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151. The effects of blast chilling on pork quality.

Author

Rybarczyk A, Karamucki T, Pietruszka A, Rybak K, and Matysiak B

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Refrigeration, Stress, Mechanical, Swine, Cold Temperature, Color, Food Handling methods, Food Preservation methods, Meat analysis, Taste, Water
Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of blast chilling of pig carcasses on the physiochemical and sensory properties of the longissimus lumborum muscle. To this end, right half-carcasses were blast-chilled for 70min at -24°C and then for 22h and 50min at 1°C, while left half-carcasses were chilled conventionally at 1°C for 24h. At 2h and 6h post mortem, blast chilling had significantly reduced the temperature of the carcasses, as well as the rate of pH decrease and the rate of increase in EC. It had no significant effect on the ultimate pH or its range, or on EC at 24h post mortem, but it significantly lowered L*, b*, C* and drip loss compared to the conventionally chilled carcasses. Blast chilling adversely affected sensory characteristics such as tenderness and flavor. There were no significant differences between the effects of blast and conventional chilling systems on meat quality between conformation classes., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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152. Role of new biomarkers for the diagnosis of nephropathy associated with diabetes type 2.

Author

Żyłka A, Gala-Błądzińska A, Rybak K, Dumnicka P, Drożdż R, and Kuśnierz-Cabala B

Subjects
Blood Urea Nitrogen, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetic Nephropathies etiology, Early Diagnosis, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Severity of Illness Index, Biomarkers blood, Biomarkers urine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis, Diabetic Nephropathies diagnosis
Abstract

In twenty first century, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMt2) dramatically increases, followed by the number of patients suffering from its complications. Currently, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of renal replacement therapy. Often, DMt2 is diagnosed after several years of duration, and irreversible organ damage can develop during that period. On the other hand, the early diag- nosis of DKD in the preclinical phase, when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is still maintained and there are no evident changes in urinalysis, gives the possibility of implementing the nephroprotective treatment that can significantly delay the progression of the disease. However, the diagnostic tests available in clinical practice, i.e. serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria have important limitations. There is a need for new, early and non-invasive biomarkers specific for kidney injury, allowing for differentiation between glomerular and tubular injury, and changing dynamically in response to the degree of kidney damage. Hereby, we review the current knowledge about the novel and emerging biomarkers of kidney injury and their used for the diagnosis of DKD.

Published
2015

153. Plant cytokinesis is orchestrated by the sequential action of the TRAPPII and exocyst tethering complexes.

Author

Rybak K, Steiner A, Synek L, Klaeger S, Kulich I, Facher E, Wanner G, Kuster B, Zarsky V, Persson S, and Assaad FF

Subjects
Arabidopsis cytology, Cytoplasmic Vesicles metabolism, Exocytosis physiology, Growth Plate metabolism, Microtubules metabolism, Models, Molecular, Arabidopsis physiology, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Cytokinesis physiology, Growth Plate cytology, Vesicular Transport Proteins metabolism
Abstract

Plant cytokinesis is initiated in a transient membrane compartment, the cell plate, and completed by a process of maturation during which the cell plate becomes a cross wall. How the transition from juvenile to adult stages occurs is poorly understood. In this study, we monitor the Arabidopsis transport protein particle II (TRAPPII) and exocyst tethering complexes throughout cytokinesis. We show that their appearance is predominantly sequential, with brief overlap at the onset and end of cytokinesis. The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma membrane proteins, including exocyst subunits, at the cell plate throughout cytokinesis. We show that the two tethering complexes physically interact and propose that their coordinated action may orchestrate not only plant but also animal cytokinesis., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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155. Quantitative variation in effector activity of ToxA isoforms from Stagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis.

Author

Tan KC, Ferguson-Hunt M, Rybak K, Waters OD, Stanley WA, Bond CS, Stukenbrock EH, Friesen TL, Faris JD, McDonald BA, and Oliver RP

Subjects
Ascomycota pathogenicity, Fungal Proteins genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal physiology, Mycotoxins genetics, Protein Isoforms, Virulence, Ascomycota metabolism, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Mycotoxins metabolism, Plant Diseases microbiology, Triticum microbiology
Abstract

ToxA is a proteinaceous necrotrophic effector produced by Stagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. In this study, all eight mature isoforms of the ToxA protein were purified and compared. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that all isoforms were structurally intact and had indistinguishable secondary structural features. ToxA isoforms were infiltrated into wheat lines that carry the sensitivity gene Tsn1. It was observed that different wheat lines carrying identical Tsn1 alleles varied in sensitivity to ToxA. All ToxA isoforms induced necrosis when introduced into any Tsn1 wheat line but we observed quantitative variation in effector activity, with the least-active version found in isolates of P. tritici-repentis. Pathogen sporulation increased with higher doses of ToxA. The isoforms that induced the most rapid necrosis also induced the most sporulation, indicating that pathogen fitness is affected by differences in ToxA activity. We show that differences in toxin activity encoded by a single gene can contribute to the quantitative inheritance of necrotrophic virulence. Our findings support the hypothesis that the variation at ToxA results from selection that favors increased toxin activity.

Published
2012
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156. [European guidelines on myocardial revascularization].

Author

Perings SM, Bosch R, Eggeling T, Hennersdorf M, Graf La Rosee K, Korte T, Lauer T, Leschke M, Lewalter T, Mathey D, Mudra H, Reifert N, Rybak K, Sievert H, and Tiefenbacher C

Subjects
Europe, Humans, Cardiology standards, Coronary Artery Disease surgery, Myocardial Revascularization standards, Practice Guidelines as Topic
Published
2011
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157. The effects of electron beam radiation on material properties and degradation of commercial PBAT/PLA blend.

Author

Iuliano, A., Nowacka, M., Rybak, K., and Rzepna, M.

Subjects
MECHANICAL properties of condensed matter, FOOD irradiation, ELECTRON beams, RADIATION, POLYESTERS, POLYLACTIC acid, COMMERCIAL real estate, MICROBIAL inactivation
Abstract

This work investigates the potential application of e‐beam radiation for sterilization of food packaging made of commercial polyester blend of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and polylactide known under the trade name Ecovio 23B1. Ecovio film was irradiated at doses of 5, 13, and 26 kGy and the effect of sterilization on the microorganism inactivation ability was performed. The influence of radiation doses on structural and packaging properties such as tensile strength, barrier, and migration properties was also studied. 1H NMR and FTIR analysis revealed no significant changes in the polymer structure, however, the molar mass of irradiated samples decreased with increasing radiation dose. This result indicated the occurrence of degradation process during radiation, which was confirmed by the thermal analysis and accelerated enzymatic degradation. The packaging properties did not changed significantly and the overall migration for 10% ethanol, isooctane, and MPPO was below the limit for all of the studied samples. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48462. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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158. Tethering factors required for cytokinesis in Arabidopsis.

Author

Thellmann M, Rybak K, Thiele K, Wanner G, and Assaad FF

Subjects
Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Cell Wall ultrastructure, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Vesicular Transport Proteins genetics, Arabidopsis cytology, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Cytokinesis, Vesicular Transport Proteins metabolism
Abstract

At the end of the cell cycle, the nascent cross wall is laid down within a transient membrane compartment referred to as the cell plate. Tethering factors, which act by capturing vesicles and holding them in the vicinity of their target membranes, are likely to play an important role in the first stages of cell plate assembly. Factors required for cell plate biogenesis, however, remain to be identified. In this study, we used a reverse genetic screen to isolate tethering factors required for cytokinesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We focused on the TRAPPI and TRAPPII (for transport protein particle) tethering complexes, which are thought to be required for the flow of traffic through the Golgi and for trans-Golgi network function, as well as on the GARP complex, thought to be required for the tethering of endocytotic vesicles to the trans-Golgi network. We found weak cytokinesis defects in some TRAPPI mutants and strong cytokinesis defects in all the TRAPPII lines we surveyed. Indeed, four insertion lines at the TRAPPII locus AtTRS120 had canonical cytokinesis-defective seedling-lethal phenotypes, including cell wall stubs and incomplete cross walls. Confocal and electron microscopy showed that in trs120 mutants, vesicles accumulated at the equator of dividing cells yet failed to assemble into a cell plate. This shows that AtTRS120 is required for cell plate biogenesis. In contrast to the TRAPP complexes, we found no conclusive evidence for cytokinesis defects in seven GARP insertion lines. We discuss the implications of these findings for the origin and identity of cell plate membranes.

Published
2010
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159. [The "Recommendations for the structure of cardiac pacemaker and defibrillator therapy"--what can they achieve?: Implementation of the concept paper for HSM/ICD therapy].

Author

Rybak K

Subjects
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy statistics & numerical data, Cooperative Behavior, Curriculum standards, Defibrillators, Implantable statistics & numerical data, Electrophysiology education, Germany, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Medicine standards, Pacemaker, Artificial statistics & numerical data, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Utilization Review, Bradycardia therapy, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy standards, Critical Pathways standards, Defibrillators, Implantable standards, Heart Failure therapy, Pacemaker, Artificial standards, Quality Assurance, Health Care standards, Tachycardia therapy
Abstract

Implantable devices in cardiac electrophysiology have developed from simple machines that prevent bradycardia to complex systems that treat malignant tachyarrhythmias and severe heart failure. Optimal therapeutic utilization of these systems requires profound knowledge of those who treat patients with devices. To account for that, the German Cardiac Society has published "Recommendations for the structure of cardiac pacemaker and defibrillator therapy" to achieve an expertise in 2 levels. These define topics for interdisciplinary education to ensure implantation and follow-up of high quality, as well as infrastructural requirements such as staff and operation rooms. The implementation of these guidelines offers a great opportunity for good quality in device therapy and may enhance the results of the compulsory German quality registry of the respective institution. The established courses of the German Cardiac Society to achieve competence in pacemaker and ICD therapy according to the curricula should be complemented by practical training in accredited centers. Minimum numbers for implantation and follow-up are necessary to ensure a continuously high quality.

Published
2010
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160. A putative TRAPPII tethering factor is required for cell plate assembly during cytokinesis in Arabidopsis.

Author

Jaber E, Thiele K, Kindzierski V, Loderer C, Rybak K, Jürgens G, Mayer U, Söllner R, Wanner G, and Assaad FF

Subjects
Alleles, Arabidopsis embryology, Arabidopsis ultrastructure, Conserved Sequence, Meristem cytology, Meristem metabolism, Meristem ultrastructure, Multiprotein Complexes metabolism, Mutagenesis, Insertional genetics, Mutation genetics, Phenotype, Pollen metabolism, Protein Subunits metabolism, Seedlings metabolism, Seeds cytology, Seeds metabolism, Seeds ultrastructure, Arabidopsis cytology, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Cytokinesis
Abstract

*At the end of the cell cycle, the plant cell wall is deposited within a membrane compartment referred to as the cell plate. Little is known about the biogenesis of this transient membrane compartment. *We have positionally cloned and characterized a novel Arabidopsis gene, CLUB, identified by mutation. *CLUB/AtTRS130 encodes a putative TRAPPII tethering factor. club mutants are seedling-lethal and have a canonical cytokinesis-defective phenotype, characterized by the appearance of bi- or multinucleate cells with cell wall stubs, gaps and floating walls. Confocal microscopy showed that in club mutants, KNOLLE-positive vesicles formed and accumulated at the cell equator throughout cytokinesis, but failed to assemble into a cell plate. Similarly, electron micrographs showed large vesicles loosely connected as patchy, incomplete cell plates in club root tips. Neither the formation of KNOLLE-positive vesicles nor the delivery of these vesicles to the cell equator appeared to be perturbed in club mutants. Thus, the primary defect in club mutants appears to be an impairment in cell plate assembly. *As a putative tethering factor required for cell plate biogenesis, CLUB/AtTRS130 helps to define the identity of this membrane compartment and comprises an important handle on the regulation of cell plate assembly.

Published
2010
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161. Trehalose biosynthesis is involved in sporulation of Stagonospora nodorum.

Author

Lowe RG, Lord M, Rybak K, Trengove RD, Oliver RP, and Solomon PS

Subjects
Ascomycota growth & development, Ascomycota metabolism, Ascomycota pathogenicity, Biosynthetic Pathways genetics, Fungal Proteins genetics, Gene Deletion, Glucosyltransferases genetics, Phylogeny, Plant Leaves microbiology, Sequence Homology, Triticum microbiology, Virulence, Ascomycota physiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Spores, Fungal growth & development, Trehalose biosynthesis
Abstract

Stagonospora nodorum is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that is the causal agent of leaf and glume blotch on wheat. S. nodorum is a polycyclic pathogen, whereby rain-splashed pycnidiospores attach to and colonise wheat tissue and subsequently sporulate again within 2-3weeks. As several cycles of infection are needed for a damaging infection, asexual sporulation is a critical phase of its infection cycle. A non-targeted metabolomics screen for sporulation-associated metabolites identified that trehalose accumulated significantly in concert with asexual sporulation both in vitro and in planta. A reverse-genetics approach was used to investigate the role of trehalose in asexual sporulation. Trehalose biosynthesis was disrupted by deletion of the gene Tps1, encoding a trehalose 6-phosphate synthase, resulting in almost total loss of trehalose during in vitro growth and in planta. In addition, lesion development and pycnidia formation were also significantly reduced in tps1 mutants. Reintroduction of the Tps1 gene restored trehalose biosynthesis, pathogenicity and sporulation to wild-type levels. Microscopic examination of tps1 infected wheat leaves showed that pycnidial formation often halted at an early stage of development. Further examination of the tps1 phenotype revealed that tps1 pycnidiospores exhibited a reduced germination rate while under heat stress, and tps1 mutants had a reduced growth rate while under oxidative stress. This study confirms a link between trehalose biosynthesis and pathogen fitness in S.nodorum.

Published
2009
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162. [Training requirements for transvenous implantation of pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators].

Author

Hemmer W, Rybak K, Markewitz A, Israel C, Krämer LI, Neuzner J, Nowak B, Pfeiffer D, Schuchert A, and Wiegand U

Subjects
Cardiac Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Curriculum, Electric Countershock adverse effects, Humans, Operating Rooms organization & administration, Postoperative Care, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Quality Control, Treatment Outcome, Cardiac Surgical Procedures education, Cardiac Surgical Procedures instrumentation, Defibrillators, Implantable, Education, Medical, Electric Countershock instrumentation, Pacemaker, Artificial
Abstract

Therapy with implantable pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), and devices for cardiac resynchronization (CRT) is performed by various medical and surgical specialists. With the change from implantation by thoracotomy to the transvenous approach, an increasing number of devices are implanted by cardiologists. The purpose of this paper is to establish training requirements for transvenous device therapy, implantation and follow-up examinations, regardless of the implanting person, an internist, cardiologist, general surgeon, or cardiothoracic surgeon. Epicardial lead placement should be performed only by surgeons. Two levels of training topics are defined, level 1 for pacemakers and level 2 for ICD and CRT devices. Surgery that involves the implantation of foreign material should demand the highest standards of operating rooms design and environment. Catheter laboratories used for implantations should meet operating room standards. Complications need to be documented carefully for quality control.

Published
2009
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163. A metabolomic approach to dissecting osmotic stress in the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum.

Author

Lowe RG, Lord M, Rybak K, Trengove RD, Oliver RP, and Solomon PS

Subjects
Amino Acids biosynthesis, Ascomycota enzymology, Ascomycota genetics, Fungal Proteins genetics, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Osmotic Pressure, Sodium Chloride metabolism, Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases genetics, Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases metabolism, Sugar Alcohols metabolism, Ascomycota metabolism, Plant Diseases microbiology, Triticum microbiology
Abstract

A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to identify significant changes in metabolism upon exposure of the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum to 0.5M NaCl. The polyol arabitol, and to a lesser extent glycerol, was found to accumulate in response to the osmotic stress treatment. Amino acid synthesis was strongly down-regulated whilst mannitol levels were unaffected. A reverse genetic approach was undertaken to dissect the role of arabitol metabolism during salt stress. Strains of S. nodorum lacking a gene encoding an l-arabitol dehydrogenase (abd1), a xylitol dehydrogenase (xdh1) and a double-mutant lacking both genes (abd1xdh1) were exposed to salt and the intracellular metabolites analysed. Arabitol levels were significantly up-regulated upon salt stress in the xdh1 strains but were significantly lower than the wild-type. Arabitol was not significantly different in either the abd1 or the abd1xdh1 strains during osmotic stress but the concentration of glycerol was significantly higher indicating a compensatory mechanism in operation. Genome sequence analysis identified a second possible enzyme capable of synthesizing arabitol explaining the basal level of arabitol present in the abd1xdh1 strains. This study identified that arabitol is the primary compatible solute in S. nodorum but in-built levels of redundancy are present allowing the fungus to tolerate osmotic stress.

Published
2008
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164. Investigating the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in Stagonospora nodorum.

Author

Solomon PS, Rybak K, Trengove RD, and Oliver RP

Subjects
Ascomycota growth & development, Ascomycota metabolism, Blotting, Southern, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases metabolism, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases physiology, Fungal Proteins genetics, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal genetics, Mannitol metabolism, Models, Genetic, Mutation genetics, Phylogeny, Plant Leaves microbiology, Spores, Fungal genetics, Spores, Fungal metabolism, Ascomycota genetics, Calcium metabolism, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases genetics
Abstract

Three genes encoding different Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases have been characterized in the wheat phytopathogenic fungus Stagonospora nodorum. The kinases were identified from the S. nodorum genome sequence on the basis of sequence homology to known Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Expression analysis determined that each of the kinases was expressed during growth in vitro and also during infection. The onset of sporulation triggered increased transcript levels of each of the kinases, particularly CpkA where an 11-fold increase in expression was observed during sporulation in planta. The role of the kinases was further determined via a reverse genetics approach. The disruption of CpkA affected vegetative growth in vitro and also sporulation. The cpkA strains produced 20-fold less spores on complex media and were unable to sporulate on defined minimal media. Infection assays showed that CpkA was not required for lesion development but was essential for sporulation at the completion of the infection cycle. Microscopic analysis revealed that the disruption of CpkA resulted in Stagonospora nodorum being unable to differentiate the mycelial knot into immature pycnidia during sporulation. A metabolite analysis of infected leaves during sporulation excluded the possible involvement of mannitol, a compound previously shown to be involved in the sporulation of Stagonospora nodorum. The disruption of CpkB did not effect growth in vitro or pathogenicity. Stagonospora nodorum strains lacking CpkC appeared unaffected during growth in planta but showed delayed lesion development and sporulation during infection.

Published
2006
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165. [The traumatic amputation of the forearm complicated by pneumocephalus].

Author

Prowans P, Deskur Z, Bednarski M, and Rybak K

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Male, Amputation, Traumatic complications, Forearm Injuries etiology, Pneumocephalus etiology
Abstract

The case of 37-year old man is reported who had traumatic amputation of the right forearm together with brachial plexus and cervical roots and third right rib fracture without pneumothorax. Due to a large damage of the limb replantation was dropped and only surgical elaboration of the wound was made. A few hours after the operation, dyspnoe and headache appeared. New x-ray picture showed right pneumothorax and pneumocephalus with continuing air shadow in cervical vertebral canal. In our opinion the air from pleura might go through cervical intramuscular space to the holes in dura after avulsed roots causing pneumocephalus.

Published
1998

170. [Calcification of menisci of the knee joint].

Author

Zwierzchowska D and Rybak K

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Calcinosis etiology, Cartilage Diseases etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Radiography, Calcinosis diagnostic imaging, Cartilage Diseases diagnostic imaging, Menisci, Tibial diagnostic imaging
Published
1980

174. [Risk factors in the development of secondary coxarthrosis].

Author

Rybak K and Zwierzchowski H

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Female, Hip Dislocation, Congenital complications, Hip Fractures complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Wound Infection complications, Hip Joint, Osteoarthritis etiology
Published
1985

176. Cephalosporins.

Subjects
*CEPHALOSPORINS, *ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
Abstract

Presents several abstracts on cephalosporins. 'In vitro Activity of Cefoperazone Against Enterobacteria Isolates,' by A. Poiata, L. Grigore, I. Badicut and D. Buiuc; 'Activity of Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime and Cefepime Against ESBL Producing Enterobacteriaceae,' by B. Rybak, K. Przedpelska, E. Dziemaszkiewicz, L. Naumiuk and A. Samet.

Published
2001

177. Anticoagulant selection in relation to the SAMe-TT2R2 score in patients with atrial fibrillation. the GLORIA-AF registry

Author

George Ntaios, Menno V. Huisman, Hans-Christoph Diener, Jonathan L. Halperin, Christine Teutsch, Sabrina Marler, Venkatesh K. Gurusamy, Milla Thompson, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Brian Olshansky, Dzifa Wosornu Abban, Nasser Abdul, Atilio Marcelo Abud, Fran Adams, Srinivas Addala, Pedro Adragão, Walter Ageno, Rajesh Aggarwal, Sergio Agosti, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Francisco Aguilar, Julio Aguilar Linares, Luis Aguinaga, Jameel Ahmed, Allessandro Aiello, Paul Ainsworth, Jorge Roberto Aiub, Raed Al-Dallow, Lisa Alderson, Jorge Antonio Aldrete Velasco, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Fernando Alfonso Manterola, Pareed Aliyar, David Alonso, Fernando Augusto Alves da Costa, José Amado, Walid Amara, Mathieu Amelot, Nima Amjadi, Fabrizio Ammirati, Marianna Andrade, Nabil Andrawis, Giorgio Annoni, Gerardo Ansalone, M.Kevin Ariani, Juan Carlos Arias, Sébastien Armero, Chander Arora, Muhammad Shakil Aslam, M. Asselman, Philippe Audouin, Charles Augenbraun, S. Aydin, Ivaneta Ayryanova, Emad Aziz, Luciano Marcelo Backes, E. Badings, Ermentina Bagni, Seth H. Baker, Richard Bala, Antonio Baldi, Shigenobu Bando, Subhash Banerjee, Alan Bank, Gonzalo Barón Esquivias, Craig Barr, Maria Bartlett, Vanja Basic Kes, Giovanni Baula, Steffen Behrens, Alan Bell, Raffaella Benedetti, Juan Benezet Mazuecos, Bouziane Benhalima, Jutta Bergler-Klein, Jean-Baptiste Berneau, Richard A. Bernstein, Percy Berrospi, Sergio Berti, Andrea Berz, Elizabeth Best, Paulo Bettencourt, Robert Betzu, Ravi Bhagwat, Luna Bhatta, Francesco Biscione, Giovanni BISIGNANI, Toby Black, Michael J. Bloch, Stephen Bloom, Edwin Blumberg, Mario Bo, Ellen Bøhmer, Andreas Bollmann, Maria Grazia Bongiorni, Giuseppe Boriani, D.J. Boswijk, Jochen Bott, Edo Bottacchi, Marica Bracic Kalan, Drew Bradman, Donald Brautigam, Nicolas Breton, P.J.A.M. Brouwers, Kevin Browne, Jordi Bruguera Cortada, A. Bruni, Claude Brunschwig, Hervé Buathier, Aurélie Buhl, John Bullinga, Jose Walter Cabrera, Alberto Caccavo, Shanglang Cai, Sarah Caine, Leonardo Calò, Valeria Calvi, Mauricio Camarillo Sánchez, Rui Candeias, Vincenzo Capuano, Alessandro Capucci, Ronald Caputo, Tatiana Cárdenas Rizo, Francisco Cardona, Francisco Carlos da Costa Darrieux, Yan Carlos Duarte Vera, Antonio Carolei, Susana Carreño, Paula Carvalho, Susanna Cary, Gavino Casu, Claudio Cavallini, Guillaume Cayla, Aldo Celentano, Tae-Joon Cha, Kwang Soo Cha, Jei Keon Chae, Kathrine Chalamidas, Krishnan Challappa, Sunil Prakash Chand, Harinath Chandrashekar, Ludovic Chartier, Kausik Chatterjee, Carlos Antero Chavez Ayala, Aamir Cheema, Amjad Cheema, Lin Chen, Shih-Ann Chen, Jyh Hong Chen, Fu-Tien Chiang, Francesco Chiarella, Lin Chih-Chan, Yong Keun Cho, Jong-Il Choi, Dong Ju Choi, Guy Chouinard, Danny Hoi-Fan Chow, Dimitrios Chrysos, Galina Chumakova, Eduardo Julián José Roberto Chuquiure Valenzuela, Nicoleta Cindea Nica, David J. Cislowski, Anthony Clay, Piers Clifford, Andrew Cohen, Michael Cohen, Serge Cohen, Furio Colivicchi, Ronan Collins, Paolo Colonna, Steve Compton, Derek Connolly, Alberto Conti, Gabriel Contreras Buenostro, Gregg Coodley, Martin Cooper, Julian Coronel, Giovanni Corso, Juan Cosín Sales, Yves Cottin, John Covalesky, Aurel Cracan, Filippo Crea, Peter Crean, James Crenshaw, Tina Cullen, Harald Darius, Patrick Dary, Olivier Dascotte, Ira Dauber, Vicente Davalos, Ruth Davies, Gershan Davis, Jean-Marc Davy, Mark Dayer, Marzia De Biasio, Silvana De Bonis, Raffaele De Caterina, Teresiano De Franceschi, J.R. de Groot, José De Horta, Axel De La Briolle, Gilberto de la Pena Topete, Angelo Amato Vicenzo de Paola, Weimar de Souza, A. de Veer, Luc De Wolf, Eric Decoulx, Sasalu Deepak, Pascal Defaye, Freddy Del-Carpio Munoz, Diana Delic Brkljacic, N. Joseph Deumite, Silvia Di Legge, Igor Diemberger, Denise Dietz, Pedro Dionísio, Qiang Dong, Fabio Rossi dos Santos, Elena Dotcheva, Rami Doukky, Anthony D'Souza, Simon Dubrey, Xavier Ducrocq, Dmitry Dupljakov, Mauricio Duque, Dipankar Dutta, Nathalie Duvilla, A. Duygun, Rainer Dziewas, Charles B. Eaton, William Eaves, L.A. Ebels-Tuinbeek, Clifford Ehrlich, Sabine Eichinger-Hasenauer, Steven J. Eisenberg, Adnan El Jabali, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mauro Esteves Hernandes, Ana Etxeberria Izal, Rudolph Evonich, Oksana Evseeva, Andrey Ezhov, Raed Fahmy, Quan Fang, Ramin Farsad, Laurent Fauchier, Stefano Favale, Maxime Fayard, Jose Luis Fedele, Francesco Fedele, Olga Fedorishina, Steven R. Fera, Luis Gustavo Gomes Ferreira, Jorge Ferreira, Claudio Ferri, Anna Ferrier, Hugo Ferro, Alexandra Finsen, Brian First, Stuart Fischer, Catarina Fonseca, Luísa Fonseca Almeida, Steven Forman, Brad Frandsen, William French, Keith Friedman, Athena Friese, Ana Gabriela Fruntelata, Shigeru Fujii, Stefano Fumagalli, Marta Fundamenski, Yutaka Furukawa, Matthias Gabelmann, Nashwa Gabra, Niels Gadsbøll, Michel Galinier, Anders Gammelgaard, Priya Ganeshkumar, Christopher Gans, Antonio Garcia Quintana, Olivier Gartenlaub, Achille Gaspardone, Conrad Genz, Frédéric Georger, Jean-Louis Georges, Steven Georgeson, Evaldas Giedrimas, Mariusz Gierba, Ignacio Gil Ortega, Eve Gillespie, Alberto Giniger, Michael C. Giudici, Alexandros Gkotsis, Taya V. Glotzer, Joachim Gmehling, Jacek Gniot, Peter Goethals, Seth Goldbarg, Ronald Goldberg, Britta Goldmann, Sergey Golitsyn, Silvia Gómez, Juan Gomez Mesa, Vicente Bertomeu Gonzalez, Jesus Antonio Gonzalez Hermosillo, Víctor Manuel González López, Hervé Gorka, Charles Gornick, Diana Gorog, Venkat Gottipaty, Pascal Goube, Ioannis Goudevenos, Brett Graham, G. Stephen Greer, Uwe Gremmler, Paul G. Grena, Martin Grond, Edoardo Gronda, Gerian Grönefeld, Xiang Gu, Ivett Guadalupe Torres Torres, Gabriele Guardigli, Carolina Guevara, Alexandre Guignier, Michele Gulizia, Michael Gumbley, Albrecht Günther, Andrew Ha, Georgios Hahalis, Joseph Hakas, Christian Hall, Bing Han, Seongwook Han, Joe Hargrove, David Hargroves, Kenneth B. Harris, Tetsuya Haruna, Emil Hayek, Jeff Healey, Steven Hearne, Michael Heffernan, Geir Heggelund, J.A. Heijmeriks, Maarten Hemels, I. Hendriks, Sam Henein, Sung-Ho Her, Paul Hermany, Jorge Eduardo Hernández Del Río, Yorihiko Higashino, Michael Hill, Tetsuo Hisadome, Eiji Hishida, Etienne Hoffer, Matthew Hoghton, Kui Hong, Suk keun Hong, Stevie Horbach, Masataka Horiuchi, Yinglong Hou, Jeff Hsing, Chi-Hung Huang, David Huckins, null kathy Hughes, A. Huizinga, E.L. Hulsman, Kuo-Chun Hung, Gyo-Seung Hwang, Margaret Ikpoh, Davide Imberti, Hüseyin Ince, Ciro Indolfi, Shujiro Inoue, Didier Irles, Harukazu Iseki, C. Noah Israel, Bruce Iteld, Venkat Iyer, Ewart Jackson-Voyzey, Naseem Jaffrani, Frank Jäger, Martin James, Sung-Won Jang, Nicolas Jaramillo, Nabil Jarmukli, Robert J. Jeanfreau, Ronald D. 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Raisaro A., Rama B., Ramos R., Ranieri M., Raposo N., Rashba E., Rauch-Kroehnert U., Reddy R., Renda G., Reza S., Ria L., Richter D., Rickli H., Rieker W., Vera T.R., Ritt L.E., Roberts D., Briones I.R., Rodriguez Escudero A.E., Pascual C.R., Roman M., Romeo F., Ronner E., Roux J.-F., Rozkova N., Rubacek M., Rubalcava F., Russo A.M., Rutgers M.P., Rybak K., Said S., Sakamoto T., Salacata A., Salem A., Bodes R.S., Saltzman M.A., Salvioni A., Vallejo G.S., Fernandez M.S., Saporito W.F., Sarikonda K., Sasaoka T., Sati H., Savelieva I., Scala P.-J., Schellinger P., Scherr C., Schmitz L., Schmitz K.-H., Schmitz B., Schnabel T., Schnupp S., Schoeniger P., Schon N., Schwimmbeck P., Seamark C., Searles G., Seidl K.-H., Seidman B., Sek J., Sekaran L., SERRATI C., Shah N., Shah V., Shah A., Shah S., Sharma V.K., Shaw L., Sheikh K.H., Shimizu N., Shimomura H., Shin D.-G., Shin E.-S., Shite J., Sibilio G., Silver F., Sime I., Simmers T.A., Singh N., Siostrzonek P., Smadja D., Smith D.W., Snitman M., Filho D.S., Soda H., Sofley C., Sokal A., Oi Yan Y.S., Sotolongo R., Ferreira de Souza O., Sparby J.A., Spinar J., Sprigings D., Spyropoulos A.C., Stakos D., Steinwender C., Stergiou G., Stiell I., Stoddard M., Stoikov A., Streb W., Styliadis I., Su G., Su X., Sudnik W., Sukles K., Sun X., Swart H., Szavits-Nossan J., Taggeselle J., Takagi Y., Singh Takhar A.P., Tamm A., Tanaka K., Tanawuttiwat T., Tang S., Tang A., Tarsi G., Tassinari T., Tayal A., Tayebjee M., Berg J.M.T., Tesloianu D., The S.H.K., Thomas D., Timsit S., Tobaru T., Tomasik A.R., Torosoff M., Touze E., Trendafilova E., Tsai W.K., Tse H.F., Tsutsui H., Tu T.M., Tuininga Y., Turakhia M., Turk S., Tcurner W., Tveit A., Tytus R., Valadao C., van Bergen P.F.M.M., van de Borne P., van den Berg B.J., van der Zwaan C., Van Eck M., Vanacker P., Vasilev D., Vasilikos V., Vasilyev M., Veerareddy S., Mino M.V., Venkataraman A., Verdecchia P., Versaci F., Vester E.G., Vial H., Victory J., Villamil A., Vincent M., Vlastaris A., Dahl J.V., Vora K., Vranian R.B., Wakefield P., Wang N., Wang M., Wang X., Wang F., Wang T., Warner A.L., Watanabe K., Wei J., Weimar C., Weiner S., Weinrich R., Wen M.-S., Wiemer M., Wiggers P., Wilke A., Williams D., Williams M.L., Witzenbichler B., Wong B., Lawrence Wong K.S., Wozakowska-Kaplon B., Wu S., Wu R.C., Wunderlich S., Wyatt N., Wylie J.J., Xu Y., Xu X., Yamanoue H., Yamashita T., Bryan Yan P.Y., Yang T., Yao J., Yeh K.-H., Yin W.H., Yotov Y., Zahn R., Zarich S., Zenin S., Zeuthen E.L., Zhang H., Zhang D., Zhang X., Zhang P., Zhang J., Zhao S.P., Zhao Y., Zhao Z., Zheng Y., Zhou J., Zimmermann S., Zini A., Zizzo S., Zong W., and Zukerman L.S.

Subjects
Oral, medicine.medical_specialty, anticoagulants, Vitamin K, medicine.drug_class, Medizin, Administration, Oral, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Antithrombotic treatment, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Antithrombotic, medicine, non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulant, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Humans, SAMe-TT2R2, In patient, atrial fibrillation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Registries, Medical prescription, business.industry, Anticoagulant, non-vitamin-K antagonist oral, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants, Clinical trial, Stroke, Treatment Outcome, SAMe-TT, RC666-701, 2, R, vitamin-K-antagonist oral anticoagulants, Administration, Settore MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE, SAMe-TT R, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

CA extern - Weitere Nicht-UDE-Autoren sind nicht genannt. Aim: The SAMe-TT2R2 score helps identify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) likely to have poor anticoagulation control during anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and those with scores >2 might be better managed with a target-specific oral anticoagulant (NOAC). We hypothesized that in clinical practice, VKAs may be prescribed less frequently to patients with AF and SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 than to patients with lower scores. Methods and results: We analyzed the Phase III dataset of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF), a large, global, prospective global registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF and ≥1 stroke risk factor. We compared baseline clinical characteristics and antithrombotic prescriptions to determine the probability of the VKA prescription among anticoagulated patients with the baseline SAMe-TT2R2 score >2 and ≤ 2. Among 17,465 anticoagulated patients with AF, 4,828 (27.6%) patients were prescribed VKA and 12,637 (72.4%) patients an NOAC: 11,884 (68.0%) patients had SAMe-TT2R2 scores 0-2 and 5,581 (32.0%) patients had scores >2. The proportion of patients prescribed VKA was 28.0% among patients with SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 and 27.5% in those with scores ≤2. Conclusions: The lack of a clear association between the SAMe-TT2R2 score and anticoagulant selection may be attributed to the relative efficacy and safety profiles between NOACs and VKAs as well as to the absence of trial evidence that an SAMe-TT2R2-guided strategy for the selection of the type of anticoagulation in NVAF patients has an impact on clinical outcomes of efficacy and safety. The latter hypothesis is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov//Unique identifier: NCT01937377, NCT01468701, and NCT01671007. © 2020 Hellenic Society of Cardiology

Published
2021

178. Design of Healthy Snack Based on Kiwifruit

Author

Marco Dalla Rosa, Katarzyna Rybak, Massimo Mozzon, Kinga Drozdzal, Malgorzata Nowacka, Urszula Tylewicz, Tylewicz U., Nowacka M., Rybak K., Drozdzal K., Dalla Rosa M., and Mozzon M.

Subjects
Antioxidant, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, medicine.medical_treatment, Pharmaceutical Science, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, Ascorbic Acid, Antioxidants, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Spinacia oleracea, Drug Discovery, Food science, 0303 health sciences, biology, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, Bioactive compound, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Molecular Medicine, Nutritive Value, Polyphenol, Actinidia, Fragaria, Article, lcsh:QD241-441, 03 medical and health sciences, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, lcsh:Organic chemistry, snack, kiwifruit, medicine, Humans, Air drying, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Sugar, polyphenols, bioactive compounds, Vitamin C, Plant Extracts, Organic Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Freeze Drying, Foeniculum, chemistry, Fruit, flavonoids, Flavonoid, Food Technology, Spinach, Snacks
Abstract

Kiwifruit is an excellent source of vitamin C and other bioactive compounds, which contribute to its high antioxidant activity. However, the fruits with small size and low weight are considered waste and are unprofitable, therefore, the production of healthy kiwifruit-based dried snacks, which contain a lot of health-beneficial ingredients, could be a viable alternative for their use. The aim of this study was to develop formulations and methods to produce attractive and nutritionally valuable dried snacks based on yellow kiwifruit. Three different puree formulations (kiwifruit, fennel, and strawberry, lemon, or spinach) with or without addition of sugar were subjected to two drying methods: freeze-drying (fruit bars) and conventional hot air drying (fruit leathers). The obtained products were analysed for their content of total polyphenols (TPs), flavonoids, and vitamin C, as well as their antioxidant activity. The results showed that snacks prepared by freeze-drying (fruit bars) presented higher TP, vitamin C, and flavonoids content than those prepared by convective drying, however, the antioxidant activity did not always follow this trend. The amount of bioactive compounds depended on the formulation used for the preparation of snacks. The effect of the sugar addition seems to be strictly related to the mix used and specific bioactive compound investigated.

Published
2020
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179. The Impact of Pulsed Electric Field on the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Beetroot

Author

Agnieszka Miszczykowska, Jakub Czyżewski, Artur Wiktor, Kinga Drozdzal, Katarzyna Rybak, Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert, Silvia Tappi, Malgorzata Nowacka, Urszula Tylewicz, Nowacka M., Tappi S., Wiktor A., Rybak K., Miszczykowska A., Czyzewski J., Drozdzal K., Witrowa-Rajchert D., and Tylewicz U.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Health (social science), Membrane permeability, red beet, Plant Science, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Health Professions (miscellaneous), Microbiology, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Nitrate, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 010608 biotechnology, Electric field, Betalain, pulsed electric field, lcsh:TP1-1185, Food science, Carotenoid, Betanin, chemistry.chemical_classification, bioactive compounds, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, Vulgaxanthin, chemistry, extraction, Bioactive compound, Food Science
Abstract

Beetroot is a root vegetable rich in different bioactive components, such as vitamins, minerals, phenolics, carotenoids, nitrate, ascorbic acids, and betalains, that can have a positive effect on human health. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the pulsed electric field (PEF) at different electric field strengths (4.38 and 6.25 kV/cm), pulse number 10&ndash, 30, and energy input 0&ndash, 12.5 kJ/kg as a pretreatment method on the extraction of betalains from beetroot. The obtained results showed that the application of PEF pre-treatment significantly (p &lt, 0.05) influenced the efficiency of extraction of bioactive compounds from beetroot. The highest increase in the content of betalain compounds in the red beet&rsquo, s extract (betanin by 329%, vulgaxanthin by 244%, compared to the control sample), was noted for 20 pulses of electric field at 4.38 kV/cm of strength. Treatment of the plant material with a PEF also resulted in an increase in the electrical conductivity compared to the non-treated sample due to the increase in cell membrane permeability, which was associated with leakage of substances able to conduct electricity, including mineral salts, into the intercellular space.

Published
2019
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180. Water state and sugars in cranberry fruits subjected to combined treatments: Cutting, blanching and sonication

Author

Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert, Luca Laghi, Katarzyna Rybak, Malgorzata Nowacka, Urszula Tylewicz, Marco Dalla Rosa, Nowacka M., Laghi L., Rybak K., Dalla Rosa M., Witrowa-Rajchert D., and Tylewicz U.

Subjects
Osmosis, Sucrose, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Water state, Blanching, Sonication, Cranberrie, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Food Preservation, Ultrasound, Food science, Desiccation, TD-NMR, Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, 010401 analytical chemistry, Temperature, Water, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Penetration (firestop), Microstructure, 040401 food science, Mass exchange, 0104 chemical sciences, Vaccinium macrocarpon, chemistry, Cutting, Fruit, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Sugars, Food Science, Osmotic dehydration
Abstract

To ease the mass exchange in fruit tissues, cutting and blanching are traditionally performed. However, recently, unconventional methods such as sonication are becoming more popular, which cause several alterations of physical and chemical properties as well as microstructure changes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the distribution of water inside the cranberry fruits, microstructural changes and sugars content, following traditional and sonication pre-treatments in osmotic solutions. TD-NMR spectroscopy was used to measure the transverse relaxation time (T2) and intensity of proton pools in different cellular compartments. The microstructure of the samples was evaluated by SEM microscopy, sugars content by HPLC and sucrose melting temperature and enthalpy by DSC. Different pre-treatments appeared to promote microstructure alterations and loss of water from vacuole and cytoplasm/extracellular space, more pronounced in cut and blanched samples. Cutting and blanching followed by osmotic dehydration with assisted sonication eased sucrose penetration into the tissue.

Published
2019
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182. Low Amplitude Boom-and-Bust Cycles Define the Septoria Nodorum Blotch Interaction

Author

Phan, Huyen T. T., Jones, Darcy, Rybak, Kasia, Dodhia, Kejal, Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco, Valade, R., Gout, L., Lebrun, M.H., Brunner, P.C., Oliver, Richard, Tan, Kar-Chun, Phan, Huyen T. T., Jones, Darcy, Rybak, Kasia, Dodhia, Kejal, Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco, Valade, R., Gout, L., Lebrun, M.H., Brunner, P.C., Oliver, Richard, and Tan, Kar-Chun

Abstract

Introduction: Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is a complex fungal disease of wheat caused by the Dothideomycete fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. The fungus infects through the use of necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that cause necrosis on hosts carrying matching dominant susceptibility genes. The Western Australia (WA) wheatbelt is a SNB “hot spot” and experiences significant under favorable conditions. Consequently, SNB has been a major target for breeders in WA for many years. Materials and Methods: In this study, we assembled a panel of 155 WA P. nodorum isolates collected over a 44-year period and compared them to 23 isolates from France and the USA using 28 SSR loci. Results: The WA P. nodorum population was clustered into five groups with contrasting properties. 80% of the studied isolates were assigned to two core groups found throughout the collection location and time. The other three non-core groups that encompassed transient and emergent populations were found in restricted locations and time. Changes in group genotypes occurred during periods that coincided with the mass adoption of a single or a small group of widely planted wheat cultivars. When introduced, these cultivars had high scores for SNB resistance. However, the field resistance of these new cultivars often declined over subsequent seasons prompting their replacement with new, more resistant varieties. Pathogenicity assays showed that newly emerged isolates non-core are more pathogenic than old isolates. It is likely that the non-core groups were repeatedly selected for increased virulence on the contemporary popular cultivars. Discussion: The low level of genetic diversity within the non-core groups, difference in virulence, low abundance, and restriction to limited locations suggest that these populations more vulnerable to a population crash when the cultivar was replaced by one that was genetically different and more resistant. We characterize the observed pattern as a low-amplitude boo

Published
2020

183. A specific fungal transcription factor controls effector gene expression and orchestrates the establishment of the necrotrophic pathogen lifestyle on wheat

Author

Jones, Darcy, John, Evan, Rybak, Kasia, Phan, Huyen T. T., Singh, Karam, Lin, S.Y., Solomon, P.S., Oliver, Richard, Tan, Kar-Chun, Jones, Darcy, John, Evan, Rybak, Kasia, Phan, Huyen T. T., Singh, Karam, Lin, S.Y., Solomon, P.S., Oliver, Richard, and Tan, Kar-Chun

Abstract

The fungus Parastagonospora nodorum infects wheat through the use of necrotrophic effector (NE) proteins that cause host-specific tissue necrosis. The Zn Cys transcription factor PnPf2 positively regulates NE gene expression and is required for virulence on wheat. Little is known about other downstream targets of PnPf2. We compared the transcriptomes of the P. nodorum wildtype and a strain deleted in PnPf2 (pf2-69) during in vitro growth and host infection to further elucidate targets of PnPf2 signalling. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed (DE) genes revealed that genes associated with plant cell wall degradation and proteolysis were enriched in down-regulated DE gene sets in pf2-69 compared to SN15. In contrast, genes associated with redox control, nutrient and ion transport were up-regulated in the mutant. Further analysis of the DE gene set revealed that PnPf2 positively regulates twelve genes that encode effector-like proteins. Two of these genes encode proteins with homology to previously characterised effectors in other fungal phytopathogens. In addition to modulating effector gene expression, PnPf2 may play a broader role in the establishment of a necrotrophic lifestyle by orchestrating the expression of genes associated with plant cell wall degradation and nutrient assimilation. 2 6

Published
2019

184. Pan-parastagonospora comparative genome analysis-effector prediction and genome evolution

Author

Syme, Robert, Tan, Kar-Chun, Rybak, Katarzyna, Friesen, T., McDonald, B., Oliver, Richard, Hane, James, Syme, Robert, Tan, Kar-Chun, Rybak, Katarzyna, Friesen, T., McDonald, B., Oliver, Richard, and Hane, James

Abstract

We report a fungal pan-genome study involving Parastagonospora spp., including 21 isolates of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum, 10 of the grass-infecting Parastagonospora avenae, and 2 of a closely related undefined sister species. We observed substantial variation in the distribution of polymorphisms across the pan-genome, including repeat-induced point mutations, diversifying selection and gene gains and losses.We also discovered chromosome-scale inter and intraspecific presence/absence variation of some sequences, suggesting the occurrence of one or more accessory chromosomes or regions that may play a role in host-pathogen interactions. The presence of known pathogenicity effector loci SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3 varied substantially among isolates. Three P. nodorum isolates lacked functional versions for all three loci, whereas three P. avenae isolates carried one or both of the SnTox1 and SnTox3 genes, indicating previously unrecognized potential for discovering additional effectors in the P. nodorum-wheat pathosystem. We utilized the pangenomic comparative analysis to improve the prediction of pathogenicity effector candidates, recovering the three confirmed effectors among our top-ranked candidates. We propose applying this pan-genomic approach to identify the effector repertoire involved in other host-microbe interactions involving necrotrophic pathogens in the Pezizomycotina.

Published
2018

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