Search

Extensive research has explored the ability of young children to learn about the causal structure of the world from patterns of evidence. These studies, however, have been conducted with middle-class samples from North America and Europe. In the present study, low-income Peruvian 4- and 5-year-olds and adults, low-income U.S. 4- and 5-year-olds in Head Start programs, and middle-class children from the United States participated in a causal learning task (N = 435). Consistent with previous studies, children learned both specific causal relations and more abstract causal principles across culture and socioeconomic status (SES). The Peruvian children and adults generally performed like middle-class U.S. children and adults, but the low-SES U.S. children showed some differences.

Inductive reasoning, which entails reaching conclusions that are based on but go beyond available evidence, has long been of interest in cognitive science. Nevertheless, knowledge is still lacking as to the specific cognitive processes that underlie inductive reasoning. Here, we shed light on these processes in two ways. First, we characterized the timecourse of inductive reasoning in a rule induction task, using pupil dilation as a moment-by-moment measure of cognitive load. Participants' patterns of behavior and pupillary responses indicated that they engaged in rule inference on-line, and were surprised when additional evidence violated their inferred rules. Second, we sought to gain insight into how participants represented rules on this task - specifically, whether they would structure the rules hierarchically when possible. We predicted the cognitive load imposed by hierarchical representations, as well as by non-hierarchical, flat ones. We used task-evoked pupil dilation as a metric of cognitive load to infer, based on these predictions, which participants represented rules with flat or hierarchical structures. Participants categorized as representing the rules hierarchically or flat differed in task performance and self-reports of strategy. Hierarchical rule representation was associated with more efficient performance and more pronounced pupillary responses to rule violations on trials that afford a higher-order regularity, but with less efficient performance on trials that do not. Thus, differences in rule representation can be inferred from a physiological measure of cognitive load, and are associated with differences in performance. These results illustrate how pupillometry can provide a window into reasoning as it unfolds over time.

Psychological readiness for secondary school requires new development tools. The article focuses on conceptual thinking as a factor in the psychological readiness of younger schoolchildren for secondary school. The research objective was to identify the effect of conceptual thinking on psychological readiness for secondary education. Conceptual thinking is a key factor for the development of academic knowledge, as well as for the formation of meta-subject competencies. In fact, it is regarded as a criterion for psychological readiness for academic activities in general. The article focuses on psychological readiness from different angles, e.g., as adaptation to the peculiarities of the academic process. It describes the difficulties that students face in the learning process, as well as analyzes the necessary competencies and neoplasms necessary for secondary school. The authors developed recommendations for effective psychological readiness. The results obtained can be used for pedagogical and psychological support.

Background and Objectives: Thesedays, people all over the world are faced down with the public media as new communication technologies in societies. A phenomenon that has been able to cover a large part of their daily lives and as the most important communication way with the world, affect on all private and public areas such as religion, ethics, politics, society and culture. Media literacy creates the opportunity to achieve a framework of criticism view in this field by educating and raising the audience knowledge level. Therefore, media literacy could be introduced as the ability of the audience to analyze the message of various media with a criticism view of the content of these messages. Therefore, teaching media literacy to students, as individuals who will play the most important role in the future of any society, can have a significant impact on creating a correct and efficient understanding of the atmosphere of today's societies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of teaching thinking and media literacy book on the ability of optimal media consumption and criticism analysis of its messages in the tenth grade students in the Khomein city.Methods: The present study is an applied research and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. In the present study, the pre-test & post-test designs has been used by performing four steps. The statistical population included 1173 students in the tenth grade of Khomein city in the 1398-99 academic year. Sampling method used in this research is available sampling. The sample size of this study in the experimental group is a class by 30 student. To evaluate the criticism analysis of media messages and its components, two standard media literacy questionnaires Azizi & Falsafi with 59 and 20 items were used, respectively. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by expert authors in this field and Their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.89 For Azizi questionnary & 0.79 for Falsafi questionnary. Then, during the academic year, students were taught a book on thinking and media literacy. At the end, the post-test was taken from the experimental group. Data analysis in the descriptive statistics section includes plenty, percentage, mean and standard deviation and in the inferential section correlation or paired t-test; Data analysis was also performed with SPSS 25 software.Findings: The findings of this study show that the mean scores of the ability of optimal media consumption, criticism message analysis, message properties and the message criticism in the post-test compared to the pre-test has increased significantly. Also, the difference between the variables pair are at the 95% meaningfulness. In the other words, it can be claimed that there is a significant difference in all components of these two variables.Conclusion: According to this research findings, it can be concluded that teaching the book of thinking and media literacy in the tenth grade of high school in the Khomein city can improve the ability of optimal media consumption and the criticism message analysis in the students.

This article reflects on the use of systems thinking as a research tool in sport and exercise science. The author discusses their fascination with understanding performance limitations in football and designing interventions to address them. They express dissatisfaction with their current problem-solving paradigms and propose that a shift in perspective to systems thinking could provide new insights and opportunities for intervention. The author shares their experience of discovering systems thinking through a book and collaborating with researchers who use this approach. They believe that greater awareness and application of systems thinking in sport science research will be beneficial and look forward to learning more about using these tools in future projects. [Extracted from the article]

Systematic understanding of “ flaccidity syndrome” disease in traditional Chinese medicine began with the Huangdi Neijing, which explains very detailedly compared with other diseases. Based on text tracing, combined with medical explanation and clinical thinking, this paper further summarizes the definition and development of “ flaccidity syndrome”. By combining the origin and flow of flaccidity syndrome in Huangdi Neijing with related descriptions in ancient literature, we point out that the occurrence of “flaccidity syndrome” starts from the lung, is related to the stomach, and is caused by the lung scorched by heart. The etiology of “ flaccidity syndrome”, which is injured by heat, is closely related to dampness, and the onset is mainly due to the dryness of meridians. The change in flaccidity syndrome, starting from the upper body, is related to the lower body, and eventually leads to exhaustion if not treated. Syndrome differentiation and treatment of flaccidity is based on “taking Yangming alone” with the method of “clearing heart fire and nourishing kidney water”. Clinical syndromes also need to be treated by targeting “ flaccidity syndrome with symptoms”, or later flexible “ flaccidity syndrome with arthralgia”, in order to correct the causes and symptoms of flaccidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article exposes the results of an investigation that had as objective to elaborate an intervention strategy that contributes to the development of the demonstration as a logical thought procedure in the students of a career of the University of the Ministry of the Interior. The main methods used were the Historical - Logical, Systemic Approach, Documentary Analysis, 360° Evaluation, Scientific Observation, Survey, Methodological Triangulation, Modeling, Focus Group, Expert Consultation, Percentage Analysis, Experts’ Competence Level (Kc), Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient, Kendall’s Coefficient of Agreement (W) and Chi-Square Hypothesis Test. As main results, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the demonstration as a logical thinking procedure were determined, the results of the initial diagnosis were obtained and the intervention strategy was designed, which was validated by consulting experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasion team sports such as soccer require teams and individual players to understand the game and problem solve. One aspect of problem solving that has recently been more prominent in team sport literature is the role of metacognition. The purpose of the current study was to examine how high-level youth soccer players approach and solve problems, with a particular focus on the role of strategic understanding. We were interested in the range and sophistication of cognitive strategy and process used by players when tackling game problems. Also, the ways in which they plan, monitor and evaluate how they approach and solve problems. Eighteen high-level youth soccer players took part in semi-structured interviews which adopted Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) protocol. Interview data were analysed using deductive content analysis to distinguish the use of cognitive and metacognitive thinking. Results showed that players displayed a range of cognitive processes when solving problems, but more sophisticated processes were least employed. Furthermore, there was little evidence of a strategic approach to problem solving. Players would benefit from practicing their problem-solving skills. Coaches should pay due attention to 'what' and 'how' players think when problem solving. Coach education might consider how to educate coaches to better equip players to solve stubborn game problems. One possibility is to present coaches with methods that make player thinking overt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the concept and practice of haute couture, of the designing and making of high-quality fashion clothes, and haute couture's contemporary engagement with the virtual worlds of the 'metaverse', a shared virtual environment that features online gaming and augmented reality. The article is an encounter with these virtual worlds, particularly as they are manifested in the haute couture of the French haute couturier Julian Fournié. To understand Fournié's haute couture, and thus to build a foundation for an interpretation of his most important fashion ideas, it is argued that researchers need to explore Fournié's engagement with virtual worlds and augmented reality from the perspective of German philosopher Martin Heidegger's phenomenological explanation of thinking and rethinking, and then at how Fournié develops and revises the meaning of haute couture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely assumed that thinking is independent of language modality because an argument is either logically valid or invalid regardless of whether we read or hear it. This is taken for granted in areas such as psychology, medicine, and the law. Contrary to this assumption, we demonstrate that thinking from spoken information leads to more intuitive performance compared with thinking from written information. Consequently, we propose that people think more intuitively in the spoken modality and more analytically in the written modality. This effect was robust in five experiments (N = 1,243), across a wide range of thinking tasks, from simple trivia questions to complex syllogisms, and it generalized across two different languages, English and Chinese. We show that this effect is consistent with neuroscientific findings and propose that modality dependence could result from how language modalities emerge in development and are used over time. This finding sheds new light on the way language influences thought and has important implications for research that relies on linguistic materials and for domains where thinking and reasoning are central such as law, medicine, and business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on previous research, Computational Thinking (CT) Skills and attitudes can be influenced by gender differences. In addition, attitudes also have a correlation and influence on CT Skills. However, research on CT skills, attitudes, and gender for mathematics subjects and the relationship between CT skills for mathematics and attitudes is still limited. So, This research was conducted to fill the gap. Methods of this research uses quantitative descriptive with comparative and correlation design. The participants in this study were students at one of the junior high schools in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region Province, Indonesia (N = 92). The research data was obtained by using a mathematical problem solving test to measure CT Skills, and a questionnaire to measure CT attitudes. Data were analyzed using multivariate and simple linear regression. The results obtained several findings, including the CT skills of girl students are better than boy students in solving mathematical problems. There is no difference in CT Attitude between boy and girl students. There is a significant relationship and influence of CT attitudes on CT skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Fatih Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to effectively cultivate applied pharmaceutical talents, aiming at the current teaching situation of organic chemistry, the basic course of pharmaceutical specialty, including the problems of curriculum setting, experimental teaching, and the integration of classroom and professional knowledge, it is proposed to overcome the problem of curriculum setting by combining "online + offline" in teaching. It should overcome the problems in experimental teaching with the help of virtual simulation platform. By cultivating students' organic chemistry thinking and paying attention to the integration of subject and professional knowledge, students' recognition of organic chemistry course can be improved, and the quality of training can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Workbooks are a key and important factor in learning. A portfolio is a purposeful collection of evidence that can demonstrate overall effort and progress in one or more areas. Portfolio-based learning should be used in all fields of medical education as an educational and evaluation solution. "Electronic portfolio is a tool for learning and measuring the learning process and product with the ability to store, organize, provide feedback, modify and review student's work in a digital environment based on the web, network or computer and can and can be like a showcase representing growth, progress, and skills. The student should be in the specific field" according to Barrett, one of the pioneers in the development of electronic portfolio in education, the electronic portfolio contains works that the learner collects, reflects, selects, and displays to show growth and change over time. The use of electronic portfolios in online courses as a good assessment tool is agreed upon by different researchers. According to some, portfolios provide an opportunity for self-evaluation, self-regulation learning, reflection, and the development of individual skills. In addition to being a good tool for assessment, the electronic portfolio can also be a good tool for learning. The portfolio is a collection of student evidence and documentation that shows their effort, progress, and academic success in a theoretical or clinical training course. The workbook provides useful information to the student that determines his success or weaknesses. In other words, a portfolio is a tool for empowering students, which, by adopting a collaborative approach, leads to independence in student learning and changes teacher-centered learning to student-centered learning. On the other hand, with performance-based training and creating learning conditions based on the needs of each individual, the work folder provides the possibility of fair education and judgment for educational environments. It fulfills tasks, presents documents and documents, introduces ongoing and completed tasks, selects and approves qualifications, encourages and promotes, and training and evaluates thinking skills and learning strategies. On the other hand, nowadays, considering the features of the information age and the rapid and continuous expansion of communication and information resources, it is inevitable to cultivate thinking in students to adopt the right measures and appropriate choices. A mindset is a tendency or tendency towards a specific pattern of mental behavior. Also, the nature of thinking is a stable tendency to discover, investigate, seek clarity, accept rational risks and think critically and with a lot of imagination. Considering the complexities of today's life and the many unforeseen issues that arise in various fields and the abundant need of people for lifelong learning and creating process skills in them, and also considering the complexity existing in medical fields that require the use of superior intellectual attitudes and the adoption of impromptu measures in emergencies, cultivating the intellectual attitudes of learners is one of the basic priorities that should be in the focus of curricula take Because thinking plays an important role in students' learning. Therefore, considering the importance of the role of the electronic workbook and the nature of students' thinking, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting it. Therefore, the main question of the current research is: What is the effect of the electronic folder on thinking habits and mental health in the University of Medical Sciences to present the model? Methods: This practical study was conducted with a mixed approach with a qualitative and quantitative approach with an exploratory design. Delphi method was used in the qualitative part and the descriptive survey method was used in the quantitative part. In the qualitative part, the statistical population included 18 professors of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, among whom 13 were selected by targeted sampling based on the saturation law, and 1665 postgraduate students and assistants of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were included in the study. became A small part of which 312 people were selected as a sample using stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. To collect data, a researcher-made electronic portfolio questionnaire with 47 questions and thinking tendencies with 50 questions were used. The face and content validity of the instruments was confirmed by the supervisor and the consultant, and composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha were calculated above 0.7. For data analysis, empirical factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Friedman test, and structural equations were used using SPSS21 and PLS3.2 software. Results: The results showed that the electronic portfolio has 6 dimensions, among which skill has the highest standard coefficient and attitude has the highest degree of correlation. Also, the results of the structural equation test showed that the effect of the electronic workbook on thinking patterns and mental health in graduate students and assistants of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences is significant. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the electronic workbook affects the character of thinking and mental health of postgraduate students and assistants of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. It is necessary to prepare and design the global citizen curriculum at educational levels, especially in higher education. Undoubtedly, one of the most fundamental tasks of education and training, especially higher education, is the training of informed, committed, active, creative, and comprehensive citizens. People who can adapt themselves to the values, customs, and traditions of the local, national and global society. The educational system, especially universities, compile and implement all learning activities and experiences in the form of a curriculum. The main elements of the curriculum, which include goals, content, teaching methods, and evaluation methods, and are specified according to the main components of global citizen education, including knowledge, attitude, and skills, provide a platform for learning and education. The results of the present research showed that the electronic work folder consists of 2 dimensions "evaluation and education" and 6 components "feedback, self-evaluation, fostering creativity, fostering critical thinking, learner progress, and metacognitive knowledge" and among these, the highest standard coefficient related to the dimension Skill is the lowest value related to the related knowledge dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the middle of the 20th century, more and more data have appeared on the limited role of consciousness in determining human behavior. In this opinion paper, we hypothesize that the basis of consciousness is precisely the communicative function, and discuss relations of consciousness to other cognitive processes such sensory detection, decision-making and emotions. Within the framework of the hypothesis, consciousness is considered as a highly specialized function of the brain, which ensures encoding of personal information as communication messages. On a subjective level, mental representation just means the state of information to be shared in a human group. Accordingly, consciousness affects only those components of human behavior that are associated with the transmission of messages. Sensory detection, decision-making, emotions and other processes are only projected into consciousness during the encoding of information of them. The communication hypothesis assumes that consciousness is an adaptation that increases the efficiency of a collective way of life, and the emergence of consciousness is inextricably linked with the development of language in human culture. In the future, our view of consciousness provides an opportunity for an objective analysis of subjective phenomena by means of a directed study of the formation of messages both at the level of brain processes and at the level of interactions between individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research Utilizing strategies the Critical Thinking to Face the Contemporary Intellectual Misconceptions aims to apply, aims to use some critical thinking strategies to face the contemporary intellectual misconceptions by following the most prominent critical thinking strategies that can be used in confronting through the inductive approach. Moreover, the analytic approach shall be used to scrutinize the misconception and construe for refuting it. This research contains an introduction, a preface, two chapters, and a conclusion. The preface explores the concepts of critical thinking and contemporary intellectual misconceptions., thus the first section discusses O'Reilly's Strategy (defining the proof and its assessment) to face the contemporary intellectual misconceptions. The second section focuses on Smith's strategy (Evaluating the authenticity of information sources) to face contemporary intellectual misconceptions. The results of the research emphasize the importance of critical thinking to avoid being affected by contemporary intellectual misconceptions. Moreover, it assures rejecting any claim without evidence, and if evidence is found, it must be analyzed and examined to ensure the validity and reliability of the source of the information. The results also, assert the importance of having a critical mindset to avoid any impact by contemporary intellectual misconceptions. The research recommends the importance of practicing critical thinking skills for children to have the faculty of critical that protects them from deviation when they face misguided ideas. It is also recommended to increase critical thinking courses and pay attention to practice in the real life. Furthermore, joining theoretical and practical aspects of critical thinking is urgently needed by applying its strategies to the distorted news and ideas which are prevalent in society, especially via social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The change in health's professionals training, including nurses, has become urgent due to various social, environmental, epidemiological and health determinants. The constitution of critical thinking in professional practice, from a dialectical perspective, promoting the emancipation of subjects during training, becomes powerful and strengthens the initiatives to face contemporary and societal challenges. Objective: to analyze the representation of teachers, preceptors, and students about the constitution of capabilities in nurses' professional practice through critical thinking when developing the competence profile during training. Methods: qualitative, interview with 24 professors, 09 preceptors and 15 students for reconstruction of the competence profile in the 1st phase of data collection and in the 2nd phase workshop for validation of profile, identification of challenges and proposals. The collective subject discourse was used to analyze the interviews and the referential of holistic competence in the reconstruction of the profile. Results: It is deduced that, the curriculum proposal works beyond making certain and evidence-based decisions. It is necessary to consider the different views of situations, recognize how each student reacts, identifies and works with his emotions, builds dialogue among peers, and works collectively to solve problems, always in a co-responsible and ethical way. There is the challenge of deconstructing competitiveness and individualism to be analyzed and overcome. Conclusions: the research strategies, through interviews and the workshop, by providing a space for reflection and dialogue, enabled the delimitation of which capabilities are mobilized in practice, established in the competence profile of the professional to be trained in the institution, and how to develop them through critical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Habits allow environmental and interoceptive cues to trigger behavior in an automatized fashion, making them liable to deployment in inappropriate or outdated contexts. Over the long term, repeated failure of a once-adaptive habit to satisfy current goals produces extinction learning that suppresses the habit’s execution. Less attention has been afforded to the mechanisms underlying real-time habit suppression: the capacity to stop the execution of a cued habit that is goal conflicting. Here, I first posit a model by which goal-relevant stimuli can (a) bring unfolding habits and their projected outcomes into awareness, (b) prompt evaluation of the habit outcome with respect to current goals, and (c) trigger cessation of the habit response if it is determined to be goal conflicting. Second, I propose a modified stop-signal task to test this model of goal-directed stopping of habit execution. Finally, I marshal evidence indicating that the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, situated at the nexus of salience detection, action-plan assessment, and motor inhibition networks, is uniquely positioned to coordinate the overriding of habitual behaviors in real time. In sum, this perspective presents a testable model and candidate neurobiological substrate for our capacity to “snap out of autopilot” and override goal-conflicting habits in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to examine the thought of Hannah Arendt and the work of Osip Mandelstam from a unified conceptual stance. Arendt provides the grounds for this in her remarks about Mandelstam (alongside Rilke and Auden) in two major fragments from her final work "The Life of the Mind." Arendt (here following on from Heidegger) speaks of the unity of poetry and praise, which, in turn, illustrates the affinity between thought and gratitude. However, the great modernist poets that Arendt mentions perform their praise within an existential and historical context in which praise proves a kind of impossible, paradoxical event. We attempt to discern Mandelstam's poetic thought through the optics proposed by Hannah Arendt and to describe several aspects of his "poetics of praise." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thoreau spent much of his career preoccupied with thinking and with animals. In many of his excursions in the woods, he would be deep in thought when an owl, rabbit, otter, or some other creature's movements would catch his eye. Oftentimes, the animal and the tracks they left behind would lead him on a new trajectory, both mentally and physically. This essay focuses on moments of Thoreauvian epiphany when his thoughts, his walking body, and his animal encounters collide. In these moments, Thoreau successfully reads his own thoughts through the paths he takes just as he attempts to interpret animals' thoughts through the tracks they leave behind. By examining fox and moose tracks and walking in them in "Natural History of Massachusetts" (1842) and "Ktaadn" from The Main Woods (1864), Thoreau employs sympathetic tracking to produce animalistic thinking that leads him to some of his greatest epiphanies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Felsefelogos is the property of Felsefelogos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Thought / Al-Fikr al-Islāmī al-Muʿāṣir is the property of International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Higher Education Research is the property of Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Higher Education Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines a dramatic aporia in modern European intellectual history, involving what it calls "perspectival thinking"—a way of thinking in which an individual assumes and thinks from the perspectives of others. This paradox appears in the work on totalitarianism of Europe's three foremost thinkers on totalitarianism—Hannah Arendt, Arthur Koestler, and George Orwell. Examining their explorations of perspectival thinking, this article argues that, taken together, they are strikingly discordant. While Arendt exalts it, Koestler and Orwell problematize perspectival thinking, and Orwell even sees it as evil. The three thinkers thus articulate a dramatically polyvocal understanding of perspectival thinking, creating a remarkable dissonance in modern European thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid changes in the educational fields are among the features of this era that we must work to encourage, move them in the right direction and adapt to them. The educational field has witnessed great scientific and technological development in most areas of life, through the use of modern and advanced educational methods and methods, in order to confront The challenges and pressures facing the educational process, and the successful teacher is the one who can apply the appropriate method that raises the learners’ motivation to learn, taking into account the learners’ tendencies and attitudes to learn, as (Ahmed and Abu Shiha, 1988) indicates that the appropriate teaching method is the one that creates An atmosphere of mutually supportive human relations between the students themselves on the one hand, and the teaching member on the other hand, and at the same time enjoys communicating ideas to students. It also encourages creativity and the ability to solve problems, generates students’ self-confidence and stimulates their learning and thinking.” The discussion in the style of small groups is consistent with the educational view Modern, which is the student's focal point on which all educational activities must focus, and this method also contributes to the development of the world Collective passion and love of cooperation with others in order to achieve goals, and take responsibility, and this method plays an effective role in providing students with the subject and influencing their behavior in order to become effective in society. The problem of the research is that the teaching methods are many and varied, and through the application through the experience of researchers in the field of work in middle schools, I found that many physical education teachers study motor skills in the imperative style because they find difficulty and lack of knowledge of the types of teaching methods that have appeared widely, especially any method that is consistent with With the skill to be taught correctly, and this topic was chosen because it combines individual thinking and discussion between groups, so the researchers decided to rely on the think-pair-share strategy to teach the skill of shooting in the free throw basketball to see the extent of the progress achieved by students in teaching This skill is compared to the commanding method currently used in schools. The current research aims to reveal: The effect of the strategy (think-pair-share) in teaching the skill of free-throw shooting in basketball for fourth-grade students. The difference between the strategy (think - pair - share) and the imperative method in teaching the skill of free-throw shooting for fourth-grade students. The researchers assumed the following: That there are significant differences between the pre and post tests of the two research groups in teaching the skill of free shooting in basketball. There are significant differences in the post-test between the two research groups in teaching the skill of free-throw shooting in basketball. The research community consisted of the students of a preparatory school in Bashiqa for girls in Bashiqa district, who numbered (589). The sample of the research consisted of students of the fourth scientific grade divided into two divisions (A - B) and their number was 65 students. This school was deliberately chosen, due to the presence of an arena and the cooperation of the administration. After the lottery was conducted in a random manner, Division A was chosen to be the experimental group to which the (think-pair-share strategy) is applied, and Division B to which the imperative method is applied. A group of female students were excluded due to absence from the training round, and some of them were excluded due to failing for the sake of stability, as the research sample consisted of 40 students, with 20 students per group. The researchers used the spss program. In light of the research objectives and hypotheses within the limits of the research method and the user approach, the researchers reached a conclusion. - Showing statistically significant differences between the pre and post tests in the two research groups. - The experimental group that implemented the strategy (think-pair-share) outperformed the control group that implemented the imperative method in the post test of the skill of shooting with a free throw basketball. Recommendations - The necessity of applying the strategy (think - pair - share) in middle schools, because it showed the positive quality of teaching the skill of shooting with a free throw with basketball. - Covering a qualifying study for schools to see the teaching methods for all academic levels and to test the actual method of the skill being taught.

On Proximity of Thinking and Poetizing in Early Heidegger. A Search for Traces --- The paper discusses the question of the role of the relationship between thinking and poetizing, which is of immense importance for Heidegger’s late work, in his early hermeneutics of facticity. Heidegger’s early thinking is denoted with the search for the unconditionality of factical life in its historicity that cannot be comprehended neither under the conditions of a worldview nor of a strict science in Husserl’s sense. In his search, he continually encounters the realms of art and poetry, which he experiences as fundamental points of orientation. Although Heidegger does not expressly reflect upon them, such experiences of the proximity of thinking and poetizing did leave traces in his lectures.

The present article addresses the question of the adequate knowledge of nature in the context of Immanuel Hermann Fichte’s philosophy of nature. After an examination of the position and role that this systematic problem has both in Karl Joël’s book Der Ursprung der Naturphilosophie aus dem Geiste der Mystik and in contemporary research on the Anthropocene, this article offers a depiction of Fichte’s conception of the aposterioric speculative mode of knowledge of nature. Finally, Fichte’s conception of knowledge of nature is brought up for discussion both with Joël’s epistemological thesis and with certain approaches of contemporary research on the Anthropocene. It is shown that Fichte’s philosophy offers a productive perspective to addressing contemporary problems of the Anthropocene.

The article is a review of the monograph of the professors of the Department of Ontology and Theory of Cognition of the RUDN University V.M. Naidysh and O.V. Naidysh Civilization and Rationality. Essays on the Philosophy of Mythology (Moscow: Rusains, 2020. 286 p.) which explores social-philosophical and epistemological aspects of the civilizational approach. The issues of rationality and civilization are connected by the theory of consciousness presented as a form of reflection of reality by the active subject included in the networks of (direct and indirect) communication systems, as an integrator of cognitive activity, sensory-emotional experience of the world and volitional intentionality of the subject. The review focuses on two civilizational paradigms - civilization as an ethnosociocultural community and civilization as an institutionalized society that developed during the ‘Neolithic revolution’. The monograph analyzes a wide range of issues: theoretical-methodological prerequisites of models of the historical process, origins of the civilizational model of history, concepts of civilization in the 19th - early 21st century, the structure of the foundations of civilization, the role of rationalism and myth-making in the life of civilization, processes of rationalization and derationalization of culture, the genesis of thinking, the nature of the archetypes of culture, the formation of rationalism in the cultures of the Ancient East, concepts of barbarism and neo-barbarism, etc. The monograph also examines the debatable issue of possible prospects of civilization: among the models of post-civilization, transhumanism seems to be the most popular (the program of the artificial transformation of the natural-biological foundations of man). The authors call for a balanced and critical perception of transhumanism, because its most radical, extreme versions are a contemporary form of ‘social alchemy’.

Nowadays, we must be prepared for unknown or unexpected situations in design, design research, and design education. We are awaiting changes in standards for the art, design and engineering education system. We are currently facing a new type of communication in the design process. Classical research and traditional forms are changing, and we are searching for new research and development strategies. The Star Status philosophy is viewed in a social context as a section of design process. It is part of the alternative design programme of design thinking, education and training, which also comprises Open Sphere Strategy and Authentic Design Essence. Together they create a flexible system for the action-centric design process, research and education with a spirit of avant-garde thinking. In general, this system can define Designers as Individuals (Stars) in Society Groups (Constellations); they are connected to other members by various Relationships (Status). Some stars form connections, constellations and new compositions with other stars. Through new connections, the stars in constellations create a new composition, new context, new lifestyle. The acquiring and mastering of design drawing is the most credible technique of an autonomous artistic exploration, of drawing as a way of thinking in the most natural form in the designing process, functional as technology in the Star Status Philosophy. The ability to create a visual communication language is an important part in the fusion of the Action Centric independent artistic research and development. As part of interdisciplinary experience, the acquiring and mastering the common strategy in designing process between the designer and engineer, mastering the philosophy and method of design strategy, synthesis of designer drawing and 3D environment are the basic layers of Synergic research and development Design Strategy.

Background. The article describes the author’s way from researching the phenomenon of insight to revealing the psychological mechanism of creativity. Its first stage (1965) was a postgraduate continuation of the studies initiated in the term papers and dissertations under the guidance of S.L. Rubinshtein. At the second stage (1969) the author introduced a new experimental-diagnostic method “Creative field” into psychology. Objective. To reveal the author's approach to the consideration of the thought process and the nature of creativity; to describe the study of the mechanism of creativity as an ability to develop activities on one’s own initiative. Results. At the first stage of research work it was justified that the mechanism of insight opened by Y.A. Ponomarev is not the only one. The studies demonstrated the role of the nature of the thinking languages and the dynamics of changing their types: from the visual image to the sign, and then — from the sign to the structure. The visibility of the structure explains instant emergence of the hypothesis. The author’s conclusions were confirmed in the theories of N.I. Zhinkin, L.M. Wecker, M. Hunt. The second stage of research allowed the author to realize the Rubinstein's principle of creative activity and develop a typology of cognitive activity, which correlates with the cognition levels identified by G. Hegel: stimulus-productive level supposes implementation of the proposed task within the framework of initial requirements (according to Hegel — the level of the singular); heuristic level, carried out beyond the requirements of the original task, allows to discover new patterns (according to Hegel — the level of the special); creative level (according to Hegel — the level of the universal) is characteristic of the few. An open regularity does not act as a solution method, but as a starting point for constructing a theory. Conclusion. The article substantiates that the mechanism of creativity as the ability to develop one’s activity on his own initiative, can take place only with the dominance of cognitive motivation in the structure of personality. This has been confirmed in the sample of more than 10,000 subjects in a series of long-term studies in which one experiment is in process since 1970, when the subjects were 10th graders. The research data of these studies constitute a theoretical and empirical proof of the post-nonclassical methodological principle of the unity of truth and morality.

Everyone can have different thoughts in solving a problem, including Anies Baswedan (AB) when dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in DKI Jakarta. This study aims to reveal AB's thoughts on dealing with pandemics constructed by several online media. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, and sentence fragments which are indicated to contain AB's thoughts as the Governor of DKI Jakarta. The datawere collected from news about the handling of Covid-19 in several online media published in July–September 2021. The collected data were analyzed using a critical discourse analysis approach of the Fairclough model to reveal the language features used by the media in constructing AB thinking. The results of this study indicate that (1) AB has thoughts that tend to prioritize issues of safety and welfare for the citizens of DKI Jakarta; (2) these thoughts can be interpreted as a reflection that AB is the right person and is skilled in handling the Covid-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta; (3) apart from that, AB's thoughts constructed by the media can also be interpreted as AB's attempt to build the impression of a 'pro-people governor'.