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Background: Golden Syrian hamster (GSH) have many advantages as animal models in preclinical research, but their application is currently limited by the lack of standardized techniques for analyzing gene expression. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a sensitive method for analyzing gene expression, but its reliability depends upon the selection of stable reference ("housekeeping") genes for proper normalization. The current study was aimed to RT-qPCR for investigated to determine the stability housekeeping gene in golden Syrian hamster. Methods: During the period of June 2019 to October 2019, the expression stability of eight commonly-used housekeeping genes (glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase, Gapdh; b-actin, Actb; hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1, Hprt1; ribosomal protein L13a, Rpl13a; ribosomal protein S18, Rps18; Beta-2-microglobulin, B2m; Tubulin beta class I, Tubb; Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta, Ywhaz) were investigated in lung, liver, spleen and pancreatic tissue of golden Syrian hamsters using Bestkeeper, geNorm, NormFinder software, comparative delta Ct method and RefFinder. Result: It was found that the stability of gene expression varied among tissue where in Actb was the most stably expressed housekeeping gene for lung tissue, Hprt1 for liver, Rpl13a for spleen and Tubb for pancreatic tissue. In contrast, the least stable housekeeping gene in both liver and spleen was Gapdh, Rps18 in pancreas and Ywhaz in lung tissue. These data provide a critical evaluation of housekeeping genes in GSH tissues that can be used as a guide for selection of the appropriate genes in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ventilations of pressure cylinders is a widely used practice in coal mine roadways in China. It has been determined that the velocities of the ventilations will directly affect the diffusion of the dust particles which reduce the visibility of road-header drivers, and also tend to slowdown operating efficiency. In this study, a CFD-DPM method was adopted in order to examine the airflow flow and dust pollution behaviors in coal mine roadways under various ventilation velocities. The results showed that airflow fields could be divided into disordered regions of airflow flow fast and chaos; recirculation regions, where there were dust backflow; and stable regions, from the heading faces to the exits of the coal mine roadways. The airflow were observed to carry the dust particles along the roadway wall away from the pressure cylinders from the disordered regions into the recirculation regions due to the blocks caused by the road-headers. It was observed that the dust migration had slowed down in the areas behind the road-headers due to the sudden decreases in the airflow velocities. Then, major amounts of dust particles were carried by airflow into the stable regions. The remaining dust was carried to the exits of the pressure cylinders as a result of the dust backflow. As a result, areas of approximately 5 m behind of the road-headers, as well as the areas near the exits of the pressure cylinders, contained high dust concentrations. The dust concentrations near the exits of the pressure cylinders into which the dust particles had been attracted due to the strong entrainment effects, were found to increase with increasing of the ventilation velocities. However, this had only occurred when ventilation velocities had exceeded 17 m/s. Image 1 • Dust dispersions under different ventilation velocities were studied. • Turbulent regions, backflow regions and stable regions. • There was airflow and dust refluxing from the behind the road-header. • High dust area existed when ventilation velocities exceeded 17 m/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An atomization dedusting device was designed and installed on the rear of the roadheader. The total and respirable dust suppression efficiency of the device has increased 24.8% and 43%, respectively, compared to traditional water curtain method. • An atomization device was invented for filtering the escaping coal dust. • Relationship between coverage and the water and air pressures were investigated. • Effect of secondary atomization on the droplet particle size was studied. • Determine the operating range of the device from the field perspective. During mining operations, large amounts of coal dust escape from the heading faces. This dust presents a serious hazard to the health and safety of workers in the excavation roadways. In this study, a device was designed to capture the escaped dust in a timely way. The device was suitable for heading with forced ventilation and it could generate a fog layer with a certain thickness through the twice atomization process. The fog layer could cover the entire roadway section to filter and remove the coal dust escaping from the heading face. The performance of the proposed device was experimentally studied under different working conditions. The experimental results showed that, with the increasing of the water pressure (P w), the particle sizes of droplets decreased while the coverage radius increased and its increasing rate gradually decelerated. Meanwhile, as the air pressure (P a) increased, the coverage radius displayed an upward trend, and the particle sizes of the droplets decreased gradually. In this study, four different water-air pressure ranges were tested to cope with the different field conditions. Then, the proposed device and obtained test results were applied at Zhangcun Coal Mine in China. The application results indicated that the total and respirable dust suppression efficiency of the device has increased 24.8% and 43%, respectively, compared to the traditional water curtain. Also, the device was estimated to have saved approximately 25% in water consumption when compared with the water curtain method. Therefore, it is believed that the new atomization device would be ideal for replacing traditional water curtains for the suppression of hazardous dust particles in underground coal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four typical coal gangue stacking modes were selected to study. • Self-heating degree of the coal gangue models was measured. • Loess isolation and stratified stacking can suppress self-heating process. Coal gangue is a solid waste material which is generated during coal mining processes. Due to its low utilization value, it is normally discarded on gangue fields where it is stacked into very large hill formations. Spontaneous combustion is one of the major hazards which frequently occur during the long-term stacking of coal gangue. This study targeted the coal gangue stacks of the Chengzhuang Coal Mine, located in China's Shanxi Province. The results of programmed heating tests helped determine that CO and C 2 H 4 could be used as the index gases in the predictions of the self-heating degrees of coal gangue. Four of the typical coal gangue stacking modes which were often adopted by the Chengzhuang Mine were selected as the experimental objects of this study. The corresponding coal gangue models were piled in a field, and the self-heating degrees were measured with the passage of time. The entire experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed that the loess isolation and loess stratified stacking methods could effectively suppress the self-heating processes. Also, the CO production and O 2 consumption of the coal gangue were consequently reduced. The study also indicated that in the loess stratified stacking, the inhibitory effects on the spontaneous combustion of the coal gangue had increased with the increased thicknesses of the loess layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract It is known that high-concentrations of dust threaten the health of road-header drivers in fully mechanized excavation faces. The regulation of the gas-solid two-phase flow in fully mechanized excavation faces is a key scientific issue for dust prevention and treatment. In this research study, a real fully mechanized excavation face was taken as the physical model. Then, a CFD-DPM method was adopted to model the gas-particle two-phase flow around a driver in a mine roadway. The results showed that there were two counter directional airflow paths on the heading face which formed three vortices, the centers of which were located in the front left, left and middle sections of the road-header, respectively, in the fully mechanized excavation face. The driver was located at the intersection of the three airflow paths. For example, the position of the driver was within the vortices from the left, front-right and rear of the road-header, respectively. The aforementioned airflows carried dust to the space around the driver through three path types including from the heading face, along the roadway floor left of the road-header, and by refluxing from the rear of the road-header. The dust concentration in front of the driver was observed to increase with a fluctuating growth trend. Also, the dust concentraion to the rear of the driver displayed stepped increases. Finally, the dust concentration which had refluxed from the rear of the driver was determined to be highest and was observed to be three times higher than the dust concentration which originated from the heading face. This study's simulation results were verified by the results of the field measurements. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Gas-particle two-phase flow model of an excavation face was established. • Dust distribution around road-header drivers in an excavation face was studied. • The driver was located at the intersection of the three airflow paths. • There was dust refluxing from the rear of the road-header. • Dust concentration refluxed from driver rear was determined to be highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that high dust concentrations are severely hazardous to health of miners and the safe operations of coal mines. The results of the suppressions of coal dust via chemical dust suppressant methods have been of critical significance, and these methods have been widely applied in coal mines. In this research study, a type of complex dust suppressant composed of surfactants, synergists, and cellulose was prepared. The prepared suppressant was characterized by a high wetting ability and adhesive capacity. The results of the performance tests of this study's proposed complex dust suppressant showed that its dust sedimentation time was only four seconds, which was observed to be much shorter than that of water alone. Also, the proposed suppressant displayed a viscosity which was 25 times that of water. In this study's field tests, the proposed complex dust suppressant was used for dust control in a mining roadway of the Zhangcun Coal Mine. The field test results revealed that the average suppression efficiencies of the total dust and respirable dust had reached 89.2% and 87.7%, respectively. Furthermore, a 44.5% increase in the control of the total dust had been observed, and a 65.6% increase in the control of the respirable dust had been achieved with the proposed method, when compared with the results of the previously used water curtain technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to complex geological deposition, post-deposition processes and limited site investigation data in engineering practice, soil properties are often spatially variable and the stratigraphic boundary in layered soils is generally characterized by uncertainty. The spatial variability of soil properties has been well investigated in past years, whereas the question of how the stratigraphic boundary uncertainty affects the slope stability remains unanswered. This paper attempts to investigate the effects of the stratigraphic boundary uncertainty on the system reliability and risk of a layered slope in spatially variable soils. In this paper, the spatial variability of soil properties is simulated by non-stationary random fields that are generated by an extended Cholesky decomposition technique, while the stochastic nature of the stratigraphic boundary location is simulated by a discrete random variable. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is suggested for evaluating the system failure probability and risk. Various comparisons between probabilistic analysis results obtained from considering and neglecting the stratigraphic boundary uncertainty have been made for different statistics of soil properties. Results show that the stratigraphic boundary uncertainty plays an important role in identifying the slope failure mechanism. Moreover, neglecting the stratigraphic boundary uncertainty would generally overestimate the slope failure risk for different statistics, except at small coefficients of variation of the friction angle, where the results are underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical autocorrelation functions (ACFs) are generally used to characterize the spatial variation of permeability due to the limited number of site investigation data. However, many theoretical ACFs are available in the literature, and there are difficulties in selecting a suitable ACF for general cases. This paper proposes using the random finite element method to investigate the effects of ACF on the seepage through an embankment. Five commonly used ACFs—the squared exponential (SQX), single exponential (SNX), second-order Markov (SMK), cosine exponential (CSX) and binary noise (BIN) ACFs in the literature—are compared systematically by a series of parametric studies to investigate their influences on the seepage flow problem. Both stationary and non-stationary random fields are considered in this study. The results show that the commonly used SQX and SNX ACFs may overestimate and underestimate the seepage flow rate, respectively. It is also known that the maximum exit gradient associated with the SNX ACF is larger than those obtained using the other four ACFs. Additionally, it is proved that the deterministic approach-based design is on the conservative side and tends to be too conservative when dealing with soils with greater variation in the properties. It is also found that the SQX ACF has a higher probability of providing a more conservative design in practice. Overall, the differences between different ACFs are not significant and are within acceptable ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfigurable devices with field-effect transistor features and neuromorphic behaviors are promising for enhancing data processing capability and reducing power consumption in next-generation semiconductor platforms. However, commonly used 2D materials for reconfigurable devices require additional modulation terminals and suffer from complex and stringent operating rules to obtain specific functionalities. Here, a p-type disordered tellurium oxide is introduced that realizes dual-mode reconfigurability as a logic transistor and a neuromorphic device. Due to the disordered film surface, the enhanced adsorption of oxygen molecules and laser-induced desorption concurrently regulate the carrier concentration in the channel. The device exhibits high-performance p-type characteristics with a field-effect hole mobility of 10.02 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and an I on /I off ratio exceeding 10 6 in the transistor mode. As a neuromorphic device, the vision system exhibits biomimetic bee vision, explicitly responding to the blue-to-ultraviolet light. Finally, in-sensor denoising and invisible image recognition in static and dynamic scenarios are achieved., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

As demand for higher integration density and smaller devices grows, silicon-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices will soon reach their ultimate limits. 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) semiconductors, known for excellent electrical performance and stable atomic structure, are seen as promising materials for future integrated circuits. However, controlled and reliable doping of 2D TMDs, a key step for creating homogeneous CMOS logic components, remains a challenge. In this study, a continuous electrical polarity modulation of monolayer WS 2 from intrinsic n-type to ambipolar, then to p-type, and ultimately to a quasi-metallic state is achieved simply by introducing controllable amounts of vanadium (V) atoms into the WS 2 lattice as p-type dopants during chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The achievement of purely p-type field-effect transistors (FETs) is particularly noteworthy based on the 4.7 at% V-doped monolayer WS 2 , demonstrating a remarkable on/off current ratio of 10 5 . Expanding on this triumph, the first initial prototype of ultrathin homogeneous CMOS inverters based on monolayer WS 2 is being constructed. These outcomes validate the feasibility of constructing homogeneous CMOS devices through the atomic doping process of 2D materials, marking a significant milestone for the future development of integrated circuits., (© 2024 The Author(s). Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. There are currently no effective interventions to slow down or prevent the occurrence and progression of AD. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been proven to be tightly linked to AD. This project attempted to identify hub genes for AD based on NETs. Gene expression profiles of the training set and validation set were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including non-demented (ND) controls and AD samples. NET-related genes (NETRGs) were collected from the literature. Differential analysis identified 21 AD differentially expressed NETRGs (AD-DE-NETRGs) majorly linked to functions such as defense response to bacterium as well as pathways including IL-17 signaling pathway, as evidenced by enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Minutia Cylinder-Code (MCC) algorithm, and molecular complex detection (MCODE) algorithm in the CytoHubba plug-in were employed to identify five hub genes (NFKBIA, SOCS3, CCL2, TIMP1, ACTB). Their diagnostic ability was validated in the validation set using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and gene differential expression analysis. A total of 16 miRNAs and 132 lncRNAs were predicted through the mirDIP and ENCORI databases, and a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Small molecular compounds such as Benzo(a)pyrene and Copper Sulfate were predicted to target hub genes using the CTD database. This project successfully identified five hub genes, which may serve as potential biomarkers for AD, proffering clues for new therapeutic targets.

Visuomorphic computing aims to simulate and potentially surpass the human retina by mimicking biological visual perception with an artificial retina. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in perceiving complex interactive environments. Negative photoconductivity transistors (NPTs) mimic synaptic behavior by achieving adjustable positive photoconductivity (PPC) and negative photoconductivity (NPC), simulating "excitation" and "inhibition" akin to sensory cell signals. In complex interactive environments, NPTs are desired for visuomorphic computing that can achieve a better sense of information, lower power consumption, and reduce hardware complexity. In this review, it is started by introducing the development process of NPTs, while placing a strong emphasis on the device structures, working mechanisms, and key performance parameters. The common material systems employed in NPTs based on their functions are then summarized. Moreover, it is proceeded to summarize the noteworthy applications of NPTs in optoelectronic devices, including advanced multibit nonvolatile memory, optoelectronic logic gates, optical encryption, and visual perception. Finally, the challenges and prospects that lie ahead in the ongoing development of NPTs are addressed, offering valuable insights into their applications in optoelectronics and a comprehensive understanding of their significance., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Inorganic semiconductors typically have limited p-type behavior due to the scarcity of holes and the localized valence band maximum, hindering the progress of complementary devices and circuits. In this work, we propose an inorganic blending strategy to activate the hole-transporting character in an inorganic semiconductor compound, namely tellurium-selenium-oxygen (TeSeO). By rationally combining intrinsic p-type semimetal, semiconductor, and wide-bandgap semiconductor into a single compound, the TeSeO system displays tunable bandgaps ranging from 0.7 to 2.2 eV. Wafer-scale ultrathin TeSeO films, which can be deposited at room temperature, display high hole field-effect mobility of 48.5 cm 2 /(Vs) and robust hole transport properties, facilitated by Te-Te (Se) portions and O-Te-O portions, respectively. The nanosphere lithography process is employed to create nanopatterned honeycomb TeSeO broadband photodetectors, demonstrating a high responsibility of 603 A/W, an ultrafast response of 5 μs, and superior mechanical flexibility. The p-type TeSeO system is highly adaptable, scalable, and reliable, which can address emerging technological needs that current semiconductor solutions may not fulfill., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Porous conductive elastomer composites are very attractive for designing flexible and air-permeable mechanical sensors for healthcare, while it is challenging to achieve a linear and sensitive electromechanical response over a wide strain range for high-resolution recording of physiological activities and body motions. Here, a scalable strategy is developed to construct porous elastomer composites with a bamboo-shaped heteromodulus microstructure in the pores for the fabrication of linear stretchable strain sensors. Such a spatial heteromodulus microstructure is fabricated via phase separation and selective location of high-modulus phase during melt compounding of elastomers and thermoplastics, together with green etching of the water-soluble plastic in the tricontinuous elastomer composites. The bamboo-shaped heteromodulus microstructure is constructed on the pore struts via the fracture of a high-modulus polymer self-assembled on the pore surface and relaxation recovery of the elastomer matrix after prestretching, which blocks the propagation of cut-through microcracks upon stretching. The composites with super low resistance after in situ growth of silver nanoparticles sustain up to 110% tensile strain with a linear and sensitive electromechanical response, demonstrating potential applications in discriminating respiration status and monitoring snoring breath. This work unveils a new approach to fabricate high-performance air-permeable strain sensors in a simple and scalable way.

We propose a simulation method for a multireflector terahertz imaging system. The description and verification of the method are based on an existing active bifocal terahertz imaging system at 0.22 THz. Using the phase conversion factor and angular spectrum propagation, the computation of the incident and received fields requires only a simple matrix operation. The phase angle is used to calculate the ray tracking direction, and the total optical path is used to calculate the scattering field of defective foams. Compared with the measurements and simulations of aluminum disks and defective foams, the validity of the simulation method is confirmed in the field of view of 50 cm × 90 cm at 8 m. This work aims to develop better imaging systems by predicting their imaging behavior for different targets before manufacturing.

Reconfigurable phototransistor memory attracts considerable attention for adaptive visuomorphic computing, with highly efficient sensing, memory, and processing functions integrated onto a single device. However, developing reconfigurable phototransistor memory remains a challenge due to the lack of an all-optically controlled transition between short-term plasticity (STP) and long-term plasticity (LTP). Herein, an air-stable Zr-CsPbI 3 perovskite nanocrystal (PNC)-based phototransistor memory is designed, which is capable of broadband photoresponses. Benefitting from the different electron capture ability of Zr-CsPbI 3 PNCs to 650 and 405 nm light, an artificial synapse and non-volatile memory can be created on-demand and quickly reconfigured within a single device for specific purposes. Owing to the optically reconfigurable and wavelength-aware operation between STP and LTP modes, the integrated blue feature extraction and target recognition can be demonstrated in a homogeneous neuromorphic vision sensor array. This work suggests a new way in developing perovskite optoelectronic transistors for highly efficient in-sensor computing., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

In recent years, CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have been considered as the most promising materials for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the advances of CsPbX 3 quantum dot-based light emitting diodes (QLEDs) still lagged behind inorganic III-V LEDs and other organic LEDs. Herein, a strategy to improve the performances of perovskite QLEDs is reported by utilizing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects of Au nanospheres (NSs). It is accomplished by introducing a Au NS layer into the electron transport layer of Ca 2+ -CsPbBr 3 QLEDs, where the diameter and spacing of Au NSs and the interaction distance between the Ca 2+ -CsPbBr 3 QD and Au NS layers are modulated, according to the theoretical simulation of Finite-difference time-domain. As a result, the photoluminescence quantum yield of Ca 2+ -CsPbBr 3 QD layer is improved from 31.5% to 73.3%. Finally, the luminance of Ca 2+ -CsPbBr 3 QLEDs is improved from 16824 to 63931 cd m -2 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) is improved from 4.2% to 10.5%. The radiative transition rate can be remarkably modulated from 0.7 × 10 7 to 6.6 × 10 7 s -1 . The enhancement in luminance and EQE are the best values in the LSPR modified perovskite QLEDs and the strategy offered in this work fits with other LEDs and optoelectrical devices., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Zero-dimensional (0D) crystal structure perovskite NCs have reemerged as promising materials owing to their superior long-term stability; however, their poor conductivity leads to the inferior electrical performances and critically restricts the optoelectronic application of 0D perovskite materials. Herien, the alloyed 0D crystal structure Cs 2 Zn x Pb 1- x Cl 4 nanorods (NRs) have been synthesized by the modified hot-injection method, which emits bright blue-violet light at 408 nm, and the optimized photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) reaches 26%. The Cs 2 Zn 0.88 Pb 0.12 Cl 4 NRs display more excellent air stability and an order of magnitude higher conductivity than CsPbCl 3 nanocube films. In addition, we dope Mn 2+ ions into the Cs 2 Zn 0.88 Pb 0.12 Cl 4 NRs, which accomplished the optimized PLQY of 40.3% and polarized emission with r = 0.19. The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on Mn 2+ ion doped Cs 2 Zn 0.88 Pb 0.12 Cl 4 NRs exhibit a chromaticity coordinate (CIE) of (0.36, 0.33), an EQE of 0.3%, and a maximum luminance of 98 cd m -2 . This work has enriched ideas for the production of white light perovskite LEDs.

The α-CsPbI 3 nanocrystals (NCs) easily transform into yellow non-perovskite, accompanying with declining photoelectric properties that restricting their practical applications in diverse fields. Herein, the highly luminescent and robust α-CsPbI 3 NCs is achieved through engineering the lattice symmetry of perovskite, enabled by the synergistic effect of NO 3 - ion passivation and Ca 2+ ion doping. The introduced NO 3 - ions enhance the phase-change energy barrier and the surface steric hindrance, thus promoting the formation of α-CsPbI 3 NCs with hyper-symmetric crystal structure, while the Ca 2+ ion doping contributes to improving their lattice symmetry by significant regulation of the tolerance factor. As a result, the obtained α-CsPbI 3 NCs display an outstanding photoluminescence quantum yield of 96.6%, together with the reduced defect state density and eminent conductivity. Most importantly, the as-engineered α-CsPbI 3 NCs exhibit excellent stability under ambient conditions for 9 months and UV illumination for 32 h. It displays brilliant thermal stability, maintaining luminous intensity for 15 min under 140 °C, and performing desired durability and reversibility, evidenced by 160 °C cyclic test and 120 °C reversibility test. Given enhanced robustness, the as-engineered α-CsPbI 3 NCs based light-emitting-diode devices are constructed, exhibiting a power efficiency of 105.3 lm W -1 and the excellent working stability for 18 h., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The mining technology of gob-side entry retaining without a coal pillar is gradually becoming a mature and increasingly important mining technology. As it maintains the roadway near goaf, the air leakage should be greater than a U-type ventilation system in goaf, so it is prone to cause coal spontaneous combustion problems. CO 2 is an inert gas, and it is usually used to prevent spontaneous combustion and extinguish coal fire. However, there is a lack of research on characteristics and safety of CO 2 for the mining technology of gob-side entry retaining without the coal pillar. In this paper, the indexes of influencing factors were proposed on gas, pipelines, and mining technical parameters. Using a three-dimensional physical model of coal stope, the gas migration law of CO 2 , the relationship between gas injection rate and the oxidation zone area, and the safety of the CO 2 inerting technology were analyzed. The results indicate that the O 2 concentration is diluted between the working face and the injection port, especially in the air intake side. Furthermore, the CO 2 injection rate is an important parameter to the fire prevention and extinguishing technology. When the gas injection rate ranges from 240 to 720 m 3 /h, the oxidation zone area varies from 7380 to 14 760 m 2 , and the gas injection rate grows exponentially with the area of the oxidation zone. Moreover, the redundant CO 2 gas flows to the retaining roadway, and it reduces the O 2 concentration, resulting in asphyxia accidents of miners. The research results are helpful to balance the relationship between inert gas injection and production safety and provide guidance for the practical application of the inert gas fire prevention technology., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

All inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) have been applied on light-emitting devices (LEDs) in recent years due to their excellent optical and optoelectronic properties. However, blue-light emitting perovskite QD LEDs (PQD-LEDs) exhibit poor performances compared with their green- and red-light emitting counterparts. Herein, we fabricated high performing blue-light emitting PQD-LEDs based on phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) modified CsPb(Cl/Br)3 QDs. Firstly, the PEA-CsPbCl3 QDs were synthesized by introducing certain amounts of PEACl in the conventional hot-injection synthesis process. The merit of our synthesis lies in the fact that not only the Cl vacancies of CsPbCl3 QDs are efficiently modified by introducing the PEACl precursor, but also the partial long-chain organic ligands (OLA) capping on the surface of CsPbCl3 QDs are simultaneously replaced by shorter PEACl chains. Consequently, the PEA-CsPbCl3 QDs emitting at 410 nm with a PLQY of 62.3% were achieved. Furthermore, to meet the requirement of display applications, we exchanged Cl- with Br- ions at room temperature to precisely control the blue emission in the 460-470 nm spectral region and with a maximum PLQY of 80.2% at 470 nm. Finally, the PQD-LEDs based on PEA-CsPb(Cl/Br)3 perovskite QDs emitting at 462, 465, 468 and 470 nm were fabricated. The PQD-LEDs exhibit a maximal EQE of 2.15% and luminance of 620 cd m-2, which provides the highest value of luminance for the PQD-LEDs in the blue spectral range that satisfies the requirement of practical display applications.

In recent years, significant advances have been achieved in the red and green perovskite quantum dot (PQD)-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the performances of the blue perovskite LEDs are still seriously lagging behind that of the green and red counterparts. Herein, we successfully developed Ni 2+ ion-doped CsPbCl x Br 3- x PQDs through the room-temperature supersaturated recrystallization synthetic approach. We simultaneously realized the doping of various concentrations of Ni 2+ cations and modulated the Cl/Br element ratios by introducing different amounts of NiCl 2 solution in the reaction medium. Using the synthetic method, not only the emission wavelength from 508 to 432 nm of Ni 2+ ion-doped CsPbCl x Br 3- x QDs was facially adjusted, but also the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of PQDs was greatly improved due to efficient removal of the defects of the PQDs. Thus, the blue emission at 470 nm with PLQY of 89% was achieved in 2.5% Ni 2+ ion-doped CsPbCl 0.99 Br 2.01 QDs, which increased nearly three times over that of undoped CsPbClBr 2 QDs and was the highest for the CsPbX 3 PQDs with blue emission, fulfilling the National Television System Committee standards. Benefiting from the highly luminous Ni 2+ ion-doped PQDs, the blue-emitting LED at 470 nm was obtained, exhibiting an external quantum efficiency of 2.4% and a maximum luminance of 612 cd/m 2 , which surpassed the best performance reported previously for the corresponding blue-emitting PQD-based LED.

All-inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have received considerable attention in optoelectronic applications owing to their excellent photoluminescence properties. However, low blue-violet fluorescence emission and instability limit their practical application. Herein, we propose to improve the optical properties of CsPbCl3 QDs by co-doping La3+ and F- ions. The co-doped perovskite QDs were successfully synthesized using the hot injection approach, and they exhibited bright blue-violet emission and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 36.5%, which is one order higher than that of undoped QDs. Enhanced photoluminescence performance compared to the initial CsPbCl3 QDs could be attributed to efficient modification of defects (Cl vacancy) and increased radiative recombination rate by the introduction of the dopants. Moreover, the as-prepared La3+ and F- ions co-doped CsPbCl3 QDs exhibited potential application for anti-counterfeiting.

The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of blue-violet emission of CsPbCl 3 quantum dots (QDs) is still low, which has limited their application in multi-colour displays. It is important to search for efficient perovskite phosphors within this wavelength range. In this work, we first considerably enhanced the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the CsPbCl 3 QDs from 3.2 to 10.3% by the introduction of potassium ions (K + ). Then, various lanthanide elements (La, Y, Eu, Lu) were further doped into K x Cs 1-x PbCl 3 QDs. The lanthanide doped K x Cs 1-x PbCl 3 QDs still demonstrated emissions around 408 nm and the PLQY was further improved to 31%. Finally, we carried out anion exchange by gradually substituting chlorine with bromine. Efficient and tunable emissions ranging from 408-495 nm were obtained, with a maximum PLQY of 90%. This work provides a new approach to improve the efficiency of the blue-violet light of perovskite QDs.

Inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted wide attention in display and solid-state lighting because of their easily tunable band-gaps and high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of green light emission. However, some drawbacks limit their practical applications, including the low PLQY of blue light emission and the instability in the moisture environment. In this work, efficient blue-light emitting CsPbBr 3 perovskite QDs with PLQY of 72% were developed through a bandgap engineering approach. The achieved blue-light emitting PLQY is much higher than the values acquired in the inorganic perovskite QDs in the literature. And the emission color of the as-prepared QDs can be facially tuned by only adjusting the reaction temperature. Further, the mono-dispersed perovskite QDs@SiO 2 composites were constructed benefiting from the low temperature synthesis. The optical performance of the QDs could be well persisted even in the moisture environment. Finally, the as-prepared QDs@SiO 2 composite was fabricated as the QD ink on the anti-counterfeit printing technology, from which the obtained pattern would emit varied color under UV lamp. And the as-prepared composites was also applied for fabricating WLED, with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.33, 0.38) and power efficiency of 32.5 lm W -1 , demonstrating their promising potentials in solid-state lighting.

Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), especially the fully inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, I) NCs, have been considered as promising candidates for lighting and display applications due to their narrow band emission, tunable band gap and high photoluminescence quantum yields (QYs). However, owing to the anion exchange in the CsPbX 3 NCs, stable multi-color and white light emissions are difficult to achieve, thus limiting their practical optoelectronic applications. In this work, dual ion Bi 3+ /Mn 2+ codoped CsPbCl 3 perovskite NCs were prepared through the hot injection method for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Through simply adjusting the doping ion concentrations, the codoped NCs exhibited tunable emissions spanning the wide range of correlated color temperature (CCT) from 19 000 K to 4250 K under UV excitation. This interesting spectroscopic behaviour benefits from efficient energy transfer from the perovskite NC host to the intrinsic energy levels of Bi 3+ or Mn 2+ doping ions. Finally, taking advantage of the cooperation between the excitonic transition of the CsPbCl 3 perovskite NC host and the intrinsic emissions from Bi 3+ and Mn 2+ ions, white light emission with the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.33, 0.29) was developed in the codoped CsPbCl 3 NCs.

Screening out the safety-related substances and establishing the corresponding standard has been a key research issue to improve the safety of traditional Chinese medicine injections(TCMIs). 5-HMF which widely exists in sugar-containing TCMIs has long been considered as an important safety-related substance. In this review, we summarizes the research progress on the toxicology of 5-HMF as well as the content and standards of 5-HMF in TCMIs.Therein, both literature summary and analysis results indicate that there are lack of toxicology researches of 5-HMF and its metabolites in TCMIs, although the potential toxicity of 5-HMF and its metabolites has been reported. Moreover, the content of 5-HMF largely varies from TCMIs to TCMIs, and even in the same TCMIs from different factories. To ensure the clinical efficacy of TCMIs, it urgent to carry out the study of the toxicology of 5-HMF in TCMIs comprehensively and systematically, so as to set up a relatively uniform standard as well as to develop process quality control method., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Histamine H(3) receptors inhibit the release of not only histamine itself, but also other neurotransmitters including dopamine. Previous papers have reported that histaminergic neurons inhibit psychostimulant-induced behavioral changes. To examine whether deficiency in histamine H(3) receptors influences psychostimulant-induced behavioral sensitization and reward, we examined locomotor activity, conditioned place preference (CPP), and c-Fos expression in histamine H(3) receptor-gene knockout mice (H3KO) and their wild-type (WT) counterparts before and after treatment with methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The increase in locomotion induced by treatment with METH or MDMA was lower in histamine H3KO mice than in WT mice, while the locomotor sensitization was developed by METH or MDMA in both strains. However, no significant difference in METH- and MDMA-induced preference scores of CPP between histamine H3KO mice and WT mice was observed. Following treatment with METH, the number of c-Fos-positive neurons in the the caudate-putamen of histamine H3KO mice was lower than that in the caudate-putamen of WT mice. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the number of the psychostimulant-induced c-Fos-positive cells in the nucleus accumbens between the two strains of mice. These findings suggest that deficiency in histamine H(3) receptors may have inhibitory effects on psychostimulant-induced increase in locomotion, but insignificant effects on the reward.