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Haptic feedback plays a significant role in minimally invasive robotic surgery (MIRS). A major deficiency of the current MIRS is the lack of haptic perception for the surgeon, including the commercially available robot da Vinci surgical system. In this paper, a dynamics model of a haptic robot is established based on Newton-Euler method. Because it took some period of time in exact dynamics solution, we used a digital PID arithmetic dependent on robot dynamics to ensure real-time bilateral control, and it could improve tracking precision and real-time control efficiency. To prove the proposed method, an experimental system in which two Novint Falcon haptic devices acting as master-slave system has been developed. Simulations and experiments showed proposed methods could give instrument force feedbacks to operator, and bilateral control strategy is an effective method to master-slave MIRS. The proposed methods could be used to tele-robotic system.

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is finding increasing application and acceptance as a non-invasive approach to the treatment of targeted malignancy. Despite the wealth of research and interest in HIFU, there are still a number of issues that need to be overcome to extend its clinical applications. These relate to the accuracy of placing the HIFU beam, the ability to visualize the target volume, and the understanding of the beam interaction with tissue. In this paper, the output characteristics of a single element HIFU transducer have been investigated with the assistance of a six-axis modified industrial robot. It is shown in the experimental results that clearly defined thermal or mechanical damage can be produced by changing the parameters of the HIFU. The nature and patterns of damage produced by pre-programmed treatment are now being investigated in tissue.