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Magnetic nanoparticles represent a nanotechnology for the treatment of cancer as a result of the localized the thermal gradients produced in response to an oscillating magnetic field. Using a sodium borohydride reduction of ferrous chloride in the presence of carboxyl terminated polyethylene glycol this study looks at the contribution of particle size to the achievable temperature using a 500 kHz excitation field. By magnetically separating the as-synthesized sample it was found that the smaller particles within the sample are more effective heating elements. Index Terms--Chemical synthesis, hyperthermia, magnetic nanoparticles.

Background: Traditional medicine adequately emphasis plant resources for addressing a wide variety of human ailments by utilizing the naturally occurring phytoconstituents; in particular medicinal plants or parts of plants in combination have prodigious antioxidant potentials. Objective: The present study aims to analyze methanolic extract of W. somnifera (W) individually, and in dual combination with five Rasayana herbs P. emblica - (W:P), B. monnieri - (W:B), T. sinensis - (W:T), O. basilicum - (W:O), A. racemosus - (W:A) in three dual ratios [4:1, 1:1, and 1:4]. The efficacy of the combinations is assessed based on their chemometric profiling. Material and methods: A total of 15 dual combinatorial methanolic extracts together with W. somnifera were evaluated for their preliminary phytochemical profiles, antioxidant potentials using DPPH and FRAP assays. Five dual samples were selected and analyzed for High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) image-based chemometric profiling followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA)-Heatmaps. Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of combinatorial extracts exhibited a richness for a variety of phytoconstituents. The antioxidant activity was significantly higher for DPPH IC50 (μg/mL): W = 11.56 ± 3.69; W:P/1:4 = 7.89 ± 1.52; W:O/1:4 = 8.995 ± 2.64 and FRAP (μM FeE/g): W = 4.56 ± 0.54; W:P/1:4 = 138.34 ± 9.25; W:O/1:4 = 15.32 ± 1.64. Chemometric data acquisition displayed improved secondary metabolite close cluster combination with W:O/1:4 and W:P/1:4 than W. somnifera (W) alone. Conclusion: The dual herbal combinatorial study revealed that the methanolic combinatorial extracts phytoconstituents correlated with an increase in the antioxidant potential and would serve as a promising source for phytomedicine.

Abstract Background It is unclear whether faster progression of atherosclerosis explains the higher risk of cardiovascular events in CKD. The objectives of this study were to 1. Characterize the associations of CKD with presence and morphology of atherosclerotic plaques on carotid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2. Examine the associations of baseline CKD and carotid atherosclerotic plaques with subsequent cardiovascular events. Methods In a subgroup (N = 465) of Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. (SPRINT) participants, we measured carotid plaque presence and morphology at baseline and after 30-months with MRI. We examined the associations of CKD (baseline eGFR

Introduction: Biomass burning is a principal contributor of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air. A vast majority of rural households in South Asia are still using crude biomass fuel in kitchens causing poor air quality. This pushes the children and women population to severe exposure risk. In this work, 14 PAHs out of 16 priority PAHs of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)-bound to Biomass Fuel Smoke Particles (BFSPs) produced during burning various crude biomass fuels in rural kitchens had been characterized. Materials and methods: Representative rural households were taken for this study. Two sets of samples were collected during dry and wet periods using filter paper by a passive collection method and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: PAHs with even number of rings (2-ring and 4-ring PAHs) dominated the Biomass Fuel Smoke Particles (BFSPs). PAH contents in BFSPs of the wet period were higher than the dry period samples. Different PAH ratios differed from reported studies on ambient atmosphere particulates and test environment. Higher Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) values were found during the wet period compared to the dry period in most BFSPs. The risk via ingestion and dermal contact was about 104 to 105 magnitudes higher than the inhalation risk. Conclusion: The study reported seasonal variation of PAHs from biomass fuels and associated health risks to the exposed population. The higher levels of PAHs and the associated health risks may pose significant risks to the exposed women and children.

In medical science, automatic disease diagnosis is an invaluable tool because of restricted observation of the specialist and uncertainties in medical knowledge. Advances in medical information technology have enabled healthcare industries to automatically collect huge amount of data through clinical laboratory examinations. To explore these data, the past few years have envisaged the use of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems in many screening sites and hospitals. While using CAD, thyroid function diagnosis is considered as a classification problem, which can automatically identify the type of thyroid (hyper, hypo or normal). Machine learning techniques are increasingly introduced to construct the CAD systems owing to its strong capability of extracting complex relationships in the biomedical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystals of bis(4-aminopyridinium) dichromate (CHN)[CrO] ( 1) were isolated via slow solvent evaporation and characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), infrared (IR) and ultratviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The room-temperature (RT; 298 K) phase of 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/ m. Its asymmetric unit consists of two crystallographically independent 4-aminopyridinium cations (A and B) and two halves of symmetry-independent dichromate anions (A and B). Cations and anions are linked with the aid of several moderate N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯O interactions resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular network. The crystal structure is further stabilized by extensive π-π stacking interactions between adjacent pyridine rings. A comparison of the structure of the RT phase of 1 and that of the low temperature (LT; 150 K) phase is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The incidence of telescopic bite is a rare occurrence. Brodie bite malocclusions manifest with severe skeletal and dental transverse, sagittal and vertical problems. Materials and methods: A patient presenting with a telescopic bite and mandibular retrognathism was treated by orthognathic approach. A unique surgical splint was used as an aid in performing the maxillary constriction and segmental osteotomy. Conclusion: The telescopic bite was corrected successfully and occlusal rehabilitation was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To report contemporary regression rates from impaired glucose regulation to normal glucose tolerance, identify modifiable factors associated with early regression, and establish whether it affects subsequent diabetes risk in a population-based cohort. Methods Participants with impaired glucose regulation (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test) at baseline in the UK-based ADDITION-Leicester study had annual Type 2 diabetes re-screens for 5 years or until diabetes diagnosis. Logistic regression models investigated modifiable risk factors for regression to normal glucose tolerance at 1 year ( n = 817). Cox regression models estimated subsequent diabetes risk ( n = 630). Results At 1 year, 54% of participants had regressed to normal glucose tolerance, and 6% had progressed to diabetes. Regression to normal glucose tolerance was associated with weight loss of 0.1-3% [adjusted odds ratio 1.81 (95% CI 1.08, 3.03) compared with maintaining or gaining weight] and a waist circumference reduction of > 3 cm [adjusted odds ratio 1.78 (95% CI 1.03, 3.06) compared with maintaining or increasing waist circumference]. Those with normal glucose tolerance at 1 year subsequently had lower diabetes risk than those who remained with impaired glucose regulation [adjusted hazard ratio 0.19 (95% CI 0.10, 0.37)]. Conclusions Early regression to normal glucose tolerance was associated with reduced diabetes incidence, and might be induced by small reductions in weight or waist circumference. If confirmed in experimental research, this could be a clear and achievable target for individuals diagnosed with impaired glucose regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Despite the great potential of marine diatoms in biofuel sector, commercially viable biofuel production from native diatom strain is impractical. Targeted engineering of TAG pathway represents a promising approach; however, recruitment of potential candidate has been regarded as critical. Here, we identified a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (GPAT2) isoform and overexpressed in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Results GPAT2 overexpression did not impair growth and photosynthesis. GPAT2 overexpression reduced carbohydrates and protein content, however, lipid content were significantly increased. Specifically, TAG content was notably increased by 2.9-fold than phospho- and glyco-lipids. GPAT2 overexpression elicited the push-and-pull strategy by increasing the abundance of substrates for the subsequent metabolic enzymes, thereby increased the expression of LPAAT and DGAT. Besides, GPAT2-mediated lipid overproduction coordinated the expression of NADPH biosynthetic genes. GPAT2 altered the fatty acid profile in TAGs with C16:0 as the predominant fatty acid moieties. We further investigated the impact of GPAT2 on conferring abiotic stress, which exhibited enhanced tolerance to hyposaline (70%) and chilling (10 ºC) conditions via altered fatty acid saturation level. Conclusions Collectively, our results exemplified the critical role of GPAT2 in hyperaccumulating TAGs with altered fatty acid profile, which in turn uphold resistance to abiotic stress conditions.