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In this paper, we propose a new feedback-error-learning controller enhanced by the PaLM tree that is an easy-to-use function approximator developed by our research group. We investigate the ability of our feedback-error-learning controller by applying it to controlling an active camera head to pursuit a moving target with high accuracy and high response. The PaLM-tree learns the inverse model in the feedback-error-learning scheme correctly. Although our active camera head has unknown mechanical friction and our closed-loop control system has a relatively large latency, our active camera head can successfully pursuit eye movement by our feedback-error-learning controller based on the PaLM-tree. Through experiments, we confirmed that our method could achieve high-performance control over the tuned feedback control

Radiated electromagnetic field from a solar cell has been studied experimentally and theoretically in order to clear antenna effect of the solar cell. The radiated electromagnetic field of a solar cell was measured, and a solar cell was modeled by a conducting wire with the limited electric conductivity, which is obtained by measuring DC resistance, and electric field strength radiated from the solar cell was calculated by the method of moment. In consequence, it is revealed that the calculated frequency response of the solar cell coincides with the mean frequency response of the measured values without steeply varying component.

Spline interpolation systems generally contain non-causal filters, and hence it is difficult to use such systems for real-time processing. Our objective is to design a causal system which approximates spline interpolation. This is formulated as a problem of designing a stable inverse of a system with unstable zeros. For this purpose, we adopt H alpha optimization. The Halpha-optimal inverse system can be effectively solved by standard MATLAB routines, and hence causal spline interpolation is obtained. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the result

We have succeeded in 3-D process simulation of a CMOS inverter based on the Selete 65 nm full process. In particular, we have focused on the robustness and the availability of the process simulator HySyProS (Hyper Synthesized Process Simulator)

Neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (NESCC) grows aggressively, and is resistant to anticancer agents and radiation, having an extremely poor prognosis. The incidence of c-kit proto-oncogene overexpression is high in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and small cell lung cancer, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been used effectively to treat GISTs. Few studies have investigated whether c-kit is overexpressed in NESCC. To investigate whether NESCC can be a target for molecular targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we examined the expression of c-kit in this tumor.Twenty-one NESCCs were examined for c-kit expression by immunohistochemical staining using the labeled streptavidin-biotin complex (LSAB) method. The expression of c-kit was regarded as positive (overexpression) and negative when the membrane and cytoplasm of more or less than 25%, respectively, of tumor cells were stained.Nine NESCCs (43%) were c-kit-positive (overexpression). No difference in age or clinical stage was noted. No difference in prognosis was observed between the c-kit-positive and -negative patients.The incidence of c-kit overexpression was high in NESCC; therefore, the patients with this tumor may become a future target for molecular-targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Electron spin resonance (ESR, or electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) analysis of tooth enamel is an effective method for the retrospective estimation of individual radiation doses. One problem with this technique is that the observed ESR signal may include a contribution from ultraviolet (UV) light exposure from sunlight, especially in front teeth. Thus there has been a need to find ways to estimate the UV-light effect in the total signal so that the net ESR dose from ionizing radiation can be determined. To examine this issue, we measured 96 teeth of various types, but with buccal and lingual parts measured separately, from a control group of atomic bomb survivors (estimated dose

First-principles pseudopotential calculations using plane-wave basis functions were performed to quantitatively evaluate the formation energies of atomic vacancies in chalcopyrite-type AgInSe2, and the related chalcopyrite compounds, AgGaSe2 and AgAISe 2. In all these chalcopyrite-type AgMSe2 (M=In, Ga, Al), the formation energy of Ag vacancy is smaller than those of the other atomic vacancies. Formation energy of the Ag vacancy in AgInSe2 is greatly dependent on the chemical potentials of constituent elements. The formation energy of Ag vacancy in AgMSe2 (M=In, Ga, Al) is larger than that of Cu vacancy in CuMSe2 . The result indicates that the Ag vacancy in AgMSe2 is more difficult to be formed than the Cu vacancy in the corresponding Cu-based chalcopyrite compounds

Starting from the $\kappa$-distribution function, obtained by applying the maximal entropy principle to the $\kappa$-entropy [G. Kaniadakis, Phys. Rev. E 66 (2002), 056125], we derive the expression of the canonical $\kappa$-partition function and discuss its main properties. It is shown that all important macroscopical quantities of the system can be expressed employing only the $\kappa$-partition function. The relationship between the associated $\kappa$-free energy and the $\kappa$-entropy is also discussed., Comment: 8 pages, no figures. Work presented at the International conference Complexity and Nonextensivity: New Trends in Statistical Mechanics. - Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics - (14-18 March 2005) Kyoto, Japan

We propose a Monte Carlo method to study the reaction paths in nucleosynthesis during stellar evolution. Determination of reaction paths is important to obtain the physical picture of stellar evolution. The combination of network calculation and our method gives us a better understanding of physical picture. We apply our method to the case of the helium shell flash model in the extremely metal poor star.

In order to elucidate feedback relationship between the plasma glucose and insulin levels, we introduced the method of multivariate autoregressive modeling analysis. The study was performed on 124 subjects, who were divided into five groups according to their fasting plasma glucose levels. Autoregresslve coefficients for each subject were computed from the time series data of plasma glucose and insulin while on the 759 oral glucose tolerance test. The AR coefficients thus obtained enabled us to build a state equation proper to each subject and to simulate the impulse response function for the particular subject. The response of insulin to glucose d ecreased in a stepwise fashion with the i ncrease in the fasting glucose levels.

Bispectral analysis was performed on the time series data of blood sugar obtained during 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test in 124 subjects. The subjects were divided into five groups according to their fasting blood sugar levels. Bispectrum. the Fourier transform of the third order cumulant sequence of blood sugar fluctuations, was fairly uniform and not significantly different among the five groups of subjects. Thus we concluded that the changes, which we demonstrated in the last meeting, in the mode of insulin-versus-sugar feedback was not due to the change in the nonlinearity characterstics increasing with the degree of diabetes.

We have been developing roll-to-roll production technologies of amorphous-silicon solar cell on plastic-film substrates. In this paper, newly developed deposition methods of (1) excitation-frequency controlled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of amorphous silicon, (2) selective reactive sputtering of metal electrode with low substrate temperature and (3) deposition of large-area uniform transparent conductive oxide are described. The solar cells were applied to 4 m-long light-weight and large-area building-integrated modules.

Josephson plasma excitations in the high-${T}_{c}$ superconductor ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ have been investigated in a wide microwave frequency region $(9.8--75\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz})$---in particular, in a magnetic field applied parallel to the $ab$ plane of the single crystal. In sharp contrast to the case for magnetic fields parallel to the $c$ axis or tilted from the $ab$ plane, it was found that there are two kinds of resonance modes, which are split in energy and possess two distinctly different magnetic field dependences. One always lies higher in energy than the other and has a shallow minimum at about $0.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kOe}$, then increases linearly with magnetic field. On the other hand, another mode begins to appear only in a magnetic field (from a few kOe and higher) and has a weakly decreasing tendency with increasing magnetic field. By comparing with a recent theoretical model the higher-energy mode can naturally be attributed to the Josephson plasma resonance mode propagating along the primitive reciprocal lattice vector of the Josephson vortex lattice, whereas the lower-frequency mode is assigned to the novel phase collective mode of the Josephson vortex lattice, which has never been observed before.

Lifestyle has a major influence on the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Our motto for healthy habits is "give up one, reduce two, and increase three". The one thing that is to be given up is smoking. The two things that are to be reduced are intake of food and alcohol. The three things that are to be increased are exercise, rest and enjoyable activities. We assessed correlation between these six health habits and plaque score indicating degree of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery.Subjects were divided into unfavorable (practicing zero to three habits) and optimal (practicing four to six habits) healthy habits groups.Plaque score was significantly higher in the unfavorable group (7.6 +/- 5.8) than in the optimal group (4.9 +/- 4.2) (P0.001).The healthy habits that significantly contributed to prevention of atherosclerosis were quitting smoking and increasing rest and enjoyable activities.

A report on a CMOS SRAM with a peak current of 45mA obtained through the use of an address transition activated circuit combined with a tri-level word-line circuit will be presented.

A 160 Gbit/s/port optical packet switch prototype with narrow-band optical code-label processing, optical switching, optical buffering, electrical scheduling, optical MUX/DEMUX, and variable-length packet BER and loss real-time measuring is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. (4 pages)

A 2 and 3 dimensional ensemble Monte Carlo device simulator is developed and applied to FinFET analysis by using `realistic' number of electrons within the channel of actual device. The result of transient fluctuation of electron numbers, currents, and distributions of potential and electron are shown.

We report the synthesis of stable nanometer‐size silver‐coated polydiacetylene (PDA) particles. At first, an ethanol solution of diacetylene (DA) is dispersed into a Ag+ ion containing aqueous solution. Silver ions are attracted to –CCO− anions of DA, then monomer DA vesicles coated by silver ions are formed by a long‐term ultrasonication treatment. The monomer DA vesicles are photopolymerized and the silver ions are photo‐reduced simultaneously to form coated composite particles.

High-rate and smooth surface etching of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC has been developed employing inductively coupled plasma (ICP) for HDD head slider fabrication. The etching rate of 350 nm/min, which is more than seven times that of Ar ion beam etching, and average surface roughness (Ra) of around 20 nm were obtained as a result of optimizing etching gas composition of the Cl/sub 2//BCl/sub 3//Ar mixture. The presence of Ar both enhances the etching rate of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ grains, which limits the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC rate, and suppresses that of TiC grains to improve the surface roughness. This study demonstrates the feasibility of ICP etching for fabricating high precision sliders with high throughput.

This paper proposes an example of an open architecture for a robot controller. This architecture is a multi-agent system with blackboard files. The key interfaces between the agents are the task knowledge database and motion table, which are described by character code.

A histopathological study of 30 cases of synovial osteochondromatosis found that the process followed a temporal sequence characterised by three phases: (I) active intrasynovial disease only; (II) transitional lesions with both active intrasynovial proliferation and free loose bodies; and (III) many free osteochondral bodies with no demonstrable intrasynovial disease [J. Bone Joint Surg. 59 (1977) 792]. We present five cases of synovial chondromatosis of the temporpmandibular joint (TMJ) which we studied by immunohistochemical methods of for transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and tenascin.

We have analyzed cold fusion reactions, especially, (HI(Heavy‐Ion), xn) reactions with 208Pb target series. The ratio af/an used in the statistical model is determined by fitting experimental data of Γn/Γtotal for Z=102 and the extrapolative use is made for Z>103. Theoretical predictions for excitation functions in 208Pb(50Ti, 51V, 54Cr, 55Mn, 58 Fe, 59Co, 65Cu, 70Zn, xn) reactions are compared with experiments. We found that peak positions of (HI, xn) reactions except for the sub‐barrier fusion enhancement effect stay almost constant when we increase the Z‐number of compound nucleus from Z=104 to Z=110.

Carbon nitride films were synthesized on Si(100) substrate using relatively high‐pressure radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering of a graphite target in a nitrogen ambient. The influences of the substrate temperature and pressure on deposition rate and the film composition ratio N/C and C–N bonding were investigated using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The deposition rate had a maximum in the investigated pressure region and reduced as the substrate temperature increased. XPS spectra showed that the deposited films were very large N/C value up to 1.20, and unchanged after thermal treatment up to about 900 K, the latter confirmed by FTIR.

The two types of design methods for nonlinear control systems have been proposed. One is based on the analytical approach, where a nonlinear controller is constructed through the energy balancing (EB) passivity-based control, and the other is based on the numerical approach, where a nonlinear controller is numerically approximated through a virtual optimal control algorithm, Moreover, those two methods are demonstrated to be efficient in the nonlinear situation through the design problem of a jet engine compressor model.

The minimum cross entropy (MCE) spectral analysis method is able to incorporate a prior information of spectra into the spectral analysis. Applying the principle of the MCE, the authors proposed a continuous spectral estimation method (C-MCEM) for stationary time series with a prior spectrum generated by AR models under the observation of the autocorrelation values. In this paper, combining the C-MCEM with the Burg algorithm (1975), we derive a new spectral estimation algorithm where the time series data as well as a prior spectrum are utilized. Applying the proposed method to sound data, we also show the spectral estimation results.

In the backstepping approach, it would be significantly important from a view point of robustification to avoid the cancellation of system nonlinearities. For such ones, we take the two main versions: lean backstepping and L/sub G/V backstepping. In this paper, we discuss a possible fusion of lean backstepping and L/sub G/V backstepping, which may produce a systematic procedure to make a resultant controller relatively simple. Lastly, a design example is demonstrated to show the effectiveness of our fusion approach.

Summary form only given. We report the fabrication of ferromagnetic-insulator-ferromagnetic (FIF) tunnel junctions in 10-nm sizes by using Si-based inorganic electron beam resist process. We also report the electrical characteristics of these junctions.

This paper describes a novel 2GHz bandpass filter using a novel quadruple mode dielectric resonator for compact cellular base station. We propose small high Q dielectric resonator technique using TM/sub 11//spl delta/-x, TM/sub 11//spl delta/-y, TE/sub 01//spl delta/-x and TE/sub 01//spl delta/-y modes. It has very high unloaded Q factor value of about 15000 at 2GHz band. We have designed and manufactured a 4-pole band filter using this resonator. Insertion loss is very low of less than 0.23 dB and high attenuation of 90dB. Outer dimensions are 48 /spl times/ 48 /spl times/ 42 mm.

Midkine has been reported to bind to receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)-beta and to play important roles in growth and differentiation of various cells. Midkine is expressed in rat stomach during experimental ulcer healing, suggesting that the midkine-RPTP-beta system has some physiological functions in the stomach. Rebamipide is a mucoprotective drug used for the treatment of gastric ulcers. We have tested the hypothesis that the ulcer healing mechanism stimulated by rebamipide is linked physiologically to the gastric midkine-RPTP-beta system.Seven-week-old-male Wistar rats were used. Midkine and RPTP-beta gene expression in rat stomach was investigated by laser capture microdissection coupled with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of rebamipide on midkine and RPTP-beta expression in rat stomach and the gastric epithelial cell line RGM1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses.Midkine and RPTP-beta expression was detected in the gastric mucosal, submucosal and muscle layers. Rebamipide stimulated both midkine and RPTP-beta expression in rat stomach and RGM1 cells.Rebamipide may protect the gastric mucosa by regulating midkine and RPTP-beta expression.

Refractory asthma may include diseases other than bronchial asthma.1 We report a 19 year old woman with stridor who developed progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity (PER). The patient had been undergoing treatment with prednisolone for a diagnosis of refractory asthma but she stopped taking steroids in March 1999 due to avascular necrosis of the femoral heads. She was admitted …

Selective growth on non-planar substrates has recently become accepted as a promising means for the fabrication of semiconductor quantum wires (QWRs) with improved electrical and optical characteristics. The most common selective growth method for QWRs, in which the V-grooves are prepared by chemical etching, has not been applied to InGaAs/InAlAs QWRs by the conventional MBE method using an As/sub 4/ flux. Because a strong migration of In atoms destroys the V-groove shape during formation of the InAlAs barrier layer, InGaAs QWRs cannot be fabricated on a V-grooved substrate. We have previously overcome this problem by utilizing an As/sub 2/ flux (Sugaya (1998)). The V-shape was preserved during InAlAs barrier layer growth due to the suppressed migration of In atoms under the As/sub 2/ flux. In this report, the V-grooved QWR-FETs are realized by the selective growth using As/sub 2/ flux and their transport characteristics are studied. An analysis of the depopulation of one-dimensional subbands in these structures reveals little evidence for sidewall depletion.

The antibodies against omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CTX GVIA; N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel [VDCC] blocker) and B1Nt (N-terminal segment [residues 1-13] of BI alpha1 subunits of VDCCs) were prepared, and the selectivity for each antigen omega-CTX GVIA and B1Nt was investigated. For the antigen selectivity of anti-omega-CTX GVIA antibody against omega-CTX GVIA, ELISA, and immunoprecipitation were used. The reactions for ELISA and immunoprecipitation were observed except when antibody IgG purified by Protein A-Sepharose CL-4B from nonimmunized serum (purified NI-Ab) was used. The specific reactions were inhibited by 10 nM omega-CTX GVIA, but not by omega-CTX SVIB (N-type VDCC blocker), omega-CTX MVIIC (N- and P-type VDCC blocker), or omega-Aga IVA (P-type VDCC blocker). For the antigen selectivity of the anti-B1Nt antibody, analyses by ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting were conducted. The reactions were observed except when NI-Ab was used. The ELISA and immunoprecipitation reactions were inhibited by the antigen peptide B1Nt, and the IC50 values were about 1.2 x 10(-8) and 1.3 x 10(-8) M, respectively. The bands of 210 and 190 kD by Western blotting of crude membranes from chick brain were also inhibited by 1 microM B1Nt. These results suggest that the antibodies prepared against omega-CTX GVIA and B1Nt in this work have high selectivity for their antigen. Therefore we assume that the antibodies against omega-CTX GVIA and B1Nt are useful tools for the analyses of the function and distribution of N-type VDCCs. The anti omega-CTX GVIA antibody must also be useful for the radioimmunoassay of omega-CTX GVIA.

The TBP-like protein (TLP/TRF2/TLF), which belongs to the TBP family of proteins, is present in all metazoan organisms. Although the human TLP has been reported to interfere with transcription from TATA-containing promoters, the transcription activation potential of TLP in higher animals is obscure. We previously demonstrated that artificially promoter-recruited TLP behaves like an unconventional transcriptional activator. In this study, we investigated the effects of TLP on TATA-less promoters of mouse and human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) genes by transient reporter assays. As expected, TLP repressed both basal and activator-augmented transcription from the TATA-containing adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) and E1B promoter. On the other hand, however, TLP significantly stimulated both basal and activated transcription from TdT promoters. We investigated the strength of the promoters in chicken DT40 cells that lack the TLP gene. The MLP showed higher activity but the TdT promoter showed lower activity in TLP-null cells than in the wild-type cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of mouse TLP in the TLP-null cells considerably stimulated the TdT promoter. Insertion of a TATA element upstream from the TdT core promoter resulted in a loss of TLP-mediated activation. The mouse TLP was demonstrated to bind specifically to TFIIA with greater strength than TBP. We constructed mutated TLPs having amino acid substitutions that impair TFIIA binding. A representative TLP mutant lacking TFIIA-binding ability could not stimulate transcription from the TdT promoter, whereas that mutation suppressed TLP-mediated transcription repression of TATA promoters. The results of the present study suggest that the vertebrate TLP potentiates exogenous TATA-less promoters and that TFIIA plays an important role in the TLP function.

It is shown that electron-beam doping processes (superdiffusion) in semiconductors are useful for microprocesses, even in the damage-free region and at room temperature, and these experimental results are in good agreement with the exact solutions of the so-called kick-out mechanism. Silicon and zinc atoms diffuse into GaAs wafers, respectively due to the kick-out mechanism by electron beam doping.

A 3-dimensional process simulator based on an open architecture has been designed. A C++ like input language is designed to flexibly control process flow and to easily add user designed function. A self explaining data file format and its input/output C++ libraries are developed to ensure data exchange between the user's data file and HySyProS by using C++ class libraries. Several classes for discretizing and assembling drift-diffusion equations are developed for testing diffusion models efficiently.