297 results on '"Schreiner, Monika"'
Search Results
252. Sustainable food protein supply reconciling human and ecosystem health: A Leibniz Position.
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Weindl, Isabelle, Ost, Mario, Wiedmer, Petra, Schreiner, Monika, Neugart, Susanne, Klopsch, Rebecca, Kühnhold, Holger, Kloas, Werner, Henkel, Ina M., Schlüter, Oliver, Bußler, Sara, Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko D., Ma, Hua, Grune, Tilman, Rolinski, Susanne, and Klaus, Susanne
- Abstract
Many global health risks are related to what and how much we eat. At the same time, the production of food, especially from animal origin, contributes to environmental change at a scale that threatens boundaries of a safe operating space for humanity. Here we outline viable solutions how to reconcile healthy protein consumption and sustainable protein production which requires a solid, interdisciplinary evidence base. We review the role of proteins for human and ecosystem health, including physiological effects of dietary proteins, production potentials from agricultural and aquaculture systems, environmental impacts of protein production, and mitigation potentials of transforming current production systems. Various protein sources from plant and animal origin, including insects and fish, are discussed in the light of their health and environmental implications. Integration of available knowledge is essential to move from a dual problem description ("healthy diets versus environment") towards approaches that frame the food challenge of reconciling human and ecosystem health in the context of planetary health. This endeavor requires a shifting focus from metrics at the level of macronutrients to whole diets and a better understanding of the full cascade of health effects caused by dietary proteins, including health risks from food-related environmental degradation. Image 1 • The Leibniz Position synthesizes evidence on healthy and sustainable protein supply. • Projected protein demand contests the safe operating space for food systems. • Animal proteins have a high biological value, but large environmental footprints. • The biological value of protein does not capture overall health effects of food. • Solving the protein dilemma requires multidisciplinary concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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253. Der Einfluss von UV-B Strahlung in Kombination mit blauem und rotem Licht auf die Biosynthese von Flavonoidglycosiden in unterschiedlichen Pflanzenarten.
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Weßler, Caspar Friedrich, Weiland1, Martin, Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie, Schreiner, Monika, Einfeldt, Sven, and Neugart, Susanne
- Published
- 2020
254. Importance of Antixenosis and Antibiosis Resistance to the Cabbage Whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella) in Brussels Sprout Cultivars.
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Hondelmann, Peter, Paul, Christina, Schreiner, Monika, and Meyhöfer, Rainer
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BRUSSELS sprouts ,CULTIVARS ,ANTIBIOSIS ,ALEYRODIDAE ,PEST control ,COLE crops ,CABBAGE - Abstract
The cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella (L.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an important pest of a wide range of vegetable Brassicas. Since the control of this pest is still challenging, new approaches such as the use of resistant cultivars are required. For this, we screened 16 commercialised Brussels sprout cultivars for resistance against this species. Antibiosis was tested with no-choice experiments in a climate chamber, using reproduction, mortality, longevity, developmental time and weight as parameters. Antixenosis was screened in three choice experiments with circular design in a greenhouse to detect cultivar preferences. A field trial with both antibiosis and antixenosis tests was done to verify results under natural conditions. Finally, for several cultivars, also the leaf glucosinolate concentrations were analysed. Cabbage whiteflies showed on certain cultivars significantly increased mortality, prolonged developmental times and reduced weights. Besides, some cultivars were significantly less infested. However, the incidence of antibiosis and antixenosis as well as the glucosinolate patterns were partly inconsistent. Although a number of moderately resistant cultivars could be identified, the detected resistance is certainly not strong and consistent enough as an exclusive measure of a plant protection strategy but might become a component of a multi-layered strategy against cabbage whiteflies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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255. Analyse von flüchtigen Glucosinolat-Abbauprodukten in der Atemluft nach dem Verzehr von Kapuzinerkresse.
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Kupke, Franziska, Tarnowski, Annekathrin, Rohn, Sascha, Baldermann, Susanne, Schreiner, Monika, Hanschen, Franziska S., Lamy, Evelyn, Hornemann, Silke, and Pfeiffer, Andreas
- Published
- 2018
256. A synchronized, large‐scale field experiment using Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the significance of the UV‐B photoreceptor UVR8 under natural conditions.
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Neugart, Susanne, Steininger, Viktoria, Fernandes, Catarina, Martínez‐Abaigar, Javier, Núñez‐Olivera, Encarnación, Schreiner, Monika, Strid, Åke, Viczián, András, Albert, Andreas, Badenes‐Pérez, Francisco R., Castagna, Antonella, Dáder, Beatriz, Fereres, Alberto, Gaberscik, Alenka, Gulyás, Ágnes, Gwynn‐Jones, Dylan, Nagy, Ferenc, Jones, Alan, Julkunen‐Tiitto, Riitta, and Konstantinova, Nataliia
- Abstract
This study determines the functional role of the plant ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B) photoreceptor, UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) under natural conditions using a large‐scale ‘synchronized‐genetic‐perturbation‐field‐experiment’. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated a role for UVR8 in UV‐B responses but do not reflect the complexity of outdoor conditions where ‘genotype × environment’ interactions can mask laboratory‐observed responses.
Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutant,uvr8‐7 , and the corresponding Wassilewskija wild type, were sown outdoors on the same date at 21 locations across Europe, ranging from 39°N to 67°N latitude. Growth and climatic data were monitored until bolting. At the onset of bolting, rosette size, dry weight, and phenolics and glucosinolates were quantified. Theuvr8‐7 mutant developed a larger rosette and contained less kaempferol glycosides, quercetin glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives than the wild type across all locations, demonstrating a role for UVR8 under field conditions. UV effects on rosette size and kaempferol glycoside content were UVR8 dependent, but independent of latitude. In contrast, differences between wild type anduvr8‐7 in total quercetin glycosides, and the quercetin‐to‐kaempferol ratio decreased with increasing latitude, that is, a more variable UV response. Thus, the large‐scale synchronized approach applied demonstrates a location‐dependent functional role of UVR8 under natural conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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257. Narrow-Banded UVB Affects the Stability of Secondary Plant Metabolites in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) and Pea (Pisum sativum) Leaves Being Added to Lentil Flour Fortified Bread: A Novel Approach for Producing Functional Foods.
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Klopsch, Rebecca, Baldermann, Susanne, Voss, Alexander, Rohn, Sascha, Schreiner, Monika, and Neugart, Susanne
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FUNCTIONAL foods ,COLE crops ,PLANT metabolites ,METABOLITES ,PEAS ,KALE ,LENTILS - Abstract
Young kale and pea leaves are rich in secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) whose profile can be affected by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Carotenoids and flavonoids in kale and pea exposed to narrow-banded UVB, produced by innovative light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and subsequently used for breadmaking were investigated for the first time, thus combining two important strategies to increase the SPMs intake. Breads were also fortified with protein-rich lentil flour. Antioxidant activity in the 'vegetable breads' indicated health-promoting effects. Lentil flour increased the antioxidant activity in all of the 'vegetable breads'. While carotenoids and chlorophylls showed a minor response to UVB treatment, kaempferol glycosides decreased in favor of increasing quercetin glycosides, especially in kale. Additionally, breadmaking caused major decreases in carotenoids and a conversion of chlorophyll to bioactive degradation products. In 'kale breads' and 'pea breads', 20% and 84% of flavonoid glycosides were recovered. Thus, kale and pea leaves seem to be suitable natural ingredients for producing innovative Functional Foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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258. Identification of N-Acetyl-S-(3-Cyano-2-(Methylsulfanyl)Propyl-Cysteine as a Major Human Urine Metabolite from the Epithionitrile 1-Cyano-2,3-Epithiopropane, the Main Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Product from Cabbage.
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Hanschen, Franziska S., Baldermann, Susanne, Brobrowski, Adrian, Maikath, Andrea, Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie, Rohn, Sascha, and Schreiner, Monika
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Brassica vegetables such as cabbage or pak choi contain alkenyl glucosinolates which can release epithionitriles and to a lesser degree isothiocyanates upon enzymatic hydrolysis. Here, for the first time, the metabolism of an epithionitrile was investigated in humans, namely 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane (CETP). After consumption of Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba and Brassica carinata sprouts, the main urinary metabolite of CETP was identified as N-acetyl-S-(3-cyano-2-(methylsulfanyl)propyl-cysteine using an UHPLC-ESI-QToF-MS approach and synthesis of the metabolite. This urinary epithionitrile metabolite is an S-methylated mercapturic acid. No other metabolites were detected. Then, in a preliminary pilot experiment the excretion kinetics of CETP were investigated in three volunteers. After consumption of a B. carinata sprout preparation containing 50.8 µmol of CETP, urinary N-acetyl-S-(3-cyano-2-(methylsulfanyl)propyl-cysteine concentrations were the highest three hours after consumption, ranging from 23.9 to 37.2 µM, and declined thereafter. Thus, epithionitriles are bioavailable compounds that are metabolized similarly to isothiocyanates by the mercapturic acid pathway. In the future, more epithionitrile metabolites should be identified and the pharmacokinetics of these important class of dietary compounds should be assessed in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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259. Amaranth's 2-Caffeoylisocitric Acid—An Anti-Inflammatory Caffeic Acid Derivative That Impairs NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Challenged RAW 264.7 Macrophages.
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Neugart, Susanne, Schreiner, Monika, Schröter, David, Ott, Christiane, Grune, Tilman, and Rohn, Sascha
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For centuries, Amaranthus sp. were used as food, ornamentals, and medication. Molecular mechanisms, explaining the health beneficial properties of amaranth, are not yet understood, but have been attributed to secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds. One of the most abundant phenolic compounds in amaranth leaves is 2-caffeoylisocitric acid (C-IA) and regarding food occurrence, C-IA is exclusively found in various amaranth species. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of C-IA, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in LPS-challenged macrophages (RAW 264.7) has been investigated and cellular contents of the caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) were quantified in the cells and media. The CADs were quantified in the cell lysates in nanomolar concentrations, indicating a cellular uptake. Treatment of LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 cells with 10 µM of CADs counteracted the LPS effects and led to significantly lower mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6, by directly decreasing the translocation of the nuclear factor κB/Rel-like containing protein 65 into the nucleus. This work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that attribute to amaranth's anti-inflammatory properties and highlights C-IA's potential as a health-beneficial compound for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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260. Diverse Excretion Pathways of Benzyl Glucosinolate in Humans after Consumption of Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.)—A Pilot Study.
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Kühn, Carla, Kupke, Franziska, Baldermann, Susanne, Klopsch, Rebecca, Lamy, Evelyn, Hornemann, Silke, Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H., Schreiner, Monika, Hanschen, Franziska S., and Rohn, Sascha
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- 2018
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261. African Nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.): Impact of Cultivation and Plant Processing on Its Health Promoting Potential as Determined in a Human Liver Cell Model.
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Odongo, Grace Akinyi, Schlotz, Nina, Baldermann, Susanne, Neugart, Susanne, Huyskens-Keil, Susanne, Ngwene, Benard, Trierweiler, Bernhard, Schreiner, Monika, and Lamy, Evelyn
- Abstract
Plant cultivation and processing may impact nutrient and phytochemical content of vegetables. The present study aimed at determining the influence of cultivation and processing on the health promoting capacity of African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) leaves, an indigenous vegetable, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Anti-genotoxicity against the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB
1 ) as determined by the comet assay and radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated in human derived liver (HepG2) cells. ROS scavenging activity was assessed using electron paramagnetic spin resonance and quantification of ARE/Nrf2 mediated gene expression. The cultivation was done under different environmental conditions. The processing included fermentation and cooking; postharvest ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) treatment was also investigated. Overall, S. scabrum extracts showed strong health promoting potential, the highest potential was observed with the fermented extract, which showed a 60% reduction of AFB1 induced DNA damage and a 38% reduction in FeSO4 induced oxidative stress. The content of total polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls was indeed affected by cultivation and processing. Based on the present in vitro findings consumption of S. scabrum leaves could be further encouraged, preferentially after cooking or fermentation of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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262. Caffeoylisocitric acid – gut microbial degradation of phenolic acids present in amaranth.
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Vollmer, Maren, Esders, Selma, Neugart, Susanne, Maul, Ronald, Rohn, Sascha, Schröter, David, Schreiner, Monika, Farquharson, Freda M., Duncan, Sylvia H., and Louis, Petra
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PHENOLIC acids ,MICROORGANISMS - Abstract
The article focuses on the caffeoylisocitric acid and phenolic acid present in amaranth during the degradation of microbes in the gut.
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- 2018
263. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a root pathogen induce different volatiles emitted by Medicago truncatula roots.
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Dreher, Dorothée, Baldermann, Susanne, Schreiner, Monika, and Hause, Bettina
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VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas , *MEDICAGO truncatula , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *VOLATILE organic compounds , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *LIMONENE , *SESQUITERPENES - Abstract
Using non-targeted metabolite profiling, we show that Medicago truncatula roots grown in an aeroponic cultivation system emit specific volatiles in response to two soil-born microorganisms, the symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis and the pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. • Medicago roots emit volatiles as an early response to microorganisms (MOs). • More than 90 compounds were released from roots as detected by untargeted GC–MS. • Principal component analyses clearly distinguished untreated roots from treated roots. • Several volatiles were found to be emitted specifically in response to symbiotic or pathogenic MOs. • Plants discriminate between friend and foe at very early stages of their interaction. Plants are in permanent contact with various microorganisms and are always impacted by them. To better understand the first steps of a plant's recognition of soil-borne microorganisms, the early release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from roots of Medicago truncatula in response to the symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis or the pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches was analysed. More than 90 compounds were released from roots as detected by an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry approach. Principal component analyses clearly distinguished untreated roots from roots treated with either R. irregularis or A. euteiches. Several VOCs were found to be emitted specifically in response to each of the microorganisms. Limonene was specifically emitted from wild-type roots after contact with R. irregularis spores but not from roots of the mycorrhiza-deficient mutant does not make infections3. The application of limonene to mycorrhizal roots, however, did not affect the mycorrhization rate. Inoculation of roots with A. euteiches zoospores resulted in the specific emission of several sesquiterpenes, such as nerolidol, viridiflorol and nerolidol-epoxyacetate but application of nerolidol to zoospores of A. euteiches did not affect their vitality. Therefore, plants discriminate between different microorganisms at early stages of their interaction and respond differently to the level of root-emitted volatiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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264. Improving dietary glucosinolate production, processing and characterization of potential health effects for the prevention of colon cancer.
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Mewis, Inga, Glatt, Hansruedi, Brigelius-Flohe, Regina, Blaut, Michael, Rohn, Sascha, Kroh, Lothar, Knorr, Dietrich, Wiesner, Melanie, and Schreiner, Monika
- Subjects
COLON cancer ,BIOSYNTHESIS ,GLUCOSINOLATES ,PLANT metabolites ,POLYSACCHARIDES - Abstract
The joint interdisciplinary BMBF-funded project focused on the identification of factors influencing the biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GS) in plants, on the design and optimization of food processing procedures stabilizing GS, and on the characterization of mechanisms underlying the molecular effects of GS and their metabolites in cellular systems and animal models. Results on the crops plants Brassica italica (broccoli) and Brassica chinensis (pak-choi) provide new insights in nutrition-based strategies for an effective prevention of colon cancer. GS are the characteristic secondary plant metabolites in the order Brassicales. After tissue damage the GS come in contact with the enzyme myrosinase and the hydrolysis products are released with the actual biological activities. UV-B and methyl jasmonate elicited expression of CYP450 monooxygenases belonging to the CYP79 and CYP83 gene family and especially methylthioalkyl or indole GS accumulated in broccoli and pak-choi sprouts respectively. Differently treated sprouts with resulting distinct GS profile were mixed in diets and used in in vitro and in vivo studies. The bioactivity of GS in control and elicited broccoli (glucoraphanin: GRA) and pak-choi (neoglucobrassicin: nGBS) sprouts was investigated in a model of inflammationtriggered colon carcinogenesis. Both, colitis and tumor number, were drastically reduced after feeding the GS-rich pak-choi diet while the other three diets had no effect. Levels of 1-methoxyindolyl-3-methyl-histidine adducts derived from neoglucobrassicin were highest in the GS-rich pak choi group and were absent in germ-free mices. In the colon, the GS-rich broccoli and the GS-rich pak-choi diet upregulated the expression of different sets of typical Nrf2 target genes. In regard to food processing, GS have been found to be temperature dependent, whereby this effect was promoted by alkaline conditions. Thereby nitriles as hydrolysis products were dominantly produced and only little amounts of isothiocyanates. Huge quantities of GS can be mined from plant material after myrosinase inactivation by steaming and processing in a decanter centrifuge by using 50% ethanol. Overall the results revealed protective and advers effects of GS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
265. Reactivity and Stability of Glucosinolates and Their Breakdown Products in Foods.
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Hanschen, Franziska S., Lamy, Evelyn, Schreiner, Monika, and Rohn, Sascha
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- 2015
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266. Natural diversity of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoid glycosides, carotenoids and chlorophylls in leaves of six different amaranth species.
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Schröter, David, Baldermann, Susanne, Schreiner, Monika, Witzel, Katja, Maul, Ronald, Rohn, Sascha, and Neugart, Susanne
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AMARANTHS , *HYDROXYCINNAMIC acids , *FLAVONOID glycosides , *CAROTENOIDS , *CAFFEIC acid derivatives - Abstract
Amaranth species are globally grown food crops. However, knowledge about the composition of their secondary metabolites is insufficient. Here, selected hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoid glycosides, carotenoids and chlorophylls in the leaves of 14 genotypes from six different amaranth species were identified and quantified. For the first time, caffeic acid esters of isocitric and several aldaric acids were isolated and quantified in a leafy food matrix. High concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and chlorophylls, and moderate amounts of flavonoids and carotenoids were detected. A hierarchical clustering method of the metabolic profiles followed by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR fingerprinting was used to group the genotypes. Using this combined approach, three main groups of amaranth species were assigned. The information provided in this study increases the attractiveness of the amaranth genus as a food crop due to its strong diversity of plant secondary metabolites that are associated with numerous health-promoting benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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267. A comparison of consistent UV treatment versus inconsistent UV treatment in horticultural production of lettuce.
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Weiland, Martin, Weßler, Caspar Friedrich, Filler, Thomas, Glaab, Johannes, Lobo Ploch, Neysha, Winterwerber, Ulrike, Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie, Schreiner, Monika, and Neugart, Susanne
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FLAVONOL glycosides , *AGRICULTURE , *LIGHT sources , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation , *FLAVONOID glycosides , *LETTUCE , *ANTHOCYANINS - Abstract
UV radiation is an underrated radiation currently missing in many horticultural production systems of vegetables in protected cultivation. It can be added e.g., in LED light sources. Using lettuce as a model plant, this study determined whether the use of UVB LEDs is suitable (1) for use in consistent systems (indoor farming) or (2) inconsistent systems (greenhouse). Blue and red LEDs were selected as additional artificial lighting to UVB LEDs. Both approaches led to a reproducible increase of desired flavonol glycosides, such as quercetin-3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-glucoside or quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-glucoside in lettuce. The impact of the consistent UVB treatment is higher with up to tenfold changes than that of the inconsistent UVB treatment in the greenhouse. Varying natural light and temperature conditions in greenhouses might affect the efficiency of the artificial UVB treatment. Here, UVB LEDs have been tested and can be recommended for further development of lighting systems in indoor farming and greenhouse approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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268. Different Narrow-Band Light Ranges Alter Plant Secondary Metabolism and Plant Defense Response to Aphids.
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Rechner, Ole, Neugart, Susanne, Schreiner, Monika, Wu, Sasa, and Poehling, Hans-Michael
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EFFECT of light on plants , *WAVELENGTHS , *PLANT metabolism , *PLANT defenses , *APHIDS - Abstract
Light of different wavelengths affects various physiological processes in plants. Short-wavelength radiation (like UV) can activate defense pathways in plants and enhance the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (such as flavonoids and glucosinolates) responsible for resistance against certain herbivorous insects. The intensity of light-induced, metabolite-based resistance is plant- and insect species-specific and depends on herbivore feeding guild and specialization. In this study, broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica) plants were grown for 4 weeks in a climate chamber under conventional fluorescent tubes and were additionally treated with UV-B (310 nm), UV-A (365 or 385 nm), or violet (420 nm) light generated with UV-B tubes or light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The objective was to determine the influence of narrow bandwidths of light (from UV-B to violet) on plant secondary metabolism and on the performance of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (a specialist) and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (a generalist). Among flavonol glycosides, specific quercetin and kaempferol glycosides increased markedly under UV-B, while among glucosinolates only 4-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl showed a 2-fold increase in plants exposed to UV-B and UV-A. The concentration of 3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate in broccoli plants increased with UV-B treatment. Brevicoryne brassicae adult weights and fecundity were lower on UV-B treated plants compared to UV-A or violet light-treated plants. Adult weights and fecundity of M. persicae were increased under UV-B and UV-A treatments. When specific light wavelengths are used to induce metabolic changes in plants, the specificity of the induced effects on herbivores should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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269. Feeding Brassica vegetables to rats leads to the formation of characteristic DNA adducts (from 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate) in many tissues.
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Glatt, Hansruedi, Engst, Wolfram, Florian, Simone, Schreiner, Monika, and Baasanjav-Gerber, Chimgee
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DNA adducts , *BACTERIAL DNA , *BRASSICA , *PLANT enzymes , *VEGETABLES , *GASTROINTESTINAL system , *LUNGS - Abstract
Juices of Brassica vegetables are mutagenic and form characteristic DNA adducts in bacteria and mammalian cells. In this study, we examined whether such adducts are also formed in vivo in animal models. Rats fed raw broccoli ad libitum in addition to normal laboratory chow for 5 weeks showed one major adduct spot and sometimes an additional minor adduct spot in liver, kidney, lung, blood and the gastrointestinal tract, as determined by 32P-postlabelling/thin-layer chromatography. Adducts with the same chromatographic properties were formed when herring sperm DNA (or dG-3'-phosphate) was incubated with 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate (phytochemical present in Brassica plants), in the presence of myrosinase (plant enzyme that hydrolyses glucosinolates to bioactive breakdown products). UPLC–MS/MS analysis corroborated this finding: 1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl-substituted purine nucleosides were detected in the hepatic DNA of broccoli-fed animals, but not in control animals. Feeding raw cauliflower led to the formation of the same adducts. When steamed rather than raw broccoli was used, the adduct levels were essentially unchanged in liver and jejunum, but elevated in large intestine. Due to inactivation of myrosinase by the steaming, higher levels of the glucosinolates may have reached the large bowl to be activated by glucosidases from intestinal bacteria. In conclusion, the consumption of common Brassica vegetables can lead to the formation of substantial levels of DNA adducts in animal models. The adducts can be attributed to a specific phytochemical, neoglucobrassicin (1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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270. Ultraviolet-B radiation exposure lowers the antioxidant capacity in the Arabidopsis thaliana pdx1.3-1 mutant and leads to glucosinolate biosynthesis alteration in both wild type and mutant.
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Neugart, Susanne, Hideg, Éva, Czégény, Gyula, Schreiner, Monika, and Strid, Åke
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OXIDANT status , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation , *ARABIDOPSIS thaliana , *BIOSYNTHESIS , *RADIATION exposure , *PHOTOSYSTEMS - Abstract
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and its vitamers are used by living organisms both as enzymatic cofactors and as antioxidants. We used Arabidopsis pyridoxine biosynthesis mutant pdx1.3-1 to study the involvement of the PLP-synthase main polypeptide PDX1 in plant responses to ultraviolet radiation of two different qualities, one containing primarily UV-A (315–400 nm) and the other containing both UV-A and UV-B (280–315 nm). The antioxidant capacity and the flavonoid and glucosinolate (GS) profiles were examined. As an indicator of stress, Fv/Fm of photosystem II reaction centers was used. In pdx1.3-1, UV-A + B exposure led to a significant 5% decrease in Fv/Fm on the last day (day 15), indicating mild stress at this time point. The antioxidant capacity of Col-0 wildtype increased significantly (50–73%) after 1 and 3 days of UV-A + B. Instead, in pdx1.3-1, the antioxidant capacity significantly decreased by 44–52% over the same time period, proving the importance of a full complement of functional PDX1 genes for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. There were no significant changes in the flavonoid glycoside profile under any light condition. However, the GS profile was significantly altered, both with respect to Arabidopsis accession and exposure to UV. The difference in flavonoid and GS profiles reflects that the GS biosynthesis pathway contains at least one pyridoxine-dependent enzyme, whereas no such enzyme is used in flavonoid biosynthesis. Also, there was strong correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the content of some GS compounds. Our results show that vitamin B6 vitamers, functioning both as antioxidants and co-factors, are of importance for the physiological fitness of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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271. 1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl DNA adducts in six tissues, and blood protein adducts, in mice under pak choi diet: time course and persistence.
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Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie, Barknowitz, Gitte, Florian, Simone, Mewis, Inga, Schumacher, Fabian, Schreiner, Monika, and Glatt, Hansruedi
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DNA adducts , *BOK choy , *BLOOD proteins , *CHEMICAL adducts , *ANIMAL nutrition , *SERUM albumin - Abstract
We previously showed that purified 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl (1-MIM) glucosinolate, a secondary plant metabolite in Brassica species, is mutagenic in various in vitro systems and forms DNA and protein adducts in mouse models. In the present study, we administered 1-MIM glucosinolate in a natural matrix to mice, by feeding a diet containing pak choi powder and extract. Groups of animals were killed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 days of pak choi diet, directly or, in the case of the 8-day treatment, after 0, 8 and 16 days of recovery with pak choi-free diet. DNA adducts [N2-(1-MIM)-dG, N6-(1-MIM)-dA] in six tissues, as well as protein adducts [τN-(1-MIM)-His] in serum albumin (SA) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined using UPLC–MS/MS with isotopically labeled internal standards. None of the samples from the 12 control animals under standard diet contained any 1-MIM adducts. All groups receiving pak choi diet showed DNA adducts in all six tissues (exception: lung of mice treated for a single day) as well as SA and Hb adducts. During the feeding period, all adduct levels continuously increased until day 8 (in the jejunum until day 4). During the 14-day recovery period, N2-(1-MIM)-dG in liver, kidney, lung, jejunum, cecum and colon decreased to 52, 41, 59, 11, 7 and 2%, respectively, of the peak level. The time course of N6-(1-MIM)-dA was similar. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that cell turnover is a major mechanism of DNA adduct elimination in the intestine. In the same recovery period, protein adducts decreased more rapidly in SA than in Hb, to 0.7 and 37%, respectively, of the peak level, consistent with the differential turnover of these proteins. In conclusion, the pak choi diet lead to the formation of high levels of adducts in mice. Cell and protein turnover was a major mechanism of adduct elimination, at least in gut and blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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272. Brassica vegetables as sources of epithionitriles: Novel secondary products formed during cooking.
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Hanschen, Franziska S., Kaufmann, Martin, Kupke, Franziska, Hackl, Thomas, Kroh, Lothar W., Rohn, Sascha, and Schreiner, Monika
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NITRILES , *BIOACTIVE compounds , *ISOTHIOCYANATES , *BRASSICA , *CANCER treatment , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
The epithionitriles, 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane, in particular, and 1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane, are important, but yet underestimated glucosinolate hydrolysis products that are released instead of the cancer preventative isothiocyanates in Brassica vegetables, such as cabbage, broccoli, or pak choi. Here, we characterized the reactivity of 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane under aqueous heat treatment conditions and compared our findings to those of the related epithionitriles 1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane and 1-cyano-4,5-epithiopentane. In contrast to the other epithionitriles, 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane is highly reactive. As a result, 2-aminothiophene and dimeric 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diacetonitrile were identified as main products and a reaction mechanism is proposed. Formation of 2-aminothiophene was also observed in cooked white cabbage samples. Moreover, three novel compounds were identified as derivatives of the related epithionitriles. The results imply that apart from isothiocyanates, process-derived compounds should be considered in regards to cancer preventative Brassica vegetable related bioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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273. Identification and characterization of pesticide metabolites in Brassica species by liquid chromatography travelling wave ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TWIMS-QTOF-MS).
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Bauer, Anna, Luetjohann, Jens, Kuballa, Jürgen, Jantzen, Eckard, Hanschen, Franziska S., Schreiner, Monika, and Rohn, Sascha
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- *
BRASSICA , *BIODEGRADATION , *PESTICIDE analysis , *LIQUID chromatography , *TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry - Abstract
A new mass spectrometric method for evaluating metabolite formation of the pesticides thiacloprid, azoxystrobin, and difenoconazole was developed for the Brassica species pak choi and broccoli. Both, distribution and transformation kinetics of the active compounds and their metabolites were analyzed by UPLC-TWIMS-QTOF-MS. Additionally, HR-MS analysis and structure elucidation tools such as diagnostic ions, isotopic matches, and collision cross sections were applied for metabolites identification. Following the application of two plant protection products (containing the above-mentioned active compounds) in a greenhouse study plant material was cryo-milled and extracted with water/methanol. The residual levels of active compounds were identified at certain timepoints during pre-harvest intervals and in the final products. Different phase I and phase II metabolites of the pesticides were identified in different plant organs such as leaves, stems, (broccoli) heads, and roots. Three individual degradation pathways and distribution profiles are suggested including eight thiacloprid, eleven azoxystrobin and three difenoconazole metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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274. Arabidopsis thaliana root and root exudate metabolism is altered by the growth-promoting bacterium Kosakonia radicincitans DSM 16656.
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Witzel, Katja, Strehmel, Nadine, Baldermann, Susanne, Neugart, Susanne, Becker, Yvonne, Becker, Matthias, Berger, Beatrice, Scheel, Dierk, Grosch, Rita, Schreiner, Monika, and Ruppel, Silke
- Subjects
- *
ARABIDOPSIS , *PLANT growth , *BACTERIAL growth , *PLANT genetics , *PHENYLPROPANOIDS - Abstract
Aims: Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) affect host physiological processes in various ways. This study aims at elucidating the dependence of bacterial-induced growth promotion on the plant genotype and characterizing plant metabolic adaptations to PGPB. Methods: Eighteen Arabidopsis thaliana accessions were inoculated with the PGPB strain Kosakonia radicincitans DSM 16656. Colonisation pattern was assessed by enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-tagged K. radicincitans in three A. thaliana accessions differing in their growth response. Metabolic impact of bacterial colonisation was determined for the best responding accession by profiling distinct classes of plant secondary metabolites and root exudates. Results: Inoculation of 18 A. thaliana accessions resulted in a wide range of growth responses, from repression to enhancement. Testing the bacterial colonisation of three accessions did not reveal a differential pattern. Profiling of plant secondary metabolites showed a differential accumulation of glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids and carotenoids in roots. Analysis of root exudates demonstrated that primary and secondary metabolites were predominantly differentially depleted by bacterial inoculation. Conclusions: The plant genotype controls the bacterial growth promoting traits. Levels of lutein and β-carotene were elevated in inoculated roots. Supplementing a bacterial suspension with β-carotene increased bacterial growth, while this was not the case when lutein was applied, indicating that β-carotene could be a positive regulator of plant growth promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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275. Rhizosecretion of stele-synthesized glucosinolates and their catabolites requires GTR-mediated import in Arabidopsis.
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Xu, Deyang, Nintemann, Sebastian J., Nour-Eldin, Hussam Hassan, Halkier, Barbara Ann, Hanschen, Franziska S., Schreiner, Monika, and Witzel, Katja
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- *
RHIZOSPHERE , *GLUCOSINOLATES , *STELE (Botany) , *ARABIDOPSIS , *EXUDATION (Botany) , *TRANSCYTOSIS - Abstract
Casparian strip-generated apoplastic barriers not only control the radial flow of both water and ions but may also constitute a hindrance for the rhizosecretion of stele-synthesized phytochemicals. Here, we establish root-synthesized glucosinolates (GLS) are in Arabidopsis as a model to study the transport routes of plant-derived metabolites from the site of synthesis to the rhizosphere. Analysing the expression of GLS synthetic genes in the root indicate that the stele is the major site for the synthesis of aliphatic GLS, whereas indole GLS can be synthesized in both the stele and the cortex. Sampling root exudates from the wild type and the double mutant of the GLS importers GTR1 and GTR2 show that GTR-mediated retention of stele-synthesized GLS is a prerequisite for the exudation of both intact GLS and their catabolites into the rhizosphere. The expression of the GTRs inside the stele, combined with the previous observation that GLS are exported from biosynthetic cells, suggest three possible routes of stele-synthesized aliphatic GLS after their synthesis: (i) GTR-dependent import to cells symplastically connected to the cortical cells and the rhizosphere; (ii) GTR-independent transport via the xylem to the shoot; and (iii) GTR-dependent import to GLS-degrading myrosin cells at the cortex. The study suggests a previously undiscovered role of the import process in the rhizosecretion of root-synthesized phytochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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276. Effects of light-emitting diode treatments on Brevicoryne brassicae performance mediated by secondary metabolites in Brussels sprouts.
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Acharya, Jeewan, Rechner, Ole, Neugart, Susanne, Schreiner, Monika, and Poehling, Hans-Michael
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LIGHT emitting diodes , *CABBAGE aphid , *PLANT metabolites - Abstract
Although short-wavelength light and especially UV radiation can induce resistance in plants against herbivorous insects, the optimal wavelengths, light intensities (photon flux rates), and illumination schedules for inducing resistance have not been previously determined. Light-emitting diode (LED) illumination enables researchers to subject insects and plants to narrow-banded light treatments. In this study, we assessed how the metabolite-based defense response in Brussels sprout plants ( Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) against the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was affected by the following LED-generated wavelengths of light: 300 nm (UV-B), 365 nm (UV-A), 470 nm (blue light), and 660 nm (red light). Ambient greenhouse light supplemented with light from sodium vapor lamps served as the control treatment. The results showed a significant reduction in B. brassicae performance in the UV-A treatment compared to the blue light treatment; the reduction in the UV-A treatment was accompanied by a significant increase in glucosinolate concentrations. The UV-B treatment induced significant changes in plant flavonoid concentrations but did not affect B. brassicae performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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277. Nitrogen split dose fertilization, plant age and frost effects on phytochemical content and sensory properties of curly kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica).
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Groenbaek, Marie, Jensen, Sidsel, Neugart, Susanne, Schreiner, Monika, Kidmose, Ulla, and Kristensen, Hanne L.
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- *
COLE crops , *TASTE testing of food , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *GLUCOSINOLATES , *HYDROXYCINNAMIC acids , *AGE of plants , *FLAVONOIDS - Abstract
We investigated how concentrations of sensory relevant compounds: glucosinolates (GLSs), flavonoid glycosides, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and sugars in kale responded to split dose and reduced nitrogen (N) fertilization, plant age and controlled frost exposure. In addition, frost effects on sensory properties combined with N supply were assessed. Seventeen week old kale plants showed decreased aliphatic GLSs at split dose N fertilization; whereas reduced N increased aliphatic and total GLSs. Ontogenetic effects were demonstrated for all compounds: sugars, aliphatic and total GLSs increased throughout plant development, whereas kaempferol and total flavonoid glycosides showed higher concentrations in 13 week old plants. Controlled frost exposure altered sugar composition slightly, but not GLSs or flavonoid glycosides. Reduced N supply resulted in less bitterness, astringency and pungent aroma, whereas frost exposure mainly influenced aroma and texture. N treatment explained most of the sensory variation. Producers should not rely on frost only to obtain altered sensory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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278. The Life with Corona survey.
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Stojetz, Wolfgang, Ferguson, Neil T.N., Baliki, Ghassan, Díaz, Oscar, Elfes, Jan, Esenaliev, Damir, Freudenreich, Hanna, Koebach, Anke, Abreu, Liliana, Peitz, Laura, Todua, Ani, Schreiner, Monika, Hoeffler, Anke, Justino, Patrícia, and Brück, Tilman
- Subjects
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EXPERIENCE , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *ATTITUDES toward illness , *SURVEYS , *HEALTH behavior , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis affecting everyone. Yet, its challenges and countermeasures vary significantly over time and space. Individual experiences of the pandemic are highly heterogeneous and its impacts span and interlink multiple dimensions, such as health, economic, social and political impacts. Therefore, there is a need to disaggregate "the pandemic": analysing experiences, behaviours and impacts at the micro level and from multiple disciplinary perspectives. Such analyses require multi-topic pan-national survey data that are collected continuously and can be matched with other datasets, such as disease statistics or information on countermeasures. To this end, we introduce a new dataset that matches these desirable properties - the Life with Corona (LwC) survey - and perform illustrative analyses to show the importance of such micro data to understand how the pandemic and its countermeasures shape lives and societies over time. • New Life with Corona survey collects data across domains, time and SARS-CoV-2 rates. • Analysis of data reveals multidimensional challenges and inequalities in the pandemic. • The LwC survey also helps to grasp the societal impacts created by countermeasures. • Results show need for joined-up thinking in how impacts of the pandemic are analyzed. • Results show need for data structured in a way that supports this joined-up thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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279. Topsoil drying combined with increased sulfur supply leads to enhanced aliphatic glucosinolates in Brassica juncea leaves and roots.
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Tong, Yu, Gabriel-Neumann, Elke, Ngwene, Benard, Krumbein, Angelika, George, Eckhard, Platz, Stefanie, Rohn, Sascha, and Schreiner, Monika
- Subjects
- *
TOPSOIL , *SOIL drying , *GLUCOSINOLATES , *ABSCISIC acid , *SULFUR content of plants , *PLANT biomass , *BRASSICA juncea - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Topsoil drying distinctly increased the predominant aliphatic glucosinolate. [•] Abscisic acid concentration was significantly increased by topsoil drying. [•] Leaf biomass of Brassica juncea was not affected by topsoil drying. [•] Aromatic and indole glucosinolates were less involved in drought stress response. [•] High S supply modified glucosinolate formation in response to topsoil drying. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
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280. The hydroxycinnamic acid content of barley and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) and the potential to incorporate phenolic extracts of BSG as antioxidants into fruit beverages.
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McCarthy, Aoife L., O’Callaghan, Yvonne C., Neugart, Susanne, Piggott, Charles O., Connolly, Alan, Jansen, Marcel A.K., Krumbein, Angelika, Schreiner, Monika, FitzGerald, Richard J., and O’Brien, Nora M.
- Subjects
- *
FRUIT drinks , *HYDROXYCINNAMIC acids , *COMPOSITION of barley , *GRAIN , *PHENOLS - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Hydroxycinnamic acid (HA) content of barley, BSG, phenolic-enriched BSG extracts. [•] Ferulic acid (FA) and derivatives and p-coumaric acid and derivatives main HAs. [•] Fortification of fruit beverages with BSG phenolic extracts. [•] In vitro digestion reduces antioxidant potential of fruit beverages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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281. Thermal-induced changes of kale’s antioxidant activity analyzed by HPLC–UV/Vis-online-TEAC detection
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Fiol, Michaela, Weckmüller, Annika, Neugart, Susanne, Schreiner, Monika, Rohn, Sascha, Krumbein, Angelika, and Kroh, Lothar W.
- Subjects
- *
ANTIOXIDANTS , *KALE , *HIGH performance liquid chromatography , *VEGETABLES -- Nutrition , *BOILING (Cooking) , *FLAVONOIDS , *PHENOL content of food - Abstract
Abstract: Generally, boiling of vegetables is assumed leading to lower nutritional values because of leaching effects and activity loss of bioactive compounds. Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) reveals a great diversity of flavonoids, which have been shown to be good antioxidants. As Brassica vegetables are mainly consumed cooked, the influence of boiling on kale’s flavonoids and their antioxidant activity was investigated. Therefore, three kale cultivars were cooked at 100°C for 2 and 4h prior to analysis. The total phenolic content (TPC) and the total antioxidant activity (TEAC assay and EPR spectrometry) of each cultivar were determined and revealed no change, independent of cooking time, although kale samples visually altered. Using the HPLC–UV/Vis-online-TEAC approach, distinct changes in composition and antioxidant activity of the flavonoids were detectable. Thus, it was observable, that the antioxidant activities of the reaction products compensated the “loss” of the antioxidant activity of the original compounds of the uncooked material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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282. Highly glycosylated and acylated flavonols isolated from kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) — Structure–antioxidant activity relationship
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Fiol, Michaela, Adermann, Susann, Neugart, Susanne, Rohn, Sascha, Mügge, Clemens, Schreiner, Monika, Krumbein, Angelika, and Kroh, Lothar W.
- Subjects
- *
FLAVONOLS , *COLE crops , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *PLANT metabolites , *QUERCETIN , *HIGH performance liquid chromatography , *HYDROXYCINNAMIC acids - Abstract
Abstract: Kale is a common Brassica vegetable rich in secondary plant metabolites especially flavonols, that comprise highly glycosylated and acylated quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. Several kale flavonols have been isolated, structurally identified and characterized by means of HPLC-DAD-ESI–MSn and NMR spectroscopy from kale for the first time. Their antioxidant activity given by a wide variety of glycosylation and acylation patterns was investigated using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, the TEAC assay, and EPR spectroscopy. The purpose was to obtain distinct structure–antioxidant activity relationships of structures differing either in their aglycone structure, their number of glycoside substituent, and the kind of acylation. A high radical scavenging activity is mainly due to catechol like structure of e.g. quercetin derivatives. Noteworthy is the fact that flavonol derivatives esterified with methoxylated hydroxycinnamic acids possess higher antioxidant capacities than those conjugated with hydroxycinnamic acids with catechol structure. Remarkably, the influence of the acyl moiety seems to be less effective than that of the glycosylation pattern in 7-O position. In conclusion, the antioxidant behavior differs depending on the assay used and the above mentioned structural features, revealing the importance of these attributes to be responsible for a specific antioxidant capacity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
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283. Boiling and steaming induced changes in secondary metabolites in three different cultivars of pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis).
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Chen, Xiaomin, Hanschen, Franziska S., Neugart, Susanne, Schreiner, Monika, Vargas, Sara A., Gutschmann, Björn, and Baldermann, Susanne
- Subjects
- *
BOK choy , *METABOLITES , *PLANT metabolites , *EDIBLE greens , *VITAMIN K , *CULTIVARS - Abstract
• Pak choi is a good dietary source of secondary metabolites. • Amur was particularly rich in carotenoids, glucosinolates, phenolics and vitamin K. • Steaming mostly retained more secondary metabolites than cooking. • A large portion of carotenoids and vitamin K was retained by domestic cooking. • The formation of undesired nitriles was inhibited by domestic cooking. Pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is a leafy vegetable that is widely available in Asia and consumed in rising quantities in Europe. Pak choi contains high levels of secondary plant metabolites, such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, and vitamin K, which are beneficial for humans if consumed on a regular basis. The evaluation of the genotype-induced variation of secondary plant metabolites revealed that the cultivar 'Amur' contained the highest concentration of secondary plant metabolites. Furthermore, steaming retained more chlorophylls, glucosinolates, phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds than boiling. In contrast, both domestic cooking methods – boiling, and steaming – reduced the formation of glucosinolate breakdown products, especially the undesired epithionitriles and nitriles but less of the health-beneficial isothiocyanates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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284. Postprandial Micronutrient Variability and Bioavailability: An Interventional Meal Study in Young vs. Old Participants.
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Pellowski D, Kusch P, Henning T, Kochlik B, Maares M, Schmiedeskamp A, Pohl G, Schreiner M, Baldermann S, Haase H, Schwerdtle T, Grune T, and Weber D
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Female, Aged, Adult, Micronutrients, Lycopene, alpha-Tocopherol, Carotenoids, gamma-Tocopherol, Vitamins, Vitamin A, Zinc, Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin D, Trace Elements, Selenium
- Abstract
This study explores age- and time-dependent variations in postprandial micronutrient absorption after a micronutrient-rich intervention meal within the Biomiel (bioavailability of micronutrients in elderly) study. Comprising 43 healthy participants, the study compares young (n = 21; mean age 26.90 years) and old (n = 22; mean age 66.77 years) men and women, analyzing baseline concentrations and six-hour postprandial dynamics of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iodine (I), free zinc (fZn), vitamin C, retinol, lycopene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol, along with 25(OH) vitamin D (quantified only at baseline). Methodologically, quantifications in serum or plasma were performed at baseline and also at 90, 180, 270, and 360 min postprandially. Results reveal higher baseline serum Zn and plasma lycopene concentrations in the young group, whereas Cu, Se, Cu/Zn ratio, 25(OH) vitamin D, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol were higher in old participants. Postprandial variability of Zn, vitamin C, and lycopene showed a strong time-dependency. Age-related differences in postprandial metabolism were observed for Se, Cu, and I. Nevertheless, most of the variance was explained by individuality. Despite some limitations, this study provides insights into postprandial micronutrient metabolism (in serum/plasma), emphasizing the need for further research for a comprehensive understanding of this complex field. Our discoveries offer valuable insights for designing targeted interventions to address and mitigate micronutrient deficiencies in older adults, fostering optimal health and well-being across the lifespan.
- Published
- 2024
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285. Between eustress and distress: UVB induced changes in carotenoid accumulation in halophytic Salicornia europaea.
- Author
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Fitzner M, Schreiner M, and Baldermann S
- Subjects
- Humans, Ultraviolet Rays, Carotenoids, Photosynthesis, Salt-Tolerant Plants, Chenopodiaceae
- Abstract
Halophytes are potential future crops with a valuable nutritional profile. Produced in indoor farming, they are considered to contribute to sustainable and resilient food systems. Indoor farms operate using artificial light. In this context narrowband and low dose UVB radiation can be used to increase plant secondary metabolites, such as carotenoids, and provide an improved nutritional profile for a human diet. UVB radiation can cause eustress or distress in the plant depending on the lighting situation. The aim of this study was to identify the doses of UVB that lead to either eustress or distress and to analyze these responses in Salicornia europaea. Therefore, S. europaea plants were exposed to different UVB radiation levels, low, medium and high, and analyzed for reactive oxygen species (ROS), plant hormones, amino acids, and photosynthetic pigments. High UVB treatment was found to affect phenotype and growth, and the metabolite profile was affected in a UVB dose-dependent manner. Specifically, medium UVB radiation resulted in an increase in carotenoids, whereas high UVB resulted in a decrease. We also observed an altered oxidative stress status and increased SA and decreased ABA contents in response to UVB treatment. This was supported by the results of menadione treatment that induces oxidative stress in plants, which also indicated an altered oxidative stress status in combination with altered carotenoid content. Thus, we show that a moderate dose of UVB can increase the carotenoid content of S. europaea. Furthermore, the UVB stress-dependent response led to a better understanding of carotenoid accumulation upon UVB exposure, which can be used to improve lighting systems and in turn the nutritional profile of future crops in indoor farming., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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286. Urinary Excretion of Mercapturic Acids of the Rodent Carcinogen Methyleugenol after a Single Meal of Basil Pesto: A Controlled Exposure Study in Humans.
- Author
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Nieschalke K, Bergau N, Jessel S, Seidel A, Baldermann S, Schreiner M, Abraham K, Lampen A, Monien BH, Kleuser B, Glatt H, and Schumacher F
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Carcinogens, Rodentia, Chromatography, Liquid, DNA Adducts, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Acetylcysteine urine, Ocimum basilicum
- Abstract
Methyleugenol (ME), found in numerous plants and spices, is a rodent carcinogen and is classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans". The hypothesis of a carcinogenic risk for humans is supported by the observation of ME-derived DNA adducts in almost all human liver and lung samples examined. Therefore, a risk assessment of ME is needed. Unfortunately, biomarkers of exposure for epidemiological studies are not yet available. We hereby present the first detection of N -acetyl-l-cysteine conjugates (mercapturic acids) of ME in human urine samples after consumption of a popular ME-containing meal, pasta with basil pesto. We synthesized mercapturic acid conjugates of ME, identified the major product as N -acetyl- S -[3'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl]-l-cysteine ( E -3'-MEMA), and developed methods for its extraction and LC-MS/MS quantification in human urine. For conducting an exposure study in humans, a basil cultivar with a suitable ME content was grown for the preparation of basil pesto. A defined meal containing 100 g of basil pesto, corresponding to 1.7 mg ME, was served to 12 participants, who collected the complete urine at defined time intervals for 48 h. Using d
6 - E -3'-MEMA as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification, we were able to detect E -3'-MEMA in urine samples of all participants collected after the ME-containing meal. Excretion was maximal between 2 and 6 h after the meal and was completed within about 12 h (concentrations below the limit of detection). Excreted amounts were only between 1 and 85 ppm of the ME intake, indicating that the ultimate genotoxicant, 1'-sulfooxy-ME, is formed to a subordinate extent or is not efficiently detoxified by glutathione conjugation and subsequent conversion to mercapturic acids. Both explanations may apply cumulatively, with the ubiquitous detection of ME DNA adducts in human lung and liver specimens arguing against an extremely low formation of 1'-sulfooxy-ME. Taken together, we hereby present the first noninvasive human biomarker reflecting an internal exposure toward reactive ME species.- Published
- 2023
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287. Effect of an Integrated School Garden and Home Garden Intervention on Anemia Among School-Aged Children in Nepal: Evidence From a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial.
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Baliki G, Weiffen D, Schreinemachers P, Shrestha A, Shrestha RM, Schreiner M, and Brück T
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- Female, Child, Humans, Child, Preschool, Nepal epidemiology, Schools, Hygiene, Gardens, Anemia epidemiology, Anemia prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Integrated school and home garden interventions can improve health outcomes in low-income countries, but rigorous evidence remains scarce, particularly for school-aged children and to reduce anemia., Objective: We test if an integrated school and home garden intervention, implemented at pilot stage, improves hemoglobin levels among school children (aged 9-13 years) in a rural district in the mid-hills of Nepal., Methods: We use a cluster randomized controlled trial with 15 schools each in the control and treatment groups (n = 680 school children). To test if nutritional improvements translate into a reduction of anemia prevalence, hemoglobin data were collected 6 months after intervention support had ended. Using structural equation modeling, we estimate the direct and indirect effects of the treatment through several pathways, including nutritional knowledge, good food and hygiene practices, and dietary diversity., Results: The integrated school and home garden intervention did not lead to a direct significant reduction in anemia. Causal positive changes of the treatment on nutritional outcomes, although significant, are not strong enough to impact hemoglobin levels. The program improved hemoglobin levels indirectly for children below 12 by increasing the use of good food and hygiene practices at home. These practices are associated with higher hemoglobin levels, particularly for girls, young children, and in households where caregivers are literate., Conclusions: Even integrated school and home garden interventions are not sufficient to reduce anemia among school children. Incorporating behavioral change components around food and hygiene practices into integrated garden interventions is important to unlocking their health impacts.
- Published
- 2023
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288. A monocentric, randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial of nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus ) on the lipid regulator prostaglandin E 2 .
- Author
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Herz C, Frei L, Tran HTT, Claßen S, Spöttel J, Krell M, Hanschen FS, Arvandi M, Binder N, Schreiner M, Rohn S, and Lamy E
- Abstract
Scope: As prostaglandin E2 (PGE
2 ) has important roles in physiological and inflammatory functions, a double-blind randomized controlled crossover study to investigate the potential of nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus ) for modulating PGE2 was conducted, aiming at clarifying the role of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC). As secondary parameters leukotriene 4 (LTB4 ), and cytokine release (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α; interleukins IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-12) were quantified., Methods and Results: Thirty-four healthy female participants consumed 1.5 g nasturtium containing BITC, ( verum ) or no BITC (control) twice a day for 2 weeks each. Nasturtium intervention resulted in an increase in mean PGE2 levels in serum samples ( verum : 1.76-fold, p ≤ 0.05; control: 1.78-fold, p ≤ 0.01), and ex vivo stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) ( verum : 1.71-fold, p ≤ 0.01; control: 1.43-fold). Using a pre-to-post responder analysis approach, 18 of 34 subjects showed a > 25% PGE2 increase in serum, while it was >25% decreased for 9 subjects (stimulated PBMC: 14 and 8 of 28, respectively). Under the selected conditions, the BITC content of nasturtium did not affect the observed changes in PGE2 . Verum intervention also increased mean LTB4 serum level (1.24-fold, p ≤ 0.01), but not in LPS stimulated PBMC, and significantly increased TNF- α release in stimulated PBMC after 3 h ( verum : 1.65-fold, p = 0.0032; control: 1.22-fold, p = 0.7818). No change was seen in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, or the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, and IL-12., Conclusion: In contrast to the previously reported in vitro results, on average, LPS activated PBMC and serum from both groups showed increased PGE2 levels. Further analyses suggest that PGE2 release after intervention could possibly depend on the baseline PGE2 level. Identification of phenotypes that respond differently to the nasturtium intervention could be useful to establish personalized approaches for dosing phytopharmaceuticals medicines., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Herz, Frei, Tran, Claßen, Spöttel, Krell, Hanschen, Arvandi, Binder, Schreiner, Rohn and Lamy.)- Published
- 2023
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289. The interaction of salinity and light regime modulates photosynthetic pigment content in edible halophytes in greenhouse and indoor farming.
- Author
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Fitzner M, Schreiner M, and Baldermann S
- Abstract
Given its limited land and water use and the changing climate conditions, indoor farming of halophytes has a high potential to contribute significantly to global agriculture in the future. Notably, indoor farming and classical greenhouse cultivation differ in their light regime between artificial and solar lighting, which can influence plant metabolism, but how this affects the cultivation of halophytes has not yet been investigated. To address this question, we studied the yield and content of abscisic acid, carotenoids, and chlorophylls as well as chloride of three halophyte species ( Cochlearia officinalis , Atriplex hortensis , and Salicornia europaea ) differing in their salt tolerance mechanisms and following four salt treatments (no salt to 600 mM of NaCl) in two light regimes (greenhouse/indoor farming). In particular, salt treatment had a strong influence on chloride accumulation which is only slightly modified by the light regime. Moreover, fresh and dry mass was influenced by the light regime and salinity. Pigments exhibited different responses to salt treatment and light regime, reflecting their differing functions in the photosynthetic apparatus. We conclude that the interaction of light regime and salt treatment modulates the content of photosynthetic pigments. Our study highlights the potential applications of the cultivation of halophytes for indoor farming and underlines that it is a promising production system, which provides food alternatives for future diets., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Fitzner, Schreiner and Baldermann.)
- Published
- 2023
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290. Effect of Narrowband UV-B Irradiation on the Growth Performance of House Crickets.
- Author
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Psarianos M, Fricke A, Ojha S, Baldermann S, Schreiner M, and Schlüter OK
- Abstract
Indoor co-cultivation systems can answer to the need for sustainable and resilient food production systems. Rearing organisms under light-emitting diodes (LEDs) irradiation provides the possibility to control and shape the emitted light spectra. UV-B-irradiation (280-315 nm) can positively affect the nutritional composition of different plants and other organisms, whereas information on edible insects is scarce. To evaluate the potential effect of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and LED-emitting LEDs on the rearing and nutritional quality of edible insects, house crickets ( Acheta domesticus ) were reared from the age of 21 days under controlled LED spectra, with an additional UV-B (0.08 W/m
2 ) dose of 1.15 KJm2 d-1 (illuminated over a period for 4 h per day) for 34 days. UV-B exposure showed no harm to the weight of the crickets and significantly increased their survival by ca. 10% under narrowband UV-B treatment. The nutritional composition including proteins, fat and chitin contents of the insects was not affected by the UV-B light and reached values of 60.03 ± 10.41, 22.38 ± 2.12 and 9.33 ± 1.21%, respectively, under the LED irradiation. Therefore, house crickets can grow under LED irradiation with a positive effect of narrowband UV-B application on their survival.- Published
- 2022
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291. Aqueous and gaseous plasma applications for the treatment of mung bean seeds.
- Author
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Darmanin M, Fröhling A, Bußler S, Durek J, Neugart S, Schreiner M, Blundell R, Gatt R, Schlüter O, and Valdramidis VP
- Abstract
Sprouts are particularly prone to microbial contamination due to their high nutrient content and the warm temperatures and humid conditions needed for their production. Therefore, disinfection is a crucial step in food processing as a means of preventing the transmission of bacterial, parasitic and viral pathogens. In this study, a dielectric coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) system was used for the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), plasma activated water (PAW) and their combination on mung bean seeds. Germination assessments were performed in a test tube set-up filled with glass beads and the produced irrigation water. Overall, it was found that the combined seed treatment with direct air CAP (350 W) and air PAW had no negative impact on mung bean seed germination and growth, nor the concentration of secondary metabolites within the sprouts. These treatments also reduced the total microbial population in sprouts by 2.5 log CFU/g. This research reports for first time that aside from the stimulatory effect of plasma discharge on seed surface disinfection, sustained plasma treatment through irrigation of treated seeds with PAW can significantly enhance seedling growth. The positive outcome and further applications of different forms, of plasma i.e., gaseous and aqueous, in the agro-food industry is further supported by this research., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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292. Allyl Isothiocyanate: A TAS2R38 Receptor-Dependent Immune Modulator at the Interface Between Personalized Medicine and Nutrition.
- Author
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Tran HTT, Stetter R, Herz C, Spöttel J, Krell M, Hanschen FS, Schreiner M, Rohn S, Behrens M, and Lamy E
- Subjects
- Adaptive Immunity drug effects, Adult, Calcium Signaling, Cells, Cultured, Diet, Escherichia coli K12 growth & development, Female, Humans, Immunity, Innate drug effects, Immunologic Factors administration & dosage, Immunologic Factors pharmacokinetics, Isothiocyanates administration & dosage, Isothiocyanates pharmacokinetics, Leukocytes immunology, Leukocytes metabolism, Male, Microbial Viability, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase metabolism, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Precision Medicine, Pregnancy, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Immunologic Factors pharmacology, Isothiocyanates pharmacology, Leukocytes drug effects, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled agonists
- Abstract
Understanding individual responses to nutrition and medicine is of growing interest and importance. There is evidence that differences in bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) genes which give rise to two frequent haplotypes, TAS2R38-PAV (functional) and TAS2R38-AVI (non-functional), may impact inter-individual differences in health status. We here analyzed the relevance of the TAS2R38 receptor in the regulation of the human immune response using the TAS2R38 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) from Brassica plants. A differential response in calcium mobilization upon AITC treatment in leucocytes from healthy humans confirmed a relevance of TAS2R38 functionality, independent from cation channel TRPV1 or TRPA1 activation. We further identified a TAS2R38-dependence of MAPK and AKT signaling activity, bactericidal (toxicity against E. coli ) and anti-inflammatory activity (TNF-alpha inhibition upon cell stimulation). These in vitro results were derived at relevant human plasma levels in the low micro molar range as shown here in a human intervention trial with AITC-containing food., Competing Interests: A part of the study was financed by a grant from Repha gmbh, Langenhagen, Germany. Repha GmbH was not involved in the study design, interpretation of the results or writing of the manuscript. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Tran, Stetter, Herz, Spöttel, Krell, Hanschen, Schreiner, Rohn, Behrens and Lamy.)
- Published
- 2021
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293. Blue Light Treatment but Not Green Light Treatment After Pre-exposure to UV-B Stabilizes Flavonoid Glycoside Changes and Corresponding Biological Effects in Three Different Brassicaceae Sprouts.
- Author
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Neugart S, Majer P, Schreiner M, and Hideg É
- Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280-315 nm) radiation induces the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites such as flavonoids. Flavonoids could also be enhanced by blue (420-490 nm) or green (490-585 nm) light. Flavonoids act as antioxidants and shielding components in the plant's response to UV-B exposure. They are shown to quench singlet oxygen and to be reactive to hydroxyl radical. The aim was to determine whether treatment with blue or green light can alter flavonoid profiles after pre-exposure to UV-B and whether they cause corresponding biological effects in Brassicaceae sprouts. Based on their different flavonoid profiles, three vegetables from the Brassicaceae were selected. Sprouts were treated with five subsequent doses (equals 5 days) of moderate UV-B (0.23 kJ m
-2 day-1 UV-BBE ), which was followed with two subsequent (equals 2 days) doses of either blue (99 μmol m-2 s-1 ) or green (119 μmol m-2 s-1 ) light. In sprouts of kale, kohlrabi, and rocket salad, flavonoid glycosides were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn . Both Brassica oleracea species, kale and kohlrabi, showed mainly acylated quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. In contrast, in rocket salad, the main flavonol glycosides were quercetin glycosides. Blue light treatment after the UV-B treatment showed that quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were increased in the B. oleracea species kale and kohlrabi while-contrary to this-in rocket salad, there were only quercetin glycosides increased. Blue light treatment in general stabilized the enhanced concentrations of flavonoid glycosides while green treatment did not have this effect. Blue light treatment following the UV-B exposure resulted in a trend of increased singlet oxygen scavenging for kale and rocket. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity was independent from the light quality except for kale where an exposure with UV-B followed by a blue light treatment led to a higher hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. These results underline the importance of different light qualities for the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species that intercept secondary plant metabolites, but also show a pronounced species-dependent reaction, which is of special interest for growers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Neugart, Majer, Schreiner and Hideg.)- Published
- 2021
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294. Light quality-induced changes of carotenoid composition in pak choi Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis.
- Author
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Frede K, Schreiner M, and Baldermann S
- Subjects
- Binding Sites, Brassica rapa chemistry, Brassica rapa growth & development, Carotenoids analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Circadian Clocks radiation effects, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant radiation effects, Mass Spectrometry, Photosystem II Protein Complex genetics, Photosystem II Protein Complex metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Transcription Factors chemistry, Transcription Factors metabolism, Brassica rapa radiation effects, Carotenoids biosynthesis, Light
- Abstract
Carotenoids as part of the photosystems are crucial for their assembly, light-harvesting, and photoprotection. Light of different wavelengths impacts the composition and structure of photosystems, thus offering the possibility to influence the carotenoid concentrations and composition in photosystems by illumination with specific narrow-banded light spectra. Key components involved in the regulation of gene transcription are still poorly characterized, particularly in leafy vegetables as compared to model plants. In particular, the effect of different light qualities and its connection to redox control mechanisms, which also determine the photosystem composition and structure, is not yet well understood. Furthermore, light quality effects are species-dependent, and thus, increase the need to perform research on individual vegetable species such as pak choi Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis. Here, we investigated the carotenoid concentrations and composition of pak choi sprouts grown for 6 days under blue, red, or white light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light source. After 6 days, the total carotenoid content was the highest under white and slightly reduced under blue or red LEDs. Blue, red, and white light differently affected the carotenoid composition mainly due to variations of the β-carotene content which could be correlated to changes in the transcript levels of β-carotene hydroxylase 1 (β-OHASE1). Further investigations implied a redox controlled gene expression of β-OHASE1. In addition, transcription factors related to light signaling and the circadian clock differed in their transcriptional abundance after exposure to blue and red light. RNA-Seq analysis also revealed increased transcript levels of genes encoding the outer antenna complex of photosystem II under red compared to blue light, indicating an adjustment of the photosystems to the different light qualities which possibly contributed to the alternations in the carotenoid content and composition., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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295. Plant growth-promoting bacteria Kosakonia radicincitans mediate anti-herbivore defense in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Author
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Brock AK, Berger B, Schreiner M, Ruppel S, and Mewis I
- Subjects
- Animals, Aphids growth & development, Arabidopsis growth & development, Arabidopsis immunology, Glucosinolates metabolism, Herbivory, Larva, Mutation, Phloem growth & development, Phloem immunology, Phloem microbiology, Plant Diseases immunology, Plant Diseases parasitology, Plant Proteins genetics, Signal Transduction, Spodoptera growth & development, Aphids microbiology, Arabidopsis microbiology, Disease Resistance, Enterobacteriaceae physiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Spodoptera microbiology
- Abstract
Main Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the application of the PGPB strain, Kosakonia radicincitans enhances a plant's resistance against phloem-feeding and chewing insects in Arabidopsis thaliana. The plant growth-promoting bacterial strain K. radicincitans DSM 16656 applied to A. thaliana reduced the number of phloem-feeding insects of both the specialist Brevicoryne brassicae and the generalist Myzus persicae. While weight gain of the generalist chewing insect Spodoptera exigua was reduced by 30% on A. thaliana plants treated with K. radicincitans, growth of the specialist caterpillar Pieris brassicae was not affected when compared with caterpillars from control plants. Since generalist and specialist chewing insects responded differentially to PGPB application, the implication of signaling pathways in PGPB mediated changes in plant defense was studied using two signaling pathway mutants impaired in their salicylic acid (npr1-1 mutant) or jasmonic acid (coi1-1 mutant) pathway. We found that the jasmonic acid pathway is relevant for upregulation of aliphatic glucosinolates and suppression of the chewing generalist S. exigua larval growth. Chewing from generalist P. brassicae increased glucosinolate content in A. thaliana leaves mediated via both signaling pathways. However, only in the npr1-1 mutant, which contains the highest aliphatic glucosinolate content, the P. brassicae induced further enrichment of glucosinolates, resulting in a reduction of larval growth. Effects of K. radicincitans on plant resistance could not be explained by changes in glucosinolate contents or composition. Our results demonstrate the distinct role played by K. radicincitans in suppressing insect performance in A. thaliana.
- Published
- 2018
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296. Reactivity and stability of glucosinolates and their breakdown products in foods.
- Author
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Hanschen FS, Lamy E, Schreiner M, and Rohn S
- Subjects
- Crystallography, X-Ray, Food Handling, Food, Glucosinolates chemistry
- Abstract
The chemistry of glucosinolates and their behavior during food processing is very complex. Their instability leads to the formation of a bunch of breakdown and reaction products that are very often reactive themselves. Although excessive consumption of cabbage varieties has been thought for long time to have adverse, especially goitrogenic effects, nowadays, epidemiologic studies provide data that there might be beneficial health effects as well. Especially Brassica vegetables, such as broccoli, radish, or cabbage, are rich in these interesting plant metabolites. However, information on the bioactivity of glucosinolates is only valuable when one knows which compounds are formed during processing and subsequent consumption. This review provides a comprehensive, in-depth overview on the chemical reactivity of different glucosinolates and breakdown products thereof during food preparation., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
297. Vegetable crop management strategies to increase the quantity of phytochemicals.
- Author
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Schreiner M
- Subjects
- Brassica genetics, Food, Organic, Genotype, Humans, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Raphanus genetics, Agriculture methods, Brassica chemistry, Diet, Neoplasms prevention & control, Raphanus chemistry
- Abstract
Background: Numerous epidemiological studies show an inverse association between vegetable consumption and chronic diseases such as different types of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Phytochemicals in vegetables are known to be responsible for this observed protective effect. Therefore, raising the levels of these health-promoting substances in vegetables and/or using phytochemicals as food supplements would be desirable especially since dietary behaviour and the suboptimal efficiency of diet campaigns in industrial nations of Northern Europe and North America have resulted in a relatively low increase of vegetable consumption., Aim of the Study: The aim of this paper is to suggest crop management strategies based on genotypic and ecophysiological effects for the production of vegetables enriched with phytochemicals which can be served as fresh market products or be used as raw material for functional foods and supplements., Results: Crop management strategies, representatively given here with broccoli, cauliflower and radish, demonstrated that the contents of individual phytochemicals could be increased 10-fold in broccoli and cauliflower, and 2-fold in radish.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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