, and Soumendra Nath Thakur
- Abstract
Relative time emerges from relative frequencies. It is the phase shift in relative frequencies due to infinitesimal loss in wave energy and corresponding enlargement in the wavelengths of oscillations; which occur in any clock between relative locations due to the relativistic effects or difference in gravitational potential; result error in the reading of clock time; which is wrongly presented as time dilation.
- Published
- 2023
309. Topological quantum computation using analog gravitational holonomy and time dilation
- Author
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Emil Génetay Johansen and Tapio Simula
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics - Abstract
Non-universal topological quantum computation models, such as the Majorana fermion-based Ising anyon model, have to be supplemented with an additional non-topological noisy gate in order to achieve universality. Here we endeavour to remedy this using an Einstein—Cartan analog gravity picture of scalar fields. Specifically, we show that the analog gravity picture enables unitary transformations to be realized in two distinct ways: (i) via space-time holonomy and (ii) as gravitational time dilation. The non-abelian geometric phases are enabled by gravitational interactions, which are mediated by the spin-connection. We analytically compute its matrix elements as a function of the scalar field density distribution. This density can be regarded as the gravitating distribution of matter in an analog universe. We show via explicit calculations that there exists an infinite set of asymptotically flat analog gravitational fields, each of which implements a unique unitary transformation, that render the interactions topological. We emphasise the generality of this result by asserting that such gravitational gates could potentially be implemented in a broad range of real systems modeled by scalar field with an acoustic metric.
- Published
- 2023
310. Analytical Estimation of Time Dilation of a Satellite in Elliptical Orbit
- Author
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G. Prasad and P Manigandan
- Subjects
Satellite path ,Elliptic orbit ,Time dilation ,lcsh:Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics ,Global Positioning Syste ,Aerospace Engineering ,Geodesy ,Relativity ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Satellite ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,lcsh:TL1-4050 ,Geology - Abstract
This article describes the analytical estimation of time dilation along the elliptical orbit of a satellite due to effects of relativity where the functioning has been time-dependent. The satellites in circular orbit are calibrated as moving frame of reference at constant velocity in constant non inertial frame of reference, namely Global Positioning System satellites where effects of both relativistic and gravitational time dilations can be seen. This article deals with the variation of the time dilation along the elliptical orbit whose speed of reference frame varies with respect to time and also varying the non-inertial frame of reference. The relativistic effects on the time dilation, is caused by the Earth rotation, due to the orbit eccentricity. The estimated values have a scope in the field of space mechanics. As a result the plot has been intended along the orbit comparing to circular orbit in both special and general relativity perspective.
- Published
- 2018
311. On The Lack of Time Dilation Signatures in Gamma-ray Burst Light Curves
- Published
- 2013
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312. A DISCUSSION ABOUT TIME DILATION BASED ON SPECIAL RELATIVITY
- Author
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Xinghong Wang
- Subjects
Special Relativity, Theory of Relativity, Albert Einstein, Speed of Light, Frame of Reference, Theoretical Physics, Time Dilation, Space Travel & Time Expansion - Abstract
This article discusses time dilation based on special relativity. An experiment is designed to examine time dilation effects deduced from special relativity. This experiment is similar to but different from the famous “twin paradox” because this experiment doesn’t involve any accelerating process, or decelerating process, or change of travelling directions. Impossible results of the experiment are deduced by using special relativity. Thus it can be concluded that the theory of relativity (special relativity) is incorrect., {"references":["1.\tEinstein A. (1916), Relativity: The Special and General Theory (Translation 1920), New York: H. Holt and Company. 2.\tXinghong Wang, \"A Discussion about Special Relativity\", International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education, Volume 6, Issue 1, Page Number 4-7, 2021. 3.\tCalder, Nigel (2006). Magic Universe: A grand tour of modern science. Oxford University Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-19-280669-7."]}
- Published
- 2021
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313. On the theory of time dilation in chemical kinetics.
- Author
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Baig, Mirza Wasif
- Subjects
- *
TIME dilation , *CHEMICAL kinetics , *CHEMICAL reactions , *SPECIAL relativity (Physics) , *TRANSITION state theory (Chemistry) , *RADIOACTIVE decay , *COLLISION theory (Chemistry) , *MARCUS equation - Abstract
The rates of chemical reactions are not absolute but their magnitude depends upon the relative speeds of the moving observers. This has been proved by unifying basic theories of chemical kinetics, which are transition state theory, collision theory, RRKM and Marcus theory, with the special theory of relativity. Boltzmann constant and energy spacing between permitted quantum levels of molecules are quantum mechanically proved to be Lorentz variant. The relativistic statistical thermodynamics has been developed to explain quasi-equilibrium existing between reactants and activated complex. The newly formulated Lorentz transformation of the rate constant from Arrhenius equation, of the collision frequency and of the Eyring and Marcus equations renders the rate of reaction to be Lorentz variant. For a moving observer moving at fractions of the speed of light along the reaction coordinate, the transition state possess less kinetic energy to sweep translation over it. This results in the slower transformation of reactants into products and in a stretched time frame for the chemical reaction to complete. Lorentz transformation of the half-life equation explains time dilation of the half-life period of chemical reactions and proves special theory of relativity and presents theory in accord with each other. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the present theory, the enzymatic reaction of methylamine dehydrogenase and radioactive disintegration of Astatine into Bismuth are considered as numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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314. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide in Promoting Cervical Dilatation during Active Labour: An Observational study.
- Author
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Loke, Chandana, Soleti, Pavan, Prakash, Dharavath Bhanu, Chinnapaka, Pavani, and Muralidhar, C.
- Subjects
- *
LABOR (Obstetrics) , *TIME dilation , *BROMIDES , *FETAL distress , *SCIENTIFIC observation - Abstract
Background: Cervical dilatation is an essential aspect of active labour, which is necessary for the progress of delivery. Delayed or inadequate cervical dilatation can lead to prolonged labour, fetal distress, and the need for instrumental delivery. Pharmacological agents, such as Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide, are commonly used to promote cervical dilatation and facilitate delivery. Aim: To Observe the effectiveness of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide in Promoting Cervical Dilatation during Active Labour. Methodology: This was a randomized, observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 100 women in active labour, with a cervical dilatation of less than 4 cm, were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups, with 50 women in each group. The first group received Drotaverine Hydrochloride, while the second group received Valethamate Bromide. The drugs were administered intravenously as per the standard protocol. The rate of cervical dilatation was monitored in both groups for a period of 6 hours. Results: The mean rate of cervical dilatation in the Drotaverine Hydrochloride group was 1.7 cm/hour, while in the Valethamate Bromide group it was 1.2 cm/hour. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean time for cervical dilatation of 4 cm was 2.5 hours in the Drotaverine Hydrochloride group, while in the Valethamate Bromide group it was 3.5 hours. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The adverse effects observed in both groups were similar and mild. Conclusion: In this observational study, Drotaverine Hydrochloride was found to be more effective in promoting cervical dilatation during active labour as compared to Valethamate Bromide. However, further studies are needed to validate these findings and to explore the long-term effects of these drugs on maternal and fetal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
315. Biblical Evidence for Time Dilation in the Cosmos.
- Author
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Humphreys, D. Russell
- Subjects
- *
BIBLICAL cosmology , *TIME dilation , *GRAVITATION - Abstract
Several Scriptures imply that at the end of this age, presumably not long from now, distant stars will be much older than we see them now. The time required for most stars to get old is many billions of years, yet that much aging must occur within the roughly 6,000 years the Bible says have elapsed on Earth since Creation. Cosmologies using Einstein's gravitational time dilation assert that clocks (and all physical processes) in the distant cosmos once ticked much faster than they did on Earth, so the above-mentioned Scriptures support those theories. But the Anisotropic Synchrony Convention (ASC) cosmology does not allow for time dilation, so the above-mentioned Scriptures are evidence against the ASC view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
316. Attention and schema violations of real world scenes differentially modulate time perception.
- Author
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Tachmatzidou, Ourania and Vatakis, Argiro
- Subjects
- *
TIME perception , *TIME dilation , *OBJECT manipulation , *ATTENTION - Abstract
In the real world, object arrangement follows a number of rules. Some of the rules pertain to the spatial relations between objects and scenes (i.e., syntactic rules) and others about the contextual relations (i.e., semantic rules). Research has shown that violation of semantic rules influences interval timing with the duration of scenes containing such violations to be overestimated as compared to scenes with no violations. However, no study has yet investigated whether both semantic and syntactic violations can affect timing in the same way. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the effect of scene violations on timing is due to attentional or other cognitive accounts. Using an oddball paradigm and real-world scenes with or without semantic and syntactic violations, we conducted two experiments on whether time dilation will be obtained in the presence of any type of scene violation and the role of attention in any such effect. Our results from Experiment 1 showed that time dilation indeed occurred in the presence of syntactic violations, while time compression was observed for semantic violations. In Experiment 2, we further investigated whether these estimations were driven by attentional accounts, by utilizing a contrast manipulation of the target objects. The results showed that an increased contrast led to duration overestimation for both semantic and syntactic oddballs. Together, our results indicate that scene violations differentially affect timing due to violation processing differences and, moreover, their effect on timing seems to be sensitive to attentional manipulations such as target contrast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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317. Importance of synchronization in the observation of event coordinates.
- Author
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Iyer, Chandru
- Subjects
- *
SYNCHRONIZATION , *TIME dilation , *RELATIVITY (Physics) , *SPECIAL relativity (Physics) , *LORENTZ transformations - Abstract
The importance of synchronization of spatially separated clocks in observing event coordinates cannot be overemphasized. We illustrate this with a real-world example. The results show the dependence of both length contraction and time dilation on the adopted synchronization convention. It is illustrated that a change in synchronization convention completely alters the appearance of the physical world. This is to be viewed in the context of the stated position in physics that synchronization of spatially separated clocks in any inertial frame depended on the adoption of a convention for its resolution. The preferred method of synchronization of spatially separated clocks is the standard convention recommended by the theory of relativity; however, it still remains a convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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318. Contradiction in Einstein’s subjective explanation of the gravitational and kinematic time dilation
- Author
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Reiner Georg Ziefle
- Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy - Abstract
Einstein’s special and general relativity are relics from before quantum physics. If forces are transmitted by quanta, this must also apply to gravity. As light consist of quanta, it is only logical that gravitational quanta interact with light. In my article “Cognitive bias in physics with respect to Einstein’s relativity, demonstrated by the famous experiment of Pound and Rebka (1960), which in reality refutes Einstein’s general relativity” [R. G. Ziefle, Phys. Essays 35, 91 (2022)], I could demonstrate that Einstein’s “proper time” t 0 does not refer to reference frames but to gravitational potentials. That is why “Newtonian quantum gravity” [R. G. Ziefle, Phys. Essays 33, 99 (2020)] can predict the correct curvature of a light beam at the surface of the Sun. Also, the phenomena observed at the binary pulsar PSR B1913 + 16 can precisely be predicted by merely applying Kepler’s second law. If gravitational quanta move away from masses with the constant speed c of light, this coincides with Einstein’s postulate of a constant speed c of light with respect to reference frames, as a mass, such as a star or a planet, can also be defined as a reference frame. Therefore, Einstein’s found by chance an artificial and complicated method to calculate changes in space-time caused by motion, which are in reality additional gravitational effects caused by the relative velocity between gravitational quanta emitted by masses and other masses or photons.
- Published
- 2022
319. Measuring the Effect of Gravitational Time Dilation in a Duplex Ground-Based Quantum Level
- Author
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V.F. Fateev, F.R. Smirnov, and S.S. Donchenko
- Subjects
Applied Mathematics ,General Engineering ,Instrumentation ,Engineering (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2022
320. The past appears to run slower: Cosmological time dilation means the early universe's events seem five times slower to us
- Author
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Ly, Chen
- Subjects
Time dilatation -- Research ,Astronomical research ,Quasars -- Research ,Business ,Science and technology - Abstract
TIME seems to have ticked more slowly when the universe was young, according to observations of ancient astronomical objects that appear to evolve at a fifth of the rate we [...]
- Published
- 2023
321. Dilatação do tempo, referenciais acelerados e o paradoxo dos gêmeos.
- Author
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de Freitas, Gabriel B. R. L. and Gomes, André H.
- Abstract
Copyright of Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física is the property of Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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322. On Time Dilation, Space Contraction, and the Question of Relativistic Mass
- Author
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Millette, Pierre A.
- Subjects
Special relativity (Physics) -- Analysis ,Lorentz contraction -- Analysis ,Physics - Abstract
In this paper, we revisit the question of relativistic mass to clarify the meaning of this concept within special relativity, and consider time dilation and length contraction in more detail. We see that 'length contraction' is a misnomer and that it should really be named 'space contraction' to avoid confusion, and demonstrate the complementary nature of time dilation and space contraction. We see that relativistic mass is dependent on the difference in velocity v between an object's proper frame of reference that is at rest with the object and the frame of reference from which it is observed. We show that the inertial mass of a body is its proper mass while the relativistic mass [m.sup.*] is in effect an effective mass. We find that relativistic mass results from dealing with dynamic equations in local time t in a frame of reference moving with respect to the object of interest, instead of the invariant proper time t in the frame of reference at rest with the object. The results obtained are in agreement with the Elastodynamics of the Spacetime Continuum., 1 Introduction The concept of relativistic mass has been a part of special relativistic physics since it was first introduced by Einstein [1,2] and explored by the early relativists (see [...]
- Published
- 2017
323. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE APPROACH OF OSCILLATORY SYSTEMS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF TIME DILATION
- Author
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Viktor Kuzmenko
- Subjects
Control and Systems Engineering - Abstract
The paper considers the problem of the approach of two controlled systems describing the dynamics of mathematical pendulums, in which one of the objects seeks to achieve thе meeting, and the other to avoid it. In order to apply the first direct method of L.S. Pontryagin, to solve the problem, a modification of this method was required, based on the application of the time dilation principle. The reason is that the Pontryagin condition, which is the basis of the first direct method and, in fact, provides the possibility of constructing the control at each instant of time according to the current control of the evader, is not satisfied for the problem at hand. This condition reflects the advantage of the pursuer over the evading object in control resources, expressed through the parameters of the systems. A modification of the Pontryagin condition is used, which includes the so-called time dilation function, which plays a decisive role in the construction of the control of the pursuer on the basis of the evaderʼs control in the past, as it were, on the basis of delayed information. For the problem under study, an appropriate function of time dilation is introduced and conditions are derived that ensure the possibility of meeting of the objects in a prescribed finite time. Also, formulas are given that describe the way of constructing the pursuer control on the basis of the adversary control in the past. Using software, a visual illustration of the process of convergence of the objects on the plane, provided the evader is moving in a stable orbit, is created. The algorithm for constructing the current control of the pursuer that leads to the meeting is described.
- Published
- 2022
324. Time dilation of quantum clocks in a Newtonian gravitational field
- Author
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Favalli, Tommaso and Smerzi, Augusto
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
We consider two non-relativistic quantum clocks interacting with a Newtonian gravitational field produced by a spherical mass. In the framework of Page and Wootters approach, we derive a time dilation for the time states of the clocks. The delay is in agreement up to first order with the gravitational time dilation obtained from the Schwarzschild metric. This result can be extended by considering the relativistic gravitational potential: in this case we obtain the agreement with the exact Schwarzschild solution., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures
- Published
- 2023
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325. Note on the Time Dilation for Charged Quantum Clocks
- Author
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Chiba, Takeshi and Kinoshita, Shunichiro
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
We derive the time dilation formula for charged quantum clocks in electromagnetic fields. As a concrete example of non-inertial motion, we consider a cyclotron motion in a uniform magnetic field. Applying the time dilation formula to coherent state of the charged quantum clock, we evaluate the time dilation quantum-mechanically., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures
- Published
- 2023
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326. Time Dilation Due to Density - A Theory of Universal Time Dilation
- Author
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Bhargava R Kotur
- Published
- 2023
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327. Testing the Cosmological Principle: On the Time Dilation of Distant Sources
- Author
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Oliver T Oayda and Geraint F Lewis
- Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Space and Planetary Science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
We present a novel test of the cosmological principle: the idea that, on sufficiently large scales, the universe should appear homogeneous and isotropic to observers comoving with the Hubble flow. This is a fundamental assumption in modern cosmology, underpinning the use of the Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker metric as part of the concordance $\Lambda$CDM paradigm. However, the observed dipole imprinted on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is interpreted as our departure from the Hubble flow, and such a proper motion will induce a directionally-dependent time dilation over the sky. We illustrate the feasibility of detection of this 'time dilation dipole' and sketch the practical steps involved in its extraction from a catalogue of sources with intrinsic time-scales. In essence, whilst the scale of this dilation is small, being of order of 0.1%, it will in principle be detectable in large scale surveys of variable cosmological sources, such as quasars and supernovae. The degree of alignment of the time dilation dipole with the kinematic dipole derived from the CMB will provide a new assessment of the cosmological principle, and address the tension in dipole measures from other observations., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
- Published
- 2023
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328. Deriving Gravity from Time Dilation
- Author
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AbdulMajid, Basel
- Abstract
We derive the theory of gravity from the principle of time dilation, a fundamental concept in relativity. Using the constancy of the speed of light and the principle of relativity, we show that time dilation is caused by the curvature of spacetime due to the presence of mass. This leads to a correction term in the geodesic equation that describes the motion of particles under the influence of gravity. This correction term can be interpreted as the gravitational force being mediated by the curvature of spacetime. Our derivation highlights the fundamental connection between gravity and the geometry of spacetime, and demonstrates the power of using principles of relativity and time dilation to derive physical laws.
- Published
- 2023
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329. A unified treatment of the redshift, the Doppler effect, and the time dilation in general relativity
- Author
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Kasai, Masumi
- Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
WWe present a unified treatment of the gravitational and cosmological redshift, the Doppler effect due to the moving observer or light source, and the time dilation in the gravitational field in the framework of general relativity. We apply it to the cases of moving observer or light source in the gravitational field and obtain the Doppler effect formula, in addition to the standard gravitational or cosmological redshift. In particular, the longitudinal and the transverse Doppler effects are explicitly given which hold in fully general-relativistic situations. We also examine the time dilation of the moving clock on geodesic in the gravitational field. We confirm that the well-known formula for the ratio of the elapsed times $\Delta \bar{T}/\Delta T_1 = \sqrt{1 - \frac{3}{2}\frac{r_g}{r}}\Bigl/\sqrt{1 - \frac{r_g}{r_1}}$, where $\Delta \bar{T}$ is of the moving clock on circular orbit with radius $r$ and $\Delta T_1$ is of the observer at rest $r=r_1$ and $r_g$ is the Schwarzschild radius, exactly holds without approximation. We also derive the new result for the time dilation of the moving clock on elliptical orbit with the semi-major axis $a$. The ratio of the elapsed times, after the time average per cycle, is $\langle\Delta \bar{T}\rangle/\Delta T_1 \simeq \sqrt{1 - \frac{3}{2}\frac{r_g}{a}}\Bigl/\sqrt{1 - \frac{r_g}{r_1}}$, which holds up to the first order of $r_g$.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
330. Towards a 1% Measurement of the Hubble Constant: Accounting for Time Dilation in Variable Star Light Curves
- Author
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Anderson, Richard I. and Anderson, Richard I.
- Abstract
Assessing the significance and implications of the recently established Hubble tension requires the comprehensive identification, quantification, and mitigation of uncertainties and/or biases affecting $H_0$ measurements. Here, we investigate the previously overlooked distance scale bias resulting from the interplay between redshift and Leavitt laws in an expanding Universe: Redshift-Leavitt bias (RLB). Redshift dilates oscillation periods of pulsating stars residing in supernova-host galaxies relative to periods of identical stars residing in nearby (anchor) galaxies. Multiplying dilated $\log{P}$ with Leavitt Law slopes leads to underestimated absolute magnitudes, overestimated distance moduli, and a systematic error on $H_0$. Emulating the SH0ES distance ladder, we estimate an associated $H_0$ bias of $(0.27 \pm 0.01)$% and obtain a corrected $H_0 = (73.70 \pm 1.40) \rm{km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}}$. RLB becomes increasingly relevant as distance ladder calibrations pursue greater numbers of ever more distant galaxies hosting both Cepheids (or Miras) and type-Ia supernovae. The measured periods of oscillating stars can readily be corrected for heliocentric redshift (e.g. of their host galaxies) in order to ensure $H_0$ measurements free of RLB., Comment: Astronomy & Astrophysics in press. 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; V2 contains minor corrections following proofing stage
- Published
- 2019
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331. Universality of quantum time dilation
- Author
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Dębski, Kacper, Grochowski, Piotr T., Demkowicz-Dobrzański, Rafał, and Dragan, Andrzej
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Time dilation is a difference in measured time between two clocks that either move with different velocities or experience different gravitational potentials. Both of these effects stem from the theory of relativity and are usually associated with classically defined trajectories, characterized by position, momentum, and acceleration. However, when spatial degrees of freedom are treated in a quantum way and a clock is allowed to be in a coherent superposition of either two momenta or two heights, additional quantum corrections to classical time dilation appear, called kinematic and gravitational quantum time dilations, respectively. We show that similarly to its classical counterpart, kinematic quantum time dilation is universal for any clock mechanism, while gravitational quantum time dilation is not. We also show that although both of these effects reduce to incoherent averaging of different classical time dilation contributions, there exists an additional quantum time dilation effect that has no classical analog and can be extracted from higher-order corrections to the system's Hamiltonian.
- Published
- 2022
332. Constraining the minimally extended varying speed of light model using time dilations
- Author
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Seokcheon Lee
- Subjects
varying speed of light ,cosmological time dilation ,supernovae ,cosmological redshift ,standard model cosmology ,Astronomy ,QB1-991 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
The Robertson–Walker (RW) metric, derived from the cosmological principle and Weyl’s postulate, characterizes the ΛCDM cosmological model. Traditionally, in this framework, the assumption of a constant speed of light leads to specific cosmological time dilation (TD). However, because the Robertson–Walker metric lacks a way to define time dilation, the speed of light, like wavelength and temperature, may vary with cosmic time. The minimally extended varying speed of light (meVSL) model fits standard cosmological observations while considering the evolution of physical constants. One model-independent test for the meVSL model is cosmological time dilation. However, current data cannot distinguish between the meVSL model and the standard model.
- Published
- 2024
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333. Testing Relativistic Time Dilation beyond the Weak-Field Post-Newtonian Approximation
- Author
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Yaakov Friedman and Esra Yudkin
- Subjects
astrophysical studies of gravity ,relativistic time delay ,gravitational redshift ,alternative theories ,breaking of time reversal ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In General Relativity, the gravitational field of a spherically symmetric non-rotating body is described by the Schwarzschild metric. This metric is invariant under time reversal, which implies that the power series expansion of the time dilation contains only even powers of v / c . The weak-field post-Newtonian approximation defines the relativistic time dilation of order ϵ (or of order ( v / c ) 2 ) of the small parameter. The next non-zero term of the time dilation is expected to be of order ϵ 2 , which is impossible to measure with current technology. The new model presented here, called Relativistic Newtonian Dynamics, describes the field with respect to the coordinate system of a far-removed observer. The resulting metric preserves the symmetries of the problem and satisfies Einstein’s field equations, but predicts an additional term of order ϵ 3 / 2 for the time dilation. This term will cause an additional periodic time delay for clocks in eccentric orbits. The analysis of the gravitational redshift data from the Galileo satellites in eccentric orbits indicates that, by performing an improved satellite mission, it would be possible to test this additional time delay. This would reveal which of the coordinate systems and which of the above metrics are real. In addition to the increase of accuracy of the time dilation predictions, such an experiment could determine whether the metric of a spherically symmetric body is time reversible and whether the speed of light propagating toward the gravitating body is the same as the speed propagating away from it. More accurate time dilation and one-way speed of light formulas are important for astronomical research and for global positioning systems.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
334. Utilizing relativistic time dilation for time-resolved studies
- Author
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Hazem Daoud and R. J. Dwayne Miller
- Subjects
Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph) ,Physics ,Photon ,010304 chemical physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Pulse duration ,Electron ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,0104 chemical sciences ,Computational physics ,Orders of magnitude (time) ,Physics - Chemical Physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Cathode ray ,Time dilation ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Beam (structure) ,Optics (physics.optics) ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Time-resolved studies have so far relied on rapidly triggering a photo-induced dynamic in chemical or biological ions or molecules and subsequently probing them with a beam of fast moving photons or electrons that crosses the studied samples in a short period of time. Hence, the time resolution of the signal is mainly set by the pulse duration of the pump and probe pulses. In this paper, we propose a different approach to this problem that has the potential to consistently achieve orders of magnitude higher time resolutions than what is possible with laser technology or electron beam compression methods. Our proposed approach relies on accelerating the sample to a high speed to achieve relativistic time dilation. Probing the time-dilated sample would open up previously inaccessible time resolution domains.
- Published
- 2021
335. Measuring the Effect of Gravitational Time Dilation in a Duplex Ground-Based Quantum Level.
- Author
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Fateev, V.F., Smirnov, F.R., and Donchenko, S.S.
- Subjects
TIME dilation ,GRAVITATIONAL effects ,RADIO lines ,CLOCKS & watches ,RADIO (Medium) ,QUANTUM logic ,GRAVITATIONAL potential - Abstract
For the first time, the possibility of measuring the difference in gravitational potentials and orthometric heights by a quantum level based on the gravitational effect of time dilation using ground communication lines is considered. The duplex mode of measurements using two opposite radio channels is theoretically described. The dilation effect was experimentally measured using a one-way radio communication line implemented based on a fiber-optic link. For measurements, stationary and mobile (transportable) quantum hydrogen clocks were used with relative instabilities of (0.5-0.7)×10
-15 and 1×10-15 , respectively. It was found that in the experiment, the gravitational redshift of the frequency between the utilized clocks has two components: the redshift of the master oscillator frequency and the classical redshift in the radio channel. Based on the measurement results, the displacement height of the transportable quantum hydrogen clock was calculated to be (–34.0 ± 0.8) m, while the actual height was –34 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
336. An Undergraduate Demonstration of Gravitational Time Dilation
- Author
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Robert Olesen, Michael D. Leveille, B. M. Patterson, Armand R. Dominguez, Brian B. Gebhard, Jonathan Schiller, M. Shane Burns, Samuel E. Huestis, M. Alina Gearba, Mario Serna, Jeffrey Steele, David Emanuel, Jerry Sell, and Patrick O'Shea
- Subjects
Gravitational time dilation ,Physics ,General relativity ,Elevation ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Astronomy ,Atomic clock ,Education ,Black hole ,symbols.namesake ,Gravitational field ,Planet ,symbols ,Einstein - Abstract
According to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, a clock runs more slowly if it is close to a large gravitating object. This principle was highlighted in the movie “Interstellar,” in which the main character spends several hours on a planet orbiting a massive black hole, and returns to find that his young daughter has become an elderly woman. In the movie, one hour on the planet equates to seven years on Earth. The same effect can be measured on a much smaller scale by changing locations within Earth’s gravitational field. Using atomic clocks, we have compared the ticking of time at Colorado College (elevation 1845 m above sea level), at the United States Air Force Academy (elevation 2165 m), and near the summit of Pikes Peak (elevation 4288 m). Our results confirm that clocks do indeed tick more quickly at higher altitudes, in accordance with Einstein’s theory. This work was carried out as a collaboration of physics majors and faculty at Colorado College (CC) and the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA). The experimental technique is straightforward and our results can be reproduced by other students and teachers, given access to an atomic clock and reasonably large changes in elevation. Indeed, a similar endeavor has been reported by amateur clock enthusiasts.
- Published
- 2020
337. time dilation.
- Author
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St. Claire, Joshua
- Subjects
TIME dilation ,SUBDUCTION zones ,LEGACY systems - Abstract
An untitled poem by Joshua St. Claire is presented. First line: time dilation; Last Line: penetrates a red canna.
- Published
- 2024
338. Measurement of gravitational time dilation: An undergraduate research project.
- Author
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Burns, M. Shane, Leveille, Michael D., Dominguez, Armand R., Gebhard, Brian B., Huestis, Samuel E., Steele, Jeffrey, Patterson, Brian, Sell, Jerry F., Serna, Mario, Gearba, M. Alina, Olesen, Robert, O'Shea, Patrick, and Schiller, Jonathan
- Subjects
- *
GRAVITATIONAL time dilation , *UNDERGRADUATES , *SEA level , *GLOBAL Positioning System - Abstract
General relativity predicts that clocks run more slowly near massive objects. The effect is small--a clock at sea level lags behind one 1000m above sea level by only 9.4 ns/day. Here, we demonstrate that a measurement of this effect can be done by undergraduate students. Our paper describes an experiment conducted by undergraduate researchers at Colorado College and the United States Air Force Academy to measure gravitational time dilation. The measurement was done by comparing the signals generated by a GPS frequency standard (sea-level time) to a Cs-beam frequency standard at seven different altitudes above sea level. We found that our measurements are consistent with the predictions of general relativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
339. The Amount of Time Dilation for Visual Flickers Corresponds to the Amount of Neural Entrainments Measured by EEG
- Author
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Yuki Hashimoto and Yuko Yotsumoto
- Subjects
time perception ,duration perception ,neural entrainment ,time ,EEG ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The neural basis of time perception has long attracted the interests of researchers. Recently, a conceptual model consisting of neural oscillators was proposed and validated by behavioral experiments that measured the dilated duration in perception of a flickering stimulus (Hashimoto and Yotsumoto, 2015). The model proposed that flickering stimuli cause neural entrainment of oscillators, resulting in dilated time perception. In this study, we examined the oscillator-based model of time perception, by collecting electroencephalography (EEG) data during an interval-timing task. Initially, subjects observed a stimulus, either flickering at 10-Hz or constantly illuminated. The subjects then reproduced the duration of the stimulus by pressing a button. As reported in previous studies, the subjects reproduced 1.22 times longer durations for flickering stimuli than for continuously illuminated stimuli. The event-related potential (ERP) during the observation of a flicker oscillated at 10 Hz, reflecting the 10-Hz neural activity phase-locked to the flicker. Importantly, the longer reproduced duration was associated with a larger amplitude of the 10-Hz ERP component during the inter-stimulus interval, as well as during the presentation of the flicker. The correlation between the reproduced duration and the 10-Hz oscillation during the inter-stimulus interval suggested that the flicker-induced neural entrainment affected time dilation. While the 10-Hz flickering stimuli induced phase-locked entrainments at 10 Hz, we also observed event-related desynchronizations of spontaneous neural oscillations in the alpha-frequency range. These could be attributed to the activation of excitatory neurons while observing the flicker stimuli. In addition, neural activity at approximately the alpha frequency increased during the reproduction phase, indicating that flicker-induced neural entrainment persisted even after the offset of the flicker. In summary, our results suggest that the duration perception is mediated by neural oscillations, and that time dilation induced by flickering visual stimuli can be attributed to neural entrainment.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
340. Comments on The Experimental Proofs of Relativistic Length Contraction and Time Dilation by O. D. Jefimenko
- Author
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Sfarti, Adrian, primary
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
341. Photon propagation during source/target shifts falsifies special theory time dilation
- Author
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Sauerheber, Richard D., primary
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
342. Time dilation in fourth spatial dimension
- Author
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Ali, Arif, primary and Sapkota, Divya Raj, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
343. Ab initio quantum theory of mass defect and time dilation in trapped-ion optical clocks
- Author
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Martínez-Lahuerta, V. J., primary, Eilers, S., additional, Mehlstäubler, T. E., additional, Schmidt, P. O., additional, and Hammerer, K., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
344. Does time dilation tell us the distance to gamma-ray bursts?
- Author
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Wijers, Ralph A. M. J.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
345. A revision of the time dilation effect in the special theory of relativity.
- Author
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Drożdżyński, Janusz
- Subjects
- *
TIME dilation , *SPECIAL relativity (Physics) , *LASER pulses , *SPACE vehicles , *GLOBAL Positioning System , *MICHELSON-Morley experiment - Abstract
In this paper, it has been shown that some experimental confirmations for the so-called "time dilation effect" may be in a rational way explained on the basis of a thought experiment presented in a previous paper [J. Drozdzynski, Phys. Essays 26, 321 (2013)]. The performed analysis has proven, that in order to carry out a round trip of a laser pulse from the source to a perpendicular located mirror and back to the starting point, the laser source in motion of the spaceship with a constant speed must be pointed at an angle in the direction of movement; whereas at rest it should be directed perpendicular to that axis. This means, that we have not to deal with a "time dilation effect" but with two separate measurements of two separate laser signals, moving at two different distances. The ratio of the two time intervals is expressed by a somewhat different equation as stated by the Special Theory Relativity and possesses also a dissimilar meaning. It has been shown also that it can be evaluated by the observer in motion by himself as well as that the phenomenon of a reiativistic length contraction does not exist. On this basis, a quantitative relation between time intervals of such oscillations in two reference frames, which are in motion with a different speed with respect to the frame at absolute rest, has been received. The relation may be of some significance for the Global Positioning System (GPS). A rational explanation of the "moving clocks" experiments as well as the "time dilation effect" of muons is presented. The existence of "paradoxes," resulting from Special Relativity has been excluded. A new elucidation of the null result in the Michelson-Morley experiment is presented. The analysis was based on classical physics and is giving additional evidence for the erroneousness of the principle of relativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
346. Time dilation effects on Earth surface: Optical lattice clocks measurements
- Author
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H. Eduardo Roman and Roman, H
- Subjects
Earth surface ,Physics ,Optical lattice ,Gravitational potential ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Time dilation, atomic clocks, equivalence principle ,Time dilation ,Ground floor ,010306 general physics ,01 natural sciences ,Tower (mathematics) ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
Recently, Takamoto et al. (2020) have discussed high precision measurements of gravity induced time dilation effects on optical lattice clocks located near the Earth surface. A relative tick frequency change, $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}/{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{0}=(49\text{ }337.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.3){10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$, is found between two optical lattice clocks, one located at the ground floor, $h=0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{m}$, and the second one at an altitude ${h}_{\mathrm{exp}}=452.596\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{m}$, on the Skytree tower in Tokyo. The results are compared with the predictions of Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) estimated as an average over gravimeter measurements at $h=0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{m}$ and $h=450\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{m}$. We present a different derivation of the EEP prediction based on the calculation of the effective gravitational potential on the ground floor and at $h={h}_{\mathrm{exp}}$, in excellent agreement with the value $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}/{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{0}$, providing an independent method to validate the differences in time dilation measured experimentally. In addition, we obtain the next-order correction to the present results, which may be tested in future more accurate experiments.
- Published
- 2020
347. A Simple Derivation of Time Dilation and Length Contraction in Special Relativity
- Author
-
Behroozi, Fr
- Abstract
Undergraduate physics majors typically begin their study of modern physics with special relativity. It is here that physics students first encounter the counterintuitive concepts of time dilation and length contraction. Unfortunately, the derivations of these results are often cloaked in several layers of analysis that render them rather mysterious and otherworldly for novice students. Here we show how a very simple thought experiment leads directly to a student-friendly derivation of time dilation and length contraction. The only assumption needed is the constancy of the speed of light.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
348. Haptic experience of bodies alters body perception.
- Author
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Myga, Kasia A., Azañón, Elena, Ambroziak, Klaudia B., Ferrè, Elisa R., and Longo, Matthew R.
- Subjects
BODY image ,OBESITY ,AVERSIVE stimuli ,TIME dilation ,VISION - Abstract
Research on media's effects on body perception has mainly focused on the role of vision of extreme body types. However, haptics is a major part of the way children experience bodies. Playing with unrealistically thin dolls has been linked to the emergence of body image concerns, but the perceptual mechanisms remain unknown. We explore the effects of haptic experience of extreme body types on body perception, using adaptation aftereffects. Blindfolded participants judged whether the doll-like stimuli explored haptically were thinner or fatter than the average body before and after adaptation to an underweight or overweight doll. In a second experiment, participants underwent a traditional visual adaptation paradigm to extreme bodies, using stimuli matched to those in Experiment 1. For both modalities, after adaptation to an underweight body test bodies were judged as fatter. Adaptation to an overweight body produced opposite results. For the first time, we show adiposity aftereffects in haptic modality, analogous to those established in vision, using matched stimuli across visual and haptic paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
349. Tunnel motion: Pupil dilations to optic flow within illusory dark holes.
- Author
-
Laeng, Bruno, Nabil, Shoaib, and Kitaoka, Akiyoshi
- Subjects
OPTICAL flow ,PUPILLOMETRY ,EYE examination ,TIME dilation ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
We showed to the same observers both dynamic and static 2D patterns that can both evoke distinctive perceptions of motion or optic flow, as if moving in a tunnel or into a dark hole. At all times pupil diameters were monitored with an infrared eye tracker. We found a converging set of results indicating stronger pupil dilations to expansive growth of shapes or optic flows evoking a forward motion into a dark tunnel. Multiple regression analyses showed that the pupil responses to the illusory expanding black holes of static patterns were predicted by the individuals' pupil response to optic flows showing spiraling motion or "free fall" into a black hole. Also, individuals' pupil responses to spiraling motion into dark tunnels predicted the individuals' sense of illusory expansion with the static, illusory expanding, dark holes. This correspondence across individuals between their pupil responses to both dynamic and static, illusory expanding, holes suggests that these percepts reflect a common perceptual mechanism, deriving motion from 2D scenes, and that the observers' pupil adjustments reflect the direction and strength of motion they perceive and the expected outcome of an increase in darkness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
350. Analysis of pupillary responses in pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency.
- Author
-
Biçer, Gamze Yıldırım, Yılmaz Öztorun, Zeynep, Biçer, Kadir Eren, and Zor, Kürşad Ramazan
- Subjects
VITAMIN D deficiency ,PUPILLARY reflex ,CHILD patients ,TIME dilation ,DYSAUTONOMIA - Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on pupillary responses in the pediatric population. Methods: The study was conducted using data from the right eyes of 52 children with vitamin D deficiency and 52 healthy children. Measurements were taken under static and dynamic conditions with automatic pupillometry. Static measurements were performed at scotopic, mesopic, and photopic light intensities. The mean pupil dilation speed was calculated by observing the changes in pupil dilation over time according to dynamic measurements. Differences between patient and control groups were analyzed for the static and dynamic measurements and the mean pupil dilation speed. Results: While the two groups were similar in terms of scotopic, mesopic, the first dynamic measurements, and the pupil dilation speed data (p > 0.05), a significant difference was found in the photopic conditions (p = 0.001). The mean pupil diameter of the patient group was 4.46 ± 0.928 mm and 3.95 ± 0.556 mm in the control group under photopic conditions. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency have significantly larger pupil diameters in photopic conditions than healthy children. These results suggest that there is an autonomic dysfunction in vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population, especially pointing to the parasympathetic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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