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English: Although Schilder's theology was known mostly just in the Netherlands in his lifetime, the relevance of his theology is not restricted to that country. Schilder is relevant for later generations, perhaps even more so today. The reason is three-fold: firstly Schilder tried to build his whole theology on revelation in Scriptures, and secondly his whole theology was about the church and thirdly he gave answers to problems that still exist in the church today. Schilder's view of the church can be very helpful in the African context regarding education, theological training and reformed politics and even art criticism. The works of Schilder was the primary source of this study. Research was clone of possible themes in Schilder's writings about the church. The role of polemics and the historical background was established that formed the context in which his view of the church must be understood. His ecclesiological statements was then sistematicaly assorted. It was evident that his theology was mostly amazingly coherent. Although Schilder's work doesn't show at firts glance traces of a thorough theological system, due to his personality and his many polemics, it is demonstrable that he indeed operated within a clear and austere system. From his believe in the unity of God stems two other axioms of his theology namely that there is a unity in Scriptures and the unity of the church, His ecclesiology has a dynamic element that is coupled with his view of the covenant and man's obedience within the covenantal framework. Schilder's theology, and his ecclesiology as an integral part thereof, did succumb to inherent tension. This is due to his view on election and the covenant, as well as the high esteem he placed on church responsibility and the church's possibility within the covenant., Afrikaans: Hierdie studie is aangepak deur na Schilder self te luister. Daar is nagevors of Schilder deurlopende temas in sy werk het, wanneer hy oor die kerk geskryfhet. Sy sienings is ontleed nadat die polemiese agtergrond en historiese konteks vasgestel is, waarbinne Schilder se stelling gemaak is, en daarna is die uitsprake gegroepeer. Daar het geblyk dat Schilder meestal verbasend konsekwent was in sy teologie. Alhoewel Schilder se werk, as gevolg van baie polemieke en selfs sy persoonlikheid, met die eerste oogopslag nie blyke toon van 'n geordende teologiese sisteem nie, is dit tog aantoonbaar dat hy met 'n duidelik omlynde teologie besig was. Vanuit sy geloofin die eenheid van God kom twee teologiese aksiomas na vore maanlik dat daar eenheid in die Skrifopenbaring is en daarom eenheid in die kerk. Sy ekklesiologie het 'n dinamiese element wat gepaard gaan met sy siening van die verbond en die mens se verpligte gehoorsaamheid binne die verbondsraamwerk. Schilder se teologie, en ook sy ekklesiologie as 'n inherente decl daarvan, het gebuk gegaan onder bepaalde spanninge. Hierdie spanning is as gevolg van sy siening van die uitverkiesing en die verbond, asook die hoë premie wat hy geplaas het op die kerk se verantwoordelikheid en die kerk se potensiaal binne die verbond., Netherlands government

As a point of departure in this inherently interdisciplinary endeavour, the concept "Holistic Multidisciplinary Management" ("HMM") is introduced a.s a macrocosmic adaption of principles of project management. In line with HMM, a number of submissions regarding terminology and definitions in the interdisciplinary context of medicine (and particularly clinical psychiatry) and law, are made, and the foundations of medical malpractice are examined. Building on the various foundations laid, specific types of conduct that can constitute clinical-psychiatric malpractice, are addressed. A common theme that emerges in the various contexts covered, is that the psychiatrist must negotiate various proverbial tightropes, involving inter alia tensions between restraint and freedom, excessive and insufficient medication, becoming too involved and not being involved enough with clients, as well as client confidentiality and the duty to warn third parties. It is concluded that law and medicine. must work harmoniously together to establish appropriate balance. This can be achieved only if mutual understanding and integrated functioning are promoted and translated into practice.

Generally, effects of herbivory on plant fitness have been measured in terms of female reproductive success (seed production). However, male plant fitness, defined as the number of seeds sired by pollen, contributes half of the genes to the next generation and is therefore crucial to the evolution of natural plant populations. This is the first study to examine effects of insect herbivory on both male and female plant reproductive success. Through controlled field and greenhouse experiments and genetic paternity analysis, we found that foliar damage by insects caused a range of responses by plants. In one environment, damaged plants had greater success as male parents than undamaged plants. Neither effects on pollen competitive ability nor pollinator visitation patterns could explain the greater siring success of these damaged plants. Success of damaged plants as male parents appeared to be due primarily to changes in allocation to flowers versus seeds after damage. Damaged plants produced more flowers early in the season, but not more seeds, than undamaged plants. Based on total seed production, male fitness measures from the first third of the season, and flower production, we estimated that damaged and undamaged plants had equal total reproductive success at the end of the season in this environment. In a second, richer environment, damaged and undamaged plants had equal male and female plant fitness, and no traits differed significantly between the treatments. Equal total reproductive success may not be ecologically or evolutionarily equivalent if it is achieved differentially through male versus female fitness. Genes from damaged plants dispersed through pollen may escape attack from herbivores, if such attack is correlated spatially from year to year.