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The lower Miocene strata of the foothills and western coastal areas of northwestern Taiwan consist, in ascending order, of the Wuchihshan, the Mushan, and the Taliao Formations; the Kungkuan Tuff is a lateral equivalent of the lower part of the Taliao. The middle Miocene series is divided into two units, the Shihti Formation below and the Tiehchenshan Formation above. The latter includes the Peiliao Member, the Talu Shale Member, and the Kuanyinshan Sandstone Member. The upper Miocene also is divided into two units, the Nanchuang Formation below and the Kueichulin Formation above. The former includes the Tungkeng Member and the Shangfuchi Sandstone Member, and the latter consists of the Kuantaoshan Sandstone Member, the Shihliufen Shale Member, and the Yutengping Sandston Member. The thicknesses of the type Wuchihshan, Mushan, and Taliao Formations are 1,188.5 m, 595.5 m, and 382 m, respectively. The Shihti Formation has no complete exposure section at the type locality. The thicknesses of the three type members of the Tiehchenshan Formation are 474 m, 332 m, and 156 m, respectively. The thicknesses of five type members of the Nanchuang and the Kueichulin Formations are 586 m, 102 m, 176 m, 38 m, and 271 m respectively. The isopach map of the lower Miocene Taliao Formation and Mushan Formation shows the total thickness of 1,150 m in the northeast foothills region to decrease westward to 900 m near the Hsinchu coast. The isopach map of the middle Miocene shows the thickest part to be 1,500 m in the foothills region 20 km southeast of Hsinchu; the unit thins northward to 700 m on the Kuanyin coast. The isopach map of the upper Miocene shows the thickest part to be more than 2,400 m in the foothills region 20 km southeast of Hsinchu; the upper Miocene thins northward and southwestward at the coast to about 700 m. As a whole, the sediments of the Miocene formations in northwestern Taiwan were deposited in mixed shelf and geosynclinal environments. Structures suitable for drilling should be present in the foothills region, under the coastal area, and beneath the sea bottom offshore. Wells to 3,500 to 5,500 m should test the Miocene oil and gas objective sandstones.

The lagging economy and high inflation of recent years can be quantitatively explained by a dynamic model which is based on well known structural equations and equations on price and wage reflecting collective bargaining and limited monopoly. Using the dynamic model, the effects of various economic policies are studied.

This paper deals with the Neogene formations distributed in the foothills region and under the coastal plain of the Chiayi-Hsinying area of west-central Taiwan, and is one part of the regional stratigraphic study of the late Cenozoic sedimentary basin of western Taiwan. The type section of the lower Miocene Peikang Formation is selected in the Peikang PK-3 stratigraphic test well in the coastal plain, and the thickness of the type formation is 444 m. The Chutouchi Formation, Maupu Shale, Ailiaochiao Formation, and Yenshuikeng Shale of the upper Miocene series in the foothills region have been found only in the CL-1 wildcat on the Chunlun structure. The type locality of the lower Pliocene sequence, which includes the Chunlun, the Niaotsui, and the Yunshuichi Formation, is along the Yunshui-chi.(FOOTNOTE 3) The thickness of these formations at the type locality are 485, 650, and 450 m, respectively. The total thickness of the upper Pliocene Liuchungchi Formation in its type locality at the Liuchung-chi is 760 m; of the upper Pliocene Kanhsialiao Format on at the Kueichung-chi is 540 m; of the Plio-Pleistocene Erhchungchi Formation (also at the Kueichung-chi) is 440 m; and of the Pleistocene Liushuang Formation at the Liushuang-keng (FOOTNOTE 4) is 1,040 m. Only minor variation in lithofacies is observed in the lower Miocene Peikang Formation in the different wells in the coastal plain. From the isopachous pattern and the ecologic aspect of the foraminiferal assemblages, it is clear that the Peikang Formation was deposited on the buried shelf and basin slope in a moderately deep-water (neritic) environment. The several formations from the upper Miocene to the Pleistocene gradually thin in the whole area from the foothills region westward across the coastal plain to the coast, and their lateral lithofacies variations reveal that, in general, the sand content progressively decreases and the mud content gradually increases from northeast to southwest. The upper Miocene sequence was deposited in a nearshore, shallow-marine environment with r stricted access to oceanic influence, whereas the depositional environment of the lower Pliocene sequence was moderately shallow-marine open-sea conditions. The ecologic aspects of the foraminiferal assemblages from the upper Pliocene to the Pleistocene suggest that deposition was in a shallow-marine environment with limited access to oceanic influence. Growth faulting appears to have been important during deposition of the lower Pliocene and upper Miocene formations. Under the coastal plain, hydrocarbon accumulations may be found in structural traps or possible stratigraphic traps developed toward the Peikang buried shelf as a result of overlapping of the lower Miocene, the upper Miocene, and the lower Pliocene series on the basin slope. In the foothills region, the potential oil and gas reservoirs in the upper Miocene series in the Chunlun structure are considered to be the most promising. The 300-m and 700-m gas zones of the Niushan gas field are sandstone members in the upper Pliocene Liuchungchi Formation. Sandstone members equivalent to them are the drilling objectives in all the other structures of this area. Natural gas is found in the water wells on the coastal plain, and potential shallow reservoirs of dissolved gas are judged to be present within the Erhchungchi and the Liushuang Formations in the shallow subsurface structures.

A flagellate amoeba, isolated from Ohio River water and identified as Naegleria gruberi (Schardinger), has been maintained in permanent cultures on a buffered sucrose nitrate agar with its original bacterial associate, identified as Proteus mirabilis. On Czapek agar plates, the growth curve of the amoeba at 25-27° was found to consist of a lag phase of about 4 hr., a log growth phase of about 60 hr., and a growth-encystment phase of 2-3 weeks. At 37° the lag phase was shortened by half and the log growth phase by about a third. The generation time was 4 1/2 hr. at 25-27° and 2 1/2 hr. at 37°. Continuous cultivation at 37°, however, resulted in occurrence of abnormal forms. Very poor growth of amoeba on nutrient and tryptose agars was attributed to their high organic nitrogen content, poor growth in liquid media to the difficulty of amoebae to engulf bacteria. Attempts to grow the amoeba on heat-killed bacteria were failures. Redox potential and pH determinations revealed that the mixed fluid cultures were aerobic and the amoebae perished at pH values more acid than 5·6. Replacement of Proteus mirabilis by other bacteria by Oehler's technique was unsuccessful because of swarming but was successful with a Flavobacterium sp., which produced a yellow pigment whose antibiotic effect prevented swarming. Permanent cultures of the amoeba with the new bacterial associate were maintained after the amoeba overcame the antibiotic effect of the pigment. Replacement of the Flavobacterium sp. in the mixed culture by new species of bacteria was easily accomplished, and permanent cultures were maintained with Aerobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, 8 species of Salmonella and 2 of Shigella. The amoebae encysted earlier on all these species than on Proteus mirabilis. Cytological observations include: (a) appearance of the chromatin material as short rods; (b) no evidence of thread-like structures radiating from the karyosome or chromatin patches in resting nucleus, nor the centrioles in mitosis; (c) karyosome origin of both the ‘interzonal body’ and the polar caps.

Adaptive control systems can be classified according to the response time of the adaptive loop T a relative to that of the main servo loop T m . The response time T a cannot be smaller than the time needed for making the required measurement on which the adjustments are based. In a slow adaptive system, T_{a}\ggT_{m} , and the adjustments are made according to the estimated situation (statistical parameters of the inputs changing plant parameters, etc.) or the estimated performance (error, cost, intermediate parameters etc.). If T_{a}\llT_{m} , usually a reference model is chosen and the system is forced to conform to the reference model. Sometimes the reference model is dimensionless so that the fastest response can be obtained. In both cases, T_{a}\ggT_{m} and T_{a}\llT_{m} , the system can be analyzed by introducing suitable approximations. The condition of stability for the adaptive loop is derived in general terms. If T_{a}\approxT_{m} , both analysis and synthesis become difficult. The concept of "dual control" is introduced, but not developed in the paper.

It is well-established that three features are resolved in the thermal desorption spectra of H 2 O from clean Ru(001): one at low temperature due to desorption from ice multilayers, and two at higher temperatures due to desorption from a chemisorbed bilayer. However, we find that for D 2 O the highest-temperature state is strongly suppressed. By varying the heating rate during H 2 O desorption, we obtain evidence that the highest-temperature state can be formed by conversion from the intermediate state. Conversion is much slower for D 2 O than for H 2 O, so that direct desorption is kinetically favored over conversion and the high-temperature state is suppressed for D 2 O. The rate of conversion is about 3 to 8 times slower for D 2 O than for H 2 O, which is consistent with a model in which the rate-determining step for conversion is rotation of one or more water molecules within a hydrogen-bonded cluster. This work provides the first evidence for an isotope effect in thermal desorption of water. An important ramification is that adsorbed D 2 O is not always interchangeable with H 2 O for chemical studies of isotopic mixing or for spectroscopic studies of vibrational frequency shifts, as is commonly assumed.

In the course of a discussion of the nature of an ambiguity in the indexing of Renninger peaks the possibility was discovered of distinguishing some opposite directions in a cubic crystal without recourse to anomalous scattering. A multiple-diffraction experiment performed on a (111) Ge plate rotated about [222] enabled distinction between the [1{\bar 1}0] and [0{\bar 1}1] directions to be made. The azimuthal angles counted from alternative zero meridians containing [1{\bar 1}0] or [0{\bar 1}1] are the same, but give rise to peaks indexed hkl and 2 - l,2 - h,2 - k respectively. However, dynamically equivalent situations 222, hkl/(2 - h,2 - k,2 - l) and 222, (2 - l,2 - h,2 - k)/lhk are geometrically different, being distinguished as Bragg-Laue and Bragg-Bragg, respectively, or vice versa.

The multiperiod optimal control problem is formulated and solved using dynamic programming.

The basic theory and a procedure for the design of strictly digital systems and of digitally controlled continuous systems are outlined. In the latter type system, a continuous plant is controlled by intermittently monitored and processed error signals. For optimum design, the mean square of the error signals averaged over long periods of time should be kept to a minimum.

In a recent issue, Turnovsky [3] derived the optimal control for a version of the multiplieraccelerator model, in which both the multiplier and accelerator coefficients are random variables. He solves the model for the cases in which either the propensity to save or the accelerator coefficient is stochastic but does not derive the solution for the cases when both coefficients are stochastic. In this note, we shall first show that there is an additive term in the optimum policy due to correlation of the disturbances, and income is steered to a level less than equilibrium. Then we shall derive the optimal policy for the case when both coefficients are stochastic.

We have determined the number of atomic layers necessary to support the bulk-like (5×1) reconstruction in a thin film of platinum on a Pd(100) substrate. The Pt film grows layer-by-layer, epitaxially, up to at least three atomic layers at room temperature. It reconstructs at ∼420 K, similar to surfaces of bulk Pt. Reconstruction takes place at Pt coverages above 1/3 monolayer, i.e. only one atomic layer of Pt is necessary to support the reconstruction in this system.

AS A RESULT of study and experimental work, a present-day shaded pole motor with good accelerating characteristics and 35- to 40-per cent efficiency is not uncommon. With improved efficiency, the horsepower ratings of these motors are also extended from the sub fractional to the fractional range. Experimental results reading to this improvement can be co-ordinated and integrated into infallible rules for designing shaded pole motors with the aid of the equivalent circuit.

The peak tracking problem can be reduced to a Kalman falter problem [1] with the additional variable of the excursion amplitude c , which is then obtained by maximizing the expected peak. In the special case where the parameters do not change, the method yields two tracking procedures depending on the criterion used: 1) Tracking for a limited time and then settling for the parameter value so determined. It is shown that the expected error is proportional to t-1, where t is the tracking time [2]. 2) A procedure which agrees with the Kiefer-Wolfowitz stochastic approximation method [3]. It is shown further that the expected total reduction in peak value (due to error and hunting loss) is proportional to t^{-1/2}.

POWER COMPANIES are usually particular about the starting current and running power factor of an induction motor. However, induction-motor manufacturers cannot possibly supply a motor much better in these respects than the present National Electrical Manufacturers' Association Design C standards, even though ideal materials should be discovered in the future.