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To meet the increasing demand for mobile broadband, multiple carrier features were subsequently introduced into UMTS Release-8 to Release-10. As a consequence, the UE capabilities of rejecting inter-stream interference have increased considerably. To fully utilize the UE capabilities and wireless resources, multi-point transmissions raised concerns in 3GPP High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) standardizing process. Multi-point transmission is a promising technique to increase both the average cell throughput and cell edge user throughput. A novel cooperative sector selection algorithm, which takes both channel condition and sector loading into consideration, and an adaptive precoding transmission scheme are proposed for HSPA multi-point transmission. Through the system level simulation, the proposed transmission scheme effectively outperforms the non-cooperative system and non-adaptive cooperative scheme on both the average sector throughput and sector-edge UEs' rates significantly.

The extraction and determination of cytisine, sophocarpine, matrine, sophoridine and oxymatrine in Sophora flavescens Ait. were performed using subcritical water extraction and capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking. The effects of extraction temperature, pressure, time and cycle number on the extraction yields were investigated systematically for accelerated solvent extraction with ethanol (ASE) and accelerated solvent extraction with water (subcritical water extraction, SWE). The extraction yields obtained using SWE, ASE, water ultrasonic extraction and chloroform soaking extraction methods were compared. The electrophoresis separation buffer was monosodium phosphate (pH 3.0; 110 mM)-isopropanol (85:15, v/v). The effect of phosphoric acid added to the sample matrix on the reproducibility of the peak heights of the analytes was also examined. Cytisine, sophoridine and oxymatrine showed good linearity (R(2)>0.999) within 0.125-4.0 μg/mL, and sophocarpine and matrine exhibited good linearity (R(2)>0.998) within 0.0625-2.0 μg/mL, with the detection limits in the range of 0.004-0.0013 μg/mL. The five alkaloid contents in medicinal plants from different sources and Sophora instant granule were determined and compared.

Transmit diversity can be regarded as a technology in wireless communication in order to enhance the system performance. Some relevant methods of transmit diversity have been presented on the basis of link-level research but do not consider multiple access interference (MAI) existing among users in the uplink of multi-user system. In this paper, we proposed one uplink transmit diversity scheme, which considers the effect of MAI in HSUPA. System-level simulation shows our strategy can degrade the interference level at receiver, save transmit power of user, and make an improvement to system throughput compared with the traditional method which does not consider MAI to some extent.

The CeCo3Ni2 compound was synthesized by arc melting under argon atmosphere. High-quality powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of CeCo3Ni2 have been collected using a Rigaku SmartLab X-ray powder diffractometer. The refinement of the XRD pattern for the CeCo3Ni2 compound shows that the CeCo3Ni2 is a hexagonal structure, space group P6/mmm (No.191) with a = b = 4.9081(2) Å, c = 4.0034(2) Å, V = 83.52 Å3, Z = 1, and ρx = 8.6347 g cm−3. The Smith–Snyder FOM F30 = 112.7(0.0089, 30) and the intensity ratio RIR = 0.48.

Adaptive beam-forming antenna (ABA) has been adopted as one of the key techniques of the TDD system. Because of the spatial variation of UE and imprecise digital signal processing (DSP) in the practical system, the system performance is deteriorated by the estimation errors of the direction of arrival (DOA). We evaluate the LTE TDD downlink performance of ABA without DOA estimation errors. Meanwhile, the impact of imperfect ABA on the system performance for the FTP-specific service as well as mixed services including FTP and video is investigated. Also a simple mixed services scheduler with adaptive emergency threshold (AET) is proposed over LTE TDD system to improve the system throughput while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) of video service.

As a mainstream technology in the B3G TDD systems, TD-HSDPA (LCR TDD HSDPA, High-Speed Downlink Packet Access of Low Chip Rate TDD) adopts some key techniques to achieve high system throughput and high peak data rate, such as AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) and HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest). However, feedback delay is inevitable in practical TD-HSDPA systems due to the conventional scheduling mechanism, and its impact on wireless scheduling is critical. In this paper, the joint system performances of the key techniques are studied; furthermore, a new efficient scheduling algorithm is proposed. Compared to the conventional scheduling, the delay-restricted scheduling can reduce the feedback delay to improve the system capacity remarkably. Detailed network-performance results are shown from a comprehensive dynamic system-level simulator, and these presented results are obtained for a macrocellular scenario with best effort packet data services to reflect the expected improvement from introducing delay-restricted scheduling in a multi-carrier TD-HSDPA system.

In this paper, Smart Antennas and HSDPA technology in TD-SCDMA will be discussed. It is demonstrated to be inefficient when they are combined together due to the shortage of channelization code resources. To use Smart Antennas more efficiently in TD-SCDMA HSDPA, one SDMA algorithm with combination of generic schedule algorithms is proposed. With SDMA, the system can allocate same channelization codes to different users who are spatially separable well enough. To reduce the complexity, the algorithm is simplified based on some reasonable scenario. The performances of the simplified algorithm with 3 different common schedule algorithms are evaluated through a system simulator, and the parameters affecting the algorithm are studied. In the end, the simulation results show that the system throughputs can be increased with optimized parameters.

This paper researches key techniques and the scheduling strategies in multi-carrier LCR TDD (low chip rate time division duplex) systems. We propose a new PF (proportional fairness) scheduling algorithm based on rate-prediction, and different scheduling strategies combined with SA (smart antenna) or JD (joint detection), which improve the throughput of packet traffics are simulated in dynamic system layer simulation. As some curves are obtained, we can get the dependency relationship between different kinds of technologies.

All the factors that influence the rolling force are analyzed, and the neural network model which uses the back propagation (BP) learning algorithm for the calculation of rolling force is created. The initial network's weights corresponding to the input material grades are taught by the traditional theoretical model, and saved in the database. In order to increase the prediction accuracy of rolling force, we use the measured rolling force data to teach the neural network after several coils of the same input material are rolled down.

The Intensity Heavy Ion Superconducting Linear Accelerator as the injector of the High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility, which is a new project proposed in China has been designed. One of the design options in the low energy part is based on Quarter Wave Resonators (QWRs). However, because of the unsymmetrical geometry of the cavity, there are dipole fields near the beam hole, which may steer the beam vertically, thus leading to emittance growth and beam loss. The effect of the dipole mode field is analyzed, and a method to overcome the beam steering effect by placing QWRs with opposite orientation is proposed in this paper. The simulation results show that the beam steering effect is reduced effectively by this method, and the deviation of the beam centroid is decreased from 2.87 mm to 0.1 mm. The emittance growth is also smaller.

A simple and rapid capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed for the separation of the main alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Ait. with the optimum buffer solution containing 110 mM NaH(2)PO(4) and 15% 2-propanol (pH 3.0). The field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) technique was applied to the on-line concentration of the alkaloids. The data presented in this work demonstrate that the use of a short water plug at the column inlet is essential for improving the reproducibility of FASS with electro-injection, and that the water plug injection time affected the sensitivity significantly. The sample concentration was further increased by about 2-3-fold by the introduction of a relatively longer water plug. With this stacking measure, the concentration sensitivity was about 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than in hydrodynamic injection.

A Bragg grating is inscribed into the cladding of an all-solid photonic bandgap fiber by use of side femtosecond illumination. Multimode resonances are observed, with calculations resulting from guided supermodes in the cladding by the phase matching condition. All supermode resonances show nearly the same sensitivity to strain and temperature, about 0.98 pm/μe and 12.78 pm/°C, respectively, while their resonant wavelengths are insensitive to bend. An annealing test shows that this grating can endure temperatures higher than 1100°C where it can still keep high reflectivity and good repeatability. Such a Bragg grating could have potential applications in fiber sensors for strain and temperature measurements, with low cross-sensitivity to bend or an external refractive index, especially in harsh environments.

Mechanism and sensing applications of antiresonant reflecting guidance in an alcohol-filled simplified hollow-core (SHC) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) are demonstrated. By filling one air hole in the air cladding of the PCF with alcohol, anti-resonant reflecting guidance of light can be achieved and energy leakage of the core modes can be induced at resonant wavelengths of the Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonator formed by the alcohol-filled layer combined with the silica cladding in the cross-section of the PCF. The proposed structure exhibits periodic lossy dips in the transmission spectrum, of which the visibilities are sensitive to the refractive index of surrounding medium due to the reflectivity variation of the F-P resonator. Water level sensing is experimentally realized with this principle and the lossy dip exhibits a linear decrease against water level with a sensitivity of 1.1 dB/mm. The sensor is also sensitive to environmental temperature and a temperature sensitivity of -0.48 nm/°C is obtained between room temperature and 60 °C.

A new compact accelerating structure named Hybrid RFQ is proposed to accelerate a high-intensity low-energy heavy ion beam in HISCL (High Intensive heavy ion SuperConducting Linear accelerator), which is an injector of HIAF (Heavy Ion Advanced Research Facility). It is combined by an alternative series of acceleration gaps and RFQ sections. The proposed structure has a high accelerating ability compared with a conventional RFQ and is more compact than traditional DTLs. A Hybrid RFQ is designed to accelerate U-238(34+) from 0.38 MeV/u to 1.33 MeV/u. The operation frequency is described to be 81.25 MHz at CW (continuous wave) mode. The design beam current is 1.0 mA. The results of beam dynamics and RF simulation of the Hybrid RFQ show that the structure has a good performance at the energy range for ion acceleration. The emittance growth is less than 5% in both directions and the RF power is less than 150 kW. In this paper, the results of beam dynamics and RF simulation of the Hybrid RFQ are presented.

The Injector II, one of the two parallel injectors of the high-current superconducting proton driver linac for the China Accelerator-Driven System (C-ADS) project, is being designed and constructed by the Institute of Modern Physics. At present, the design work for the injector is almost finished. End-to-end simulation has been carried out using the TRACK multiparticle simulation code to check the match between each acceleration section and the performance of the injector as a whole. Moreover, multiparticle simulations with all kinds of errors and misalignments have been performed to define the requirements of each device. The simulation results indicate that the lattice design is robust. In this paper, the results of end-to-end simulation and error simulation with a 3-D field map are presented.

A fiber optical inclinometer based on modal interferometer is demonstrated for bend angle sensing. The device consists of a piece of simplified hollow core photonic crystal fiber sandwiched between single mode fibers with lateral offset. The measurement of bend angles up to 45° is demonstrated, and the spectrum exhibits a blueshift of over 50 nm. The sensitivity is found to increase with the applied bend angles and reaches 2.4 nm/deg at 45°, and the response is independent of the direction of bending. A low temperature sensitivity of 0.5 pm/°C is observed between room temperature and 1000°C. Due to its capacity for withstanding high temperature, the device can work as a direction-independent inclinometer in high-temperature environments.

Fluorescence signal amplification by cation exchange in aptamer-conjugated CdSe nanoclusters, a biological self-assembly of CdSe quantum dots, was developed as a novel method for cancer cell detection.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death in the United States. A fraction of these tumors harbor somatic activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leading to constitutive activation of the kinase. Targeting this pathway using a class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as gefitinib or erlotinib induces significant initial responses in patients with NSCLC expressing activating EGFR mutations, however, disease progression invariably occurs in part due to the outgrowth of cancers with EGFR TKI resistant secondary mutations. There are many ongoing attempts to overcome this problem, but the current efforts are mostly focused on EGFR itself and their effectiveness remains inconclusive. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) /Jak/Stat3 signaling pathway is critical not only for inflammation and immunity, but also for oncogenesis. Stat3 is persistently activated in many human cancers, promoting tumorigenesis through the regulation of genes important for proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. We previously determined that Stat3 is activated in mutant EGFR expressing NSCLC cell lines and primary tumors in part through autocrine upregulation of the IL-6 gene that activates the gp130/Jak signaling. In our current report, we studied the in vivo effect of inhibiting the IL-6/Jak/Stat3 signaling in EGFR TKI-resistant models of NSCLC. Our data demonstrated that Jak inhibition by a novel orally available Jak inhibitor markedly repressed in vivo growth of 3 different TKI resistant NSCLC cell lines as well as a TKI sensitive cell line. Immunohistochemical analyses of these samples revealed reduced proliferation and angiogenesis in Jak inhibitor treated tumors. In addition, administration of an IL-6R blocking antibody to xenograft tumors of a TKI resistant NSCLC cell line also achieved significant reduction in tumor growth compared to controls. We further tested the potential role of IL-6 in a transgenic murine model of TKI-resistant, mutant EGFR mediated lung cancer. Our results demonstrated mice lacking IL-6 still developed lung tumors but at a much slower rate of tumor progression compared to IL-6 expressing littermates. Additional examinations showed that mice lacking IL-6 developed tumors with papillary features compared to IL-6 expressing littermates whereas most of the tumors were of the more advanced, solid/pleiomorphic subtype. IL-6 deficient lung tumors had decreased proliferation and angiogenesis compared to tumors from wildtype littlermates. In summary, our findings lead us to hypothesize that the IL-6/Jak pathway should be considered as a novel therapeutic target for this disease, especially TKI resistant NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4689. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4689

Bragg gratings with the bandwidth(FWHM) narrowed up to 79 pm were inscribed in double-cladding fiber with femtosecond radiation and a phase mask followed by an annealing treatment. With the annealing temperature below a critical value, the bandwidth of Bragg gratings induced by Type I-IR and Type II-IR index change was narrowed without the reduction of reflectivity. The bandwidth narrowing is due to the profile transformation of the refractive index modulation caused by the annealing treatment. This mechanism was verified by comparing bandwidth narrowing processes of FBGs written with different power densities.

We develop an in-line bending sensor based on a tapered hollow core microstructured optical fiber, which paves a promising way for improving the sensing sensitivity. Accordingly, the bending sensitivity is up to 34.2 nm/m-1.