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The pursuit of a high-capacity anode material has been urgently required for commercializing sodium-ion batteries with a high energy density and an improved working safety. In the absence of thermodynamically stable sodium intercalated compounds with graphite, constructing nanostructures with expanded interlayer distances is still the mainstream option for developing high-performance carbonaceous anodes. In this regard, a surface-functionalized and pore-forming strategy through a facile CO2 thermal etching route was rationally adopted to engineer negligible oxygenated functionalities on commercial carbon for boosting the sodium storage process. Benefitted from the abundant ionic/electronic pathways and more active reaction sites in the microporous structure with noticeable pseudocapacitive behaviors, the functionalized porous carbon could achieve a highly reversible capacity of 505 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1, an excellent rate performance of 181 mA h g-1 at 16,000 mA g-1, and an exceptional rate cycle stability of 176 mA h g-1 at 3200 mA g-1 over 1000 cycles. These outstanding electrochemical properties should be ascribed to a synergistic mechanism, fully utilizing the graphitic and amorphous structures for synchronous intercalations of sodium ions and solvated sodium ion compounds, respectively. Additionally, the controllable generation and evolution of a robust but thin solid electrolyte interphase film with the emergence of obvious capacitive reactions on the defective surface, favoring the rapid migration of sodium ions and solvated species, also contribute to a remarkable electrochemical performance of this porous carbon black.

Objective To investigate the effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin on renal function and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in elderly patients with early diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods A total of 97 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who attended our hospital from September 1, 2019 to August 1, 2021 were enrolled, and according to urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), they were divided into normal UACR group and early DKD group. A random number table was further used to determine whether each patient in the above two groups was treated with dapagliflozin. Finally, all patients were divided into normal-UACR dapagliflozin group (group A), normal-UACR control group (group B), early-DKD dapagliflozin group (group C), and early-DKD control group (group D), and these four groups were compared in terms of the changes in related clinical indices at 1 year after treatment. Results After 1 year of treatment, group A had significant changes in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, UACR, annualized relapse rate (ARR), fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin (t=2.098-7.122,P

The transport safety of radioactive material is of utmost significance, which is mainly based on the safety of packages. In accordance with the IAEA Regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material, radioactive material transport packages undergo rigorous testing under diverse transport conditions including free drop tests and thermal tests. The determination of the appropriate thickness for the insulation layer poses a challenge, as it necessitates the consideration of factors such as the dissipation of internal heat sources and protection against fire accidents. Finite element simulation is usually used for the design and testing of packages. The requirement of the cumulation effect for the drop test and thermal test makes it harder for the finite element method in testing. In this paper, a method for thickness changing of insulation layer thickness in finite element simulation was developed and verified. A radioactive material transport package is taken as an example for the cumulating effect of the drop test and the thermal test.

Parental divorce has been extensively documented as a risk factor for adolescent psychosocial functions. However, recent empirical findings argue that adolescents following parental divorce are not disadvantaged, indicating that adolescents' reactions to parental divorce may vary substantially. Given these mixed findings in the existing literature, the current study uses a person-centered approach to explore psychosocial adjustment profiles in Chinese adolescents and compare these emerging profiles between adolescents from divorced and intact families. Likewise, this study investigates the direct and interactive effects of paternal attachment, maternal attachment, adolescent's gender, and family structure (divorced vs. intact) on these emerging profiles. A total of 681 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old (M.sub.age = 15.64; SD = 1.59) were involved in this study. Of these adolescents, 237 adolescents (59% girls) were from divorced families, and 444 adolescents (66% girls) were from intact families. The results of a latent profile analysis showed four empirically driven adjustment profiles: severely maladaptive, slightly maladaptive, indifferent, and adaptive. Adolescents from divorced families exhibited a higher proportion of the severely maladaptive profile and a lower percentage of the adaptive profile than those from intact families. Moreover, the results of a multinomial logistic regression exhibited that parental divorce enhanced the probability of being members of the maladaptive profile (vs. the adaptive profile) for boys. In addition, girls from divorced families with secure maternal attachment were more likely to be members of the adaptive profile (vs. the slightly maladaptive). The current findings indicate that Chinese adolescents following parental divorce exhibit a maladaptive pattern of psychosocial functions, and this maladjustment pattern is particularly heightened for boys. Secure maternal attachment significantly contributes to girls' (but not boys') post-divorce adaptive functions., Author(s): Xiaoyu Lan [sup.1] , Qian Sun [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.20513.35, 0000 0004 1789 9964, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, , No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875, Beijing, China (2) [...]

The porous carbon blacks rationally designed by a facile yet efficient NH3 thermal etching route have been investigated as anode materials in an ether-based electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries. The as-synthesized CBN35 carbon black with a 35% weight loss after NH3 thermal etching exhibited a large specific charge capacity of 352 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a superior rate capability of 101 mAh g−1 at 16000 mA g−1, due to its highest microporosity, an appropriate surface area, a desirable microstructure, and a promising hybrid intercalation mechanism. Impressively, even cycled at 1600 mA g−1 over 3200 cycles, an outstanding reversible capacity of 103 mAh g−1 with a negligible 0.0162% capacity loss per cycle can still be achieved. Based on the multimodal characterizations including the structural probes of phase evolution for carbon materials, the electrochemical techniques, and the surface-sensitive XAS measurements, the exceptional electrochemical properties should stem from several merits of modified carbon black system. While the particular microporous structure provides relatively more accessible sodium storage sites, a novel hybrid intercalation mechanism in ether-based electrolyte would incorporate the sodium ion insertion into the disordered structure with the solvated sodium ion species co-intercalation into the graphitic phase. In addition to the diffusion-controlled redox reactions, the noticeable surface-induced pseudocapacitive reactions also significantly contribute to the charge storage upon sodiation and guarantee the rapid migrations of sodium ions/solvated compounds. This system further features a controlled emergence of a robust but thin solid electrolyte interphase layer, which could suppress the side reactions of active electrode with reactive electrolyte, maintain the fragile porous structure upon cycling, and facilitate the migrations of sodium ions and solvated sodium ion compounds.