2,912 results on '"Room, Robin"'
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302. Summarising the impacts of the Queensland Alcohol‐related violence and Night‐Time Economy (QUANTEM) project
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Miller, Peter G., primary, Coomber, Kerri, additional, de Andrade, Dominique, additional, Livingston, Michael, additional, Puljević, Cheneal, additional, Vakidis, Thea, additional, Carah, Nicholas, additional, Taylor, Nicholas, additional, Burn, Michele, additional, Curtis, Ashlee, additional, Room, Robin, additional, Clough, Alan, additional, Najman, Jake, additional, Scott, Debbie, additional, Mayshak, Richelle, additional, and Ferris, Jason, additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
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303. Changing risky drinking practices in different types of social worlds: concepts and experiences
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Room, Robin, primary, MacLean, Sarah, additional, Pennay, Amy, additional, Dwyer, Robyn, additional, Turner, Karen, additional, and Saleeba, Emma, additional
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- 2021
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304. Queensland Alcohol‐related violence and Night‐time Economy Monitoring (QUANTEM): Rationale and overview
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Miller, Peter G., primary, Coomber, Kerri, additional, de Andrade, Dominique, additional, Livingston, Michael, additional, Puljević, Cheneal, additional, Vakidis, Thea, additional, Carah, Nicholas, additional, Taylor, Nicholas, additional, Burn, Michele, additional, Curtis, Ashlee, additional, Chikritzhs, Tanya, additional, Room, Robin, additional, Clough, Alan, additional, Najman, Jake, additional, Scott, Debbie, additional, Mayshak, Richelle, additional, and Ferris, Jason, additional
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- 2021
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305. Prediagnosis alcohol intake and metachronous cancer risk in cancer survivors: A prospective cohort study
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Jayasekara, Harindra, primary, Hodge, Allison M., additional, Haydon, Andrew, additional, Room, Robin, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, English, Dallas R., additional, Smith‐Warner, Stephanie A., additional, Giles, Graham G., additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, and MacInnis, Robert J., additional
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- 2021
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306. No level has primacy in what is called addiction: “addiction is a social disease” would be just as tenable
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Room, Robin, primary
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- 2021
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307. ‘Social health’, ‘physical health’, and well-being: Analysing with bourdieusian concepts the interplay between the practices of heavy drinking and exercise among young people
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Törrönen, Jukka, primary, Samuelsson, Eva, additional, Roumeliotis, Filip, additional, Room, Robin, additional, and Kraus, Ludwig, additional
- Published
- 2021
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308. Subgroups of adults who drink alcohol at low���risk levels: Diverse drinking patterns and demography
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Mugavin, Janette, MacLean, Sarah, Room, Robin, and Callinan, Sarah
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mental disorders ,Uncategorized - Abstract
Introduction: A significant minority of Australians drink within the 2009 national guidelines. Despite encouragement of low-risk drinking as opposed to consumption patterns associated with greater harm, little is known about the drinking patterns of this group. This paper identifies subgroups of low-risk drinkers and their distinguishable characteristics. Methods: Data were sourced from the 2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, specifically 8492 adults (18+) who consumed 1���730 Australian standard drinks (ASD; 10 g ethanol) in the past year, and never 5+ ASD on a single occasion. Cluster analysis enabled identification of subgroups from drinking variables. Drinking patterns, socio-demographic characteristics, drinking context and alcohol-related perceptions of subgroups were examined. Results: Three subgroups were identified. Special occasion drinkers (64.6%) drank low to moderate amounts very infrequently. Regular moderates (19.6%) and Regular sippers (15.8%) drank 5���6 days a week on average, with the average number of ASD per day 1.2 and 0.5, respectively. Special occasion drinkers tended to be younger than members of more regular drinking subgroups. Perceptions of regular alcohol use also differed between Special occasion drinkers and members of the other subgroups. Discussion: Alcohol consumption patterns among low-risk drinkers are not homogeneous. Younger drinkers who consume at low-risk levels are more likely to report infrequent consumption than moderate regular consumption. A better understanding of low-risk drinkers may help increase the prominence and acceptability of this type of drinking, challenge the normativity of heavier drinking norms and help target campaigns as new information emerges on health risks associated with low-level drinking.
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- 2021
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309. Who or what do young adults hold responsible for men's drunken violence?
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MacLean, Sarah, Demant, J, and Room, Robin
- Subjects
Uncategorized - Abstract
Background: Men are more likely than women to perpetrate serious violence when they have consumed alcohol, but alcohol does not affect all men in the same way. This paper considers young adults��� attribution about agency (the capacity to act) in men's drunken violence. Methods: Interviews about alcohol use in night-time venues, streets or private parties were conducted with 60 young adults aged 18���24 in Melbourne, Australia, and analysed thematically. Participants included seven men who identified as having initiated violence when drunk. Results: Some interviewees stated that men chose to be violent, or that men's violence when they were drunk was purposeful and therefore involved some component of choice. However, much alcohol-related violence enacted by young men was understood (both by men who reported violence and by other young adults) as impelled by forces outside their control. These forces were: diffusely defined effects of drinking alcohol; proclivities of men and masculinity, and the interaction of alcohol and men's bodies to override capacity for judgement and produce an irresistible urge to fight. The latter was at times explained as caused by the mutually reinforcing actions of alcohol and testosterone, providing a particularly persuasive account of men's violence as biologically-determined. Conclusion: These categories encapsulate a set of discursive resources that contribute to the rationalisation, naturalisation and production of men's violence. Participants tended to regard alcohol, masculinities and testosterone as inciting violence predictably and consistently, suggesting that men themselves had relatively little agency over its occurrence. In contrast, research evidence indicates that these actors do not cause violence in any uniform way and that their effects are contingent on changing configurations of factors. Highlighting discrepancies between young adults��� understandings of responsibility for men's drunken violence, and those expressed in research, presents additional opportunities for intervention.
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- 2021
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310. ‘Social health’, ‘physical health’, and well-being: analysing with bourdieusian concepts the interplay between the practices of heavy drinking and exercise among young people
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Törrönen, J, Samuelsson, E, Roumeliotis, F, Room, Robin, and Kraus, L
- Subjects
Uncategorized - Abstract
Background: The article examines the interplay between the practices of heavy drinking and exercise among young people. The comparison helps to clarify why young people are currently drinking less than earlier and how the health-related discourses and activities are modifying young people's heavy drinking practices. Methods: The data is based on interviews (n = 56) in Sweden among 15–17-year-olds and 18–19-year-olds. By drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, and capital, we examine what kinds of resources young people accumulate in the fields of heavy drinking and exercise, how these resources carry symbolic value for distinction, and what kind of health-related habitus they imply. Results: The analysis shows that young people's practices in the social spaces of intoxication and exercise are patterned around the ‘social health’ and ‘physical health’ approaches and shaped by gendered binaries of masculine dominance. The ‘physical health’ approach values capable, high-performative, and attractive bodies, whereas the ‘social health’ approach is oriented towards accumulating social capital. The analysis demonstrates that these approaches affect the interviewees’ everyday life practices so that the ‘physical health’ approach has more power over the ‘social health’ approach in transforming them. Conclusion: As the ‘physical health’ approach appears to modify young people's practices of drinking to be less oriented to intoxication or away from drinking, this may partly explain why young people are drinking less today than earlier. Compared to drinking, the physical health-related social spaces also seem to provide more powerful arenas within which to bolster one's masculine and feminine habitus. This further suggests that intoxication may have lost its symbolic power among young people as a cool activity signalling autonomy, maturity, and transgression of norms.
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- 2021
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311. ���You���re repulsive���: Limits to acceptable drunken comportment for young adults
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MacLean, Sarah, Pennay, Amy, and Room, Robin
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Uncategorized - Abstract
Background Researchers have described a ���culture of intoxication��� among young people. Yet drunkenness remains a socially risky practice with potential to evoke emotions of irritation and even disgust. We consider intoxicated practices that young adults in Melbourne, Australia, described as distasteful, to identify contemporary cultural forces that constrain intoxication and limit how it is enacted. Method Interviews were conducted with 60 participants in Melbourne, Australia, each with recent drinking experience. Participants were asked to provide accounts of moments when they regarded their own or others��� drunken comportment as unsociable or unpleasant. Transcripts were analysed to identify recurrent themes. Results Despite amusement when recounting drunken antics, almost everyone in the study identified some discomfort at their own or other's drunkenness. We describe four interacting domains where lines delineating acceptable comportment appear be drawn. The first concerns intoxicated practices. Unpleasant drunken comportment often entailed a sense that the drunk person had disturbed others through an overflow of the self ��� extruding intimacy, sexuality, violence or bodily fluids. The second domain was gendering, with women vulnerable to being regarded as sexually inappropriate, and men as threatening. Third, the settings where intoxicated behaviour occurred influenced whether intoxicated people risked censure. Finally, the relationships between the drunk person and others, including their respective social positions and drinking patterns, shaped how they were perceived. Conclusion The capacity of alcohol to render people more open to the world is both sought and reviled. It is important to recognise that there remain limits on acceptable drunken comportment, although these are complex and contingent. These limits are enforced via people's affective responses to drunkenness. This is form of alcohol harm reduction that occurs outside of public health intervention. Thus, cultures that constrain drinking should be supported wherever it is possible to do so without reinforcing stigmatising identities.
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- 2021
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312. Effects of question type and order when measuring peak consumption of risky drinking events
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YEUNG, JUN-TING, Livingston, Michael, Callinan, Sarah, Wright, Cassandra, Kuntsche, Emmanuel, Room, Robin, and Dietze, Paul
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111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified ,FOS: Health sciences - Abstract
Peak consumption in this study refers to the highest amount of alcohol consumption over one occasion of heavy drinking in the most recent 12 months. Location-specific questions do not elicit higher estimates than general questions about the total consumed. General questions may be sufficient when surveying about these drinking events.
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- 2021
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313. Drinking contexts and alcohol consumption: How much alcohol is consumed in different Australian locations?
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Callinan, Sarah, Livingston, Michael, Room, Robin, and Dietze, Paul
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education ,mental disorders ,111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified ,FOS: Health sciences - Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine where Australians in different demographic groups and drinker categories consume their alcohol.
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- 2021
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314. Lifetime alcohol intake, drinking patterns over time and risk of stomach cancer : a pooled analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies
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Jayasekara, Harindra, MacInnis, Robert J., Lujan-Barroso, Leila, Mayen-Chacon, Ana-Lucia, Cross, Amanda J., Wallner, Bengt, Palli, Domenico, Ricceri, Fulvio, Pala, Valeria, Panico, Salvatore, Tumino, Rosario, Kühn, Tilman, Kaaks, Rudolf, Tsilidis, Kostas, Sánchez, Maria-Jose, Amiano, Pilar, Ardanaz, Eva, Chirlaque López, María Dolores, Merino, Susana, Rothwell, Joseph A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Severi, Gianluca, Sternby, Hanna, Sonestedt, Emily, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Boeing, Heiner, Travis, Ruth, Sandanger, Torkjel M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Karakatsani, Anna, Peppa, Eleni, Tjønneland, Anne, Yang, Yi, Hodge, Allison M., Mitchell, Hazel, Haydon, Andrew, Room, Robin, Hopper, John L., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Gunter, Marc J., Riboli, Elio, Giles, Graham G., Milne, Roger L., Agudo, Antonio, English, Dallas R., Ferrari, Pietro, Jayasekara, Harindra, MacInnis, Robert J., Lujan-Barroso, Leila, Mayen-Chacon, Ana-Lucia, Cross, Amanda J., Wallner, Bengt, Palli, Domenico, Ricceri, Fulvio, Pala, Valeria, Panico, Salvatore, Tumino, Rosario, Kühn, Tilman, Kaaks, Rudolf, Tsilidis, Kostas, Sánchez, Maria-Jose, Amiano, Pilar, Ardanaz, Eva, Chirlaque López, María Dolores, Merino, Susana, Rothwell, Joseph A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Severi, Gianluca, Sternby, Hanna, Sonestedt, Emily, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Boeing, Heiner, Travis, Ruth, Sandanger, Torkjel M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Karakatsani, Anna, Peppa, Eleni, Tjønneland, Anne, Yang, Yi, Hodge, Allison M., Mitchell, Hazel, Haydon, Andrew, Room, Robin, Hopper, John L., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Gunter, Marc J., Riboli, Elio, Giles, Graham G., Milne, Roger L., Agudo, Antonio, English, Dallas R., and Ferrari, Pietro
- Abstract
Alcohol consumption is causally linked to several cancers but the evidence for stomach cancer is inconclusive. In our study, the association between long-term alcohol intake and risk of stomach cancer and its subtypes was evaluated. We performed a pooled analysis of data collected at baseline from 491 714 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for incident stomach cancer in relation to lifetime alcohol intake and group-based life course intake trajectories, adjusted for potential confounders including Helicobacter pylori infection. In all, 1225 incident stomach cancers (78% noncardia) were diagnosed over 7 094 637 person-years; 984 in 382 957 study participants with lifetime alcohol intake data (5 455 507 person-years). Although lifetime alcohol intake was not associated with overall stomach cancer risk, we observed a weak positive association with noncardia cancer (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06 per 10 g/d increment), with a HR of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.08-2.09) for ≥60 g/d compared to 0.1 to 4.9 g/d. A weak inverse association with cardia cancer (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-1.00) was also observed. HRs of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.10-1.99) for noncardia and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.26-1.03) for cardia cancer were observed for a life course trajectory characterized by heavy decreasing intake compared to light stable intake (Phomogeneity = .02). These associations did not differ appreciably by smoking or H pylori infection status. Limiting alcohol use during lifetime, particularly avoiding heavy use during early adulthood, might help prevent noncardia stomach cancer. Heterogeneous associations observed for cardia and noncardia cancers may indicate etiologic differences.
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- 2021
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315. Purchasing, consumption, demographic and socioeconomic variables associated with shifts in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Callinan, Sarah, Mojica-Perez, Yvette, Wright, Cassandra J. C., Livingston, Michael, Kuntsche, Sandra, Laslett, Anne-Marie, Room, Robin, Kuntsche, Emmanuel, Callinan, Sarah, Mojica-Perez, Yvette, Wright, Cassandra J. C., Livingston, Michael, Kuntsche, Sandra, Laslett, Anne-Marie, Room, Robin, and Kuntsche, Emmanuel
- Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Restrictions introduced to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have had major impacts on the living circumstances of Australians. This paper aims to provide insight into shifts in alcohol consumption and associated factors during the epidemic. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample of 2307 Australians aged 18 and over who drank at least monthly was recruited through social media. Respondents were asked about their alcohol consumption and purchasing in 2019 prior to the epidemic plus similar questions about their experiences in the month prior to being surveyed between 29 April and 16 May 2020. Results: Reports of average consumption before (3.53 drinks per day [3.36, 3.71 95% confidence interval]) and during (3.52 [3.34, 3.69]) the pandemic were stable. However, young men and those who drank more outside the home in 2019 reported decreased consumption during the pandemic, and people with high levels of stress and those who bulk-bought alcohol when restrictions were announced reported an increase in consumption relative to those who did not. Discussion and Conclusions: A reported increase in consumption among those experiencing more stress suggests that some people may have been drinking to cope during the epidemic. Conversely, the reported decrease in consumption among those who drank more outside of their home in 2019 suggests that closing all on-trade sales did not result in complete substitution of on-premise drinking with home drinking in this group. Monitoring of relevant subgroups to assess long-term changes in consumption in the aftermath of the epidemic is recommended.
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- 2021
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316. Industry submissions on alcohol in the context of Australia's trade and investment agreements : A content and thematic analysis of publicly available documents
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Miller, Mia, Wilkinson, Claire, Room, Robin, O'Brien, Paula, Townsend, Belinda, Schram, Ashley, Gleeson, Deborah, Miller, Mia, Wilkinson, Claire, Room, Robin, O'Brien, Paula, Townsend, Belinda, Schram, Ashley, and Gleeson, Deborah
- Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, responsible for 3 million deaths in 2016. The alcohol industry is a powerful player in shaping trade and investment rules in ways that can constrain the ability of governments to regulate alcoholic beverages to reduce harm. This paper analyses publicly available submissions about alcohol in the context of Australia's free trade agreements to determine the key themes put forward by industry. Design and Methods: We searched for submissions made to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade by alcohol industry trade associations, alcohol manufacturers, distributors and retailers, general industry association, and government agencies with responsibilities for alcohol trade, about specific free trade agreements involving Australia. Thirty-one submissions in relation to eight trade agreements were included for analysis. The analysis involved both descriptive content analysis and thematic analysis. Results: Findings suggest that industry is actively seeking to shape trade negotiations around alcohol. Priority issues for the industry include improving market access, harmonising regulation, improving clarity and transparency, reducing the burden of regulation and preventing monopolies on product names. Discussion and Conclusion: The alcohol industry and associated business and government organisations are actively working to influence trade agreement negotiations for industry economic gain, arguing for rules which may undermine public health goals. The analysis suggests that public health experts should pay attention to trade and investment agreements and develop counter frames to ensure agreements do not create barriers for coherent health policies.
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- 2021
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317. ‘Social health’, ‘physical health’, and well-being : Analysing with bourdieusian concepts the interplay between the practices of heavy drinking and exercise among young people
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Törrönen, Jukka, Samuelsson, Eva, Roumeliotis, Filip, Room, Robin, Kraus, Ludwig, Törrönen, Jukka, Samuelsson, Eva, Roumeliotis, Filip, Room, Robin, and Kraus, Ludwig
- Abstract
Background: The article examines the interplay between the practices of heavy drinking and exercise among young people. The comparison helps to clarify why young people are currently drinking less than earlier and how the health-related discourses and activities are modifying young people's heavy drinking practices. Methods: The data is based on interviews (n = 56) in Sweden among 15–17-year-olds and 18–19-year-olds. By drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, and capital, we examine what kinds of resources young people accumulate in the fields of heavy drinking and exercise, how these resources carry symbolic value for distinction, and what kind of health-related habitus they imply. Results: The analysis shows that young people's practices in the social spaces of intoxication and exercise are patterned around the ‘social health’ and ‘physical health’ approaches and shaped by gendered binaries of masculine dominance. The ‘physical health’ approach values capable, high-performative, and attractive bodies, whereas the ‘social health’ approach is oriented towards accumulating social capital. The analysis demonstrates that these approaches affect the interviewees’ everyday life practices so that the ‘physical health’ approach has more power over the ‘social health’ approach in transforming them. Conclusion: As the ‘physical health’ approach appears to modify young people's practices of drinking to be less oriented to intoxication or away from drinking, this may partly explain why young people are drinking less today than earlier. Compared to drinking, the physical health-related social spaces also seem to provide more powerful arenas within which to bolster one's masculine and feminine habitus. This further suggests that intoxication may have lost its symbolic power among young people as a cool activity signalling autonomy, maturity, and transgression of norms.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
318. How do social media-related attachments and assemblages encourage or reduce drinking among young people?
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Törrönen, Jukka, Roumeliotis, Filip, Samuelsson, Eva, Room, Robin, Kraus, Ludwig, Törrönen, Jukka, Roumeliotis, Filip, Samuelsson, Eva, Room, Robin, and Kraus, Ludwig
- Abstract
Research shows that young people’s online practices have become a continuous, seamless and routine part of their physical and social worlds. Studies report contradictory findings on whether social media promotes intoxication-driven drinking cultures among young people or diminishes their alcohol consumption. By applying actor-network theory, our starting point is that the effects of social media depend on what kinds of concerns mediate its use. Social media alone cannot make young people drink more or less but influences their drinking in relation to specific attachments that we call here ‘assemblages’. The data consist of individual interviews among girls (n = 32) and boys (n = 24) between 15 and 19 years old from Sweden, covering topics such as alcohol use, social media habits and leisure time activities. The paper maps the variety of assemblages that mediate young people’s online practices and analyzes how young people’s drinking-related social media assemblages increase, decrease or exclude their alcohol consumption. The analysis shows that social media-related attachments seem to reduce our interviewees’ use of alcohol by providing competing activities, by transforming their drinking under the public eye, by reorganizing their party rituals to be less oriented towards drinking and by facilitating parents’ monitoring of their drinking situations.
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- 2021
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319. Levels of Parental Drinking in the Presence of Children : An Exploration of Attitudinal Correlates
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Bowden, Jacqueline A., Delfabbro, Paul, Room, Robin, Miller, Caroline L., Wilson, Carlene, Bowden, Jacqueline A., Delfabbro, Paul, Room, Robin, Miller, Caroline L., and Wilson, Carlene
- Abstract
Aims This study aimed to examine perceived social norms, the effect of parental drinking on these norms, alcohol use in front of children, and how norms and consumption vary based on child age and gender of the parent. Methods A cross-sectional online panel survey was undertaken with n = 1000 Australian adults (including 670 parents) aged 18-59 years. The survey assessed: alcohol consumption in front of children; normative attitudes towards drinking in the presence of children; and perceived social norms. Results Overall, 33.9% of parents reported drinking a glass of alcohol each day or a couple of times a week, 18.2% reported getting slightly drunk and 7.8% indicated getting visibly drunk each day or a couple of times a week with their children present. In total, 37.5% reported drinking in front of their children at least weekly. Fathers were more likely to drink in front of children than mothers. Most parents deemed drinking small amounts of alcohol in front of children as acceptable but did not accept drunkenness. Respondents were less concerned about a father drinking one or two drinks in front of their children than a mother. Social expectations were not related to child age, but norms related to others' perceived behaviour were. Conclusions Many parents, particularly fathers consume alcohol in front of their children. There is a need to target health promotion strategies to adults and parents consuming in excess of health guidelines, and to the many parents who are consuming alcohol at higher levels in front of their children.
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- 2021
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320. The Impact of Increasing the Minimum Legal Drinking Age from 18 to 20 Years in Lithuania on All-Cause Mortality in Young Adults - An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
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Tran, Alexander, Jiang, Huan, Lange, Shannon, Livingston, Michael, Manthey, Jakob, Neufeld, Maria, Room, Robin, Stelemekas, Mindaugas, Telksnys, Tadas, Petkeviciene, Janina, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rehm, Juergen, Tran, Alexander, Jiang, Huan, Lange, Shannon, Livingston, Michael, Manthey, Jakob, Neufeld, Maria, Room, Robin, Stelemekas, Mindaugas, Telksnys, Tadas, Petkeviciene, Janina, Radisauskas, Ricardas, and Rehm, Juergen
- Abstract
Short Summary: We investigated the effect of an increase in minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) on all-cause mortality in young adults (aged 18-19). MLDA had a negative effect on all-cause mortality (even when controlling for general trends using other age groups), however when confounding factors were included, these effects were attenuated. Aims: To determine the effect of an alcohol policy change, which increased the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) from 18 years of age to 20 years of age on all-cause mortality rates in young adults (18-19 years old) in Lithuania. Methods: An interrupted time series analysis was conducted on a dataset from 2001 to 2019 (n = 228 months). The model tested the effects of the MLDA on all-cause mortality rates (deaths per 100,000 individuals) in three age categories (15-17 years old, 18-19 years old, 20-22 years old) in order to control for general mortality trends in young adults, and to isolate the effects of the MLDA from other alcohol control policies. Additional models that included GDP as a covariate and a taxation policy were tested as well. Results There was a significant effect of the MLDA on all-cause mortality rates in those 18-19 years old, when modelled alone. Additional analyses controlling for the mortality rate of other age groups showed similar findings. Inclusion of confounding factors (policies on alcohol taxation, GDP) eliminated the effects of MLDA. Conclusions: Although there was a notable decline in all-cause mortality rates among young adults in Lithuania, a direct causal impact of MLDA on all-cause mortality rates in young adults was not definitively found.
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- 2021
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321. The Origins and Purposes of Alcohol Industry Social Aspects Organizations : Insights From the Tobacco Industry Documents
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McCambridge, Jim, Garry, Jack, Room, Robin, McCambridge, Jim, Garry, Jack, and Room, Robin
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Objective: This article describes the origins and purposes of alcohol industry “social aspects organizations” as portrayed in internal tobacco industry documents. Method: We systematically searched the Truth Tobacco Documents Library for information regarding alcohol industry social aspects organizations. Using content provided by industry actors themselves, we identified a series of episodes in their evolution from the early 1950s to the early 1990s. Results: Hill and Knowlton, a public relations company, developed and managed the tobacco industry's scientific programs from the early 1950s onward. At the same time, the company performed a similar function for the U.S. distilled spirits industry, with research funding central to advancing what were conceived as public relations goals. They sought to persuade the public and policy makers that the cause of alcohol problems was the people who drank distilled spirits, rather than the product itself. Facing the existential threat posed by the developing population-level understanding of alcohol problems in the 1980s, national and international trade associations collaborated with the tobacco industry in various ways. The largest companies sought to bring together the different sectors of the alcohol industry to support a global network of national-level social aspects organizations. Conclusions: Alcohol industry social aspects organizations were developed to advance long-term public relations goals to manage both policy and science.
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- 2021
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322. A Framework Convention on Alcohol Control : Getting Concrete about Its Contents
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Room, Robin, Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, Room, Robin, and Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
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This article proposes and discusses the text of a Framework Convention on Alcohol Control, which would serve public health and welfare interests. The history of alcohol's omission from current drug treaties is briefly discussed. The paper spells out what should be covered in the treaty, using text adapted primarily from the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, but for the control of trade from the 1961 narcotic drugs treaty. While the draft provides for the treaty to be negotiated under the auspices of the World Health Organization, other auspices are possible. Excluding alcohol industry interests from the negotiation of the treaty is noted as an important precondition. The articles in the draft treaty and their purposes are briefly described, and the divergences from the tobacco treaty are described and justified. The text of the draft treaty is provided as Supplementary Material. Specification of concrete provisions in a draft convention points the way towards more effective global actions and agreements on alcohol control, whatever form they take.
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- 2021
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323. Reducing the Harmful Use of Alcohol : Have International Targets Been Met?
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Rehm, Jürgen, Casswell, Sally, Manthey, Jakob, Room, Robin, Shield, Kevin, Rehm, Jürgen, Casswell, Sally, Manthey, Jakob, Room, Robin, and Shield, Kevin
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Alcohol use has been identified in major United Nations (UN) initiatives, such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Non-Communicable Disease Action Plan, as a major contributor to the global burden of disease. As a result, levels of alcohol use serve as an official indicator of progress towards these UN-set goals. Given current trends, UN targets for reduced alcohol consumption are unlikely to be met. Moreover, in many countries, especially in low- and middle-income countries, the alcohol-attributable burden of disease continues to increase. Pressure will need to be exerted on national and international decision-makers to arrive at more powerful and normatively persuasive instruments, such as a treaty.
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- 2021
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324. Global Intergovernmental Initiatives to Minimise Alcohol Problems : Some Good Intentions, but Little Action
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Room, Robin and Room, Robin
- Abstract
While, historically, alcohol production and sale were local matters, commercialised and industrialised alcohol has supervened, globalised initially through European empires, transforming alcohol's place in everyday life. But alcohol was not included in the current international drug control system, initiated in 1912. In the current UN system of 35 intergovernmental agencies, alcohol has been a recurrent concern in the work only of the World Health Organization (WHO). Examples are given of the sporadic involvement in alcohol issues of other agencies, and the history of WHO's involvement between 1950 and early 2020 is briefly described. At WHO, the place of alcohol programming in its structure and which other topics it is linked with have been recurrent issues. Civil society support for alcohol initiatives has been comparatively weak, and alcohol industry counter-pressure has been strong. Alcohol issues have thus received less attention at the intergovernmental level than the harm would justify. Constraining factors have included not only lobbying by industry interests, but also the multi-sectoral nature of alcohol problems and the international cultural position of alcohol as a luxury good served at gatherings of political and media elites.
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- 2021
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325. Setting Limits : Gambling, Science and Public Policy—summary of results
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Sulkunen, Pekka, Babor, Thomas F., Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, Egerer, Michael, Hellman, Matilda, Livingstone, Charles, Marionneau, Virve, Nikkinen, Janne, Orford, Jim, Room, Robin, Rossow, Ingeborg, Sulkunen, Pekka, Babor, Thomas F., Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, Egerer, Michael, Hellman, Matilda, Livingstone, Charles, Marionneau, Virve, Nikkinen, Janne, Orford, Jim, Room, Robin, and Rossow, Ingeborg
- Abstract
The gambling industry has grown into a global business in the 21st century. This has created the need for a new emphasis on problem prevention. This article highlights the core themes of the book Setting Limits: Gambling, Science and Public Policy, taking a broad view of the consequences of gambling for society as a burden on health, well-being and equality. The book covers the extent of gambling and gambling-related problems in different societies and presents a critical review of research on industry practices, policy objectives and preventive approaches, including services to people suffering from gambling and its consequences. It discusses the developments in game characteristics and gambling environments and provides evidence on how regulation can affect those. Effective measures to minimize gambling harm exist and many are well supported by scientific evidence. They include restrictions on general availability as well as selective measures to prevent gamblers from overspending. The revenue generated from gambling for the industry, governments, and providers of public services funded from gambling returns presents an obstacle to developing policies to implement harm-reduction measures. A public interest approach must weigh these interests against the suffering and losses of the victims of gambling.
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- 2021
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326. Alcohol dependence in a community sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians : harms, getting help and awareness of local treatments
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Weatherall, Teagan J., Conigrave, James H., Conigrave, Katherine M., Perry, Jimmy, Wilson, Scott, Room, Robin, Chikritzhs, Tanya, Lee, K.S. Kylie, Weatherall, Teagan J., Conigrave, James H., Conigrave, Katherine M., Perry, Jimmy, Wilson, Scott, Room, Robin, Chikritzhs, Tanya, and Lee, K.S. Kylie
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Background: Few studies have examined links between current alcohol dependence and specific harms among Indigenous Australians. We investigated these associations as well as help seeking for drinking, awareness of local treatments and recommendations to help family or friends cut down or stop drinking in two Indigenous communities. Methods: A representative sample of Indigenous Australians was surveyed in one urban and one remote community in South Australia. Data were collected via the Grog Survey App. Participants were dependent if they reported two or more symptoms of alcohol dependence (ICD-11). Pearson chi-square tests were used to describe relationships between employment by gender, and dependence by awareness of medicines and local treatment options. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to predict the odds of dependent drinkers experiencing harms and getting help for drinking, controlling for age, gender, schooling and income. Results: A total of 775 Indigenous Australians took part in the study. After controlling for confounders, dependent drinkers were nearly eight times more likely to report a harm and nearly three times more likely to get help for their drinking—compared with non-dependent drinkers. Participants recommended accessing local support from an Aboriginal alcohol and other drugs worker, or a detoxification/ rehabilitation service. Discussion and conclusions: More support and funding is needed for Indigenous Australians to ensure local treatment options for dependent drinkers are readily available, appropriate and accessible. Involvement of local Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander health professionals in delivery of care can help ensure that it is appropriate to an individual’s culture and context.
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- 2021
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327. Association between alcohol consumption and the risk of stroke in middle-aged and older adults in China
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Gan, Yong, Feng, Jing, Zhu, Yi, Li, Liqing, Shen, Xin, Lou, Yiling, Room, Robin, Lei, Zihui, Yue, Wei, Jiang, Heng, Lu, Zuxun, Gan, Yong, Feng, Jing, Zhu, Yi, Li, Liqing, Shen, Xin, Lou, Yiling, Room, Robin, Lei, Zihui, Yue, Wei, Jiang, Heng, and Lu, Zuxun
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of stroke in Chinese adults aged 40 years and over. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 113,573 Chinese adults aged >= 40 years in the China National Stroke Prevention Project (2014-2015) to examine correlations of alcohol consumption with the prevalence of stroke. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for various confounders, e.g., gender, age, smoking, physical activity and other health conditions. Results: Within the study population, a total of 12,753 stroke survivors were identified. The prevalence of light to moderate and of heavy alcohol consumption was 10.1% and 5.7% respectively. The multivariate logistic regression results show that light to moderate alcohol consumption was associated with reduced risk of stroke of all types [0.91 (95%CI: 0.85-0.97)] and of ischemic stroke [0.90 (0.84-0.97)]. No association was found between alcohol consumption and hemorrhagic stroke. Compared with abstainers, the adjusted ORs of all stroke were 0.83 (0.75-0.92) for those who drank 11-20 years, and no association was found between 1 and 10 years or over 20 years of drinking and risk of stroke. Conclusions: These results indicate that light to moderate alcohol consumption may be protective against all and ischemic stroke, and heavy drinking was not significantly associated with risk of all stroke in China. No association between alcohol consumption and hemorrhagic stroke was found.
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- 2021
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328. Legalization as more effective control? Parallels between the end of alcohol prohibition (1927) and the legalization of cannabis (2018) in Ontario
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Crépault, Jean-François, Rehm, Jürgen, Room, Robin, Crépault, Jean-François, Rehm, Jürgen, and Room, Robin
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Background: In the 1920s, eight of nine Canadian provinces legalized alcohol sales, ending prohibition in favor of government control. Much has been written about the rise and fall of Prohibition in North America, but there is little work examining these events in the light of current drug policy debates. This paper attempts to fill some of these gaps. Methods: The aims of this paper are primarily exploratory and descriptive. Following a literature review, it draws from secondary and some primary sources to explore the debate around ending alcohol prohibition (i.e. legalizing its distribution) in Ontario between 1920 and 1927. It then uses material drawn from a comprehensive search of the Canadian House of Commons debates on cannabis legalization between 2016 and 2018 to draw parallels with the debates around alcohol legalization in Ontario about 90 years earlier. Results: While alcohol and cannabis legalization occurred in very different social and political contexts, there are similarities in both the arguments in favor of ending prohibition (ineffectiveness at preventing consumption and collateral social harms) and post-legalization debates around regulation (most notably the optimal way to replace the illicit market). Conclusion: The Canadian cannabis legalization debates of the 2010s echo the alcohol legalization debates of the 1920s in remarkable and relevant ways. Ultimately the most striking parallel may be the extent to which the political leaders advocating for legalization emphasized that their policy was not liberalization, but more effective control.
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- 2021
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329. Prediagnosis alcohol intake and metachronous cancer risk in cancer survivors : A prospective cohort study
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Jayasekara, Harindra, Hodge, Allison M., Haydon, Andrew, Room, Robin, Hopper, John L., English, Dallas R., Smith-Warner, Stephanie A., Giles, Graham G., Milne, Roger L., MacInnis, Robert J., Jayasekara, Harindra, Hodge, Allison M., Haydon, Andrew, Room, Robin, Hopper, John L., English, Dallas R., Smith-Warner, Stephanie A., Giles, Graham G., Milne, Roger L., and MacInnis, Robert J.
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Alcohol consumption is a known cause of cancer, but its role in the etiology of second primary (metachronous) cancer is uncertain. Associations between alcohol intake up until study enrollment (prediagnosis) and risk of metachronous cancer were estimated using 9435 participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study who were diagnosed with their first invasive cancer after enrollment (1990-1994). Follow-up was from date of first invasive cancer until diagnosis of metachronous cancer, death or censor date (February 2018), whichever came first. Alcohol intake for 10-year periods from age 20 until decade encompassing baseline using recalled beverage-specific frequency and quantity was used to calculate baseline and lifetime intakes, and group-based intake trajectories. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounders. After a mean follow-up of 7 years, 1512 metachronous cancers were identified. A 10 g/d increment in prediagnosis lifetime alcohol intake (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00-1.06; Pvalue = .02) and an intake of ≥60 g/d (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.01-1.73) were associated with increased metachronous cancer risk. We observed positive associations (per 10 g/d increment) for metachronous colorectal (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.00-1.14), upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.00-1.34) and kidney cancer (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.10-1.39). Although these findings were partly explained by effects of smoking, the association for kidney cancer remained unchanged when current smokers or obese individuals were excluded. Alcohol intake trajectories over the life course confirmed associations with metachronous cancer risk. Prediagnosis long-term alcohol intake, and particularly heavy drinking, may increase the risk of metachronous cancer, particularly of the colorectum, UADT and kidney.
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- 2021
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330. Alcohol control policy measures and all-cause mortality in Lithuania : an interrupted time-series analysis
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Stelemekas, Štelemėkas, Manthey, Jakob, Badaras, Robertas, Casswell, Sally, Ferreira-Borges, Carina, Kalėdienė, Ramunė, Lange, Shannon, Neufeld, Maria, Petkevičienė, Janina, Radišauskas, Ričardas, Room, Robin, Telksnys, Tadas, Zurlytė, Ingrida, Rehm, Jürgen, Stelemekas, Štelemėkas, Manthey, Jakob, Badaras, Robertas, Casswell, Sally, Ferreira-Borges, Carina, Kalėdienė, Ramunė, Lange, Shannon, Neufeld, Maria, Petkevičienė, Janina, Radišauskas, Ričardas, Room, Robin, Telksnys, Tadas, Zurlytė, Ingrida, and Rehm, Jürgen
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Background and aims Alcohol use has been identified as a major risk factor for burden of mortality and disease, particularly for countries in eastern Europe. During the past two decades, several countries in this region have implemented effective alcohol policy measures to combat this burden. The aim of the current study was to measure the association between Lithuania's alcohol control policies and adult all-cause mortality. Design Interrupted time-series methodology by means of general additive models. Setting Lithuania. Participants Adult population of Lithuania, aged 20 years and older. Measurements Alcohol control policies were ascertained via a document review of relevant legislation materials. Policy effects were evaluated as follows: (1) slope changes in periods of legislative (non-)activity with regard to alcohol control policy (analysis 1); (2) level changes of three interventions following recommendations of the World Health Organization (analysis 2); and (3) level changes of seven interventions judged a priori by an international panel of experts (analysis 3). Mortality was measured by sex-stratified and total monthly age-standardized rates of all-cause mortality for the adult population. Findings During the period 2001-18, effective alcohol control policy measures were implemented on several occasions, and in those years the all-cause mortality rate declined by approximately 3.2% more than in years without such policies. In particular, the implementation of increased taxation in 2017 was associated with reduced mortality over and above the general trend for men and in total for all analyses, which amounted to 1452 deaths avoided (95% confidence interval = -166 to -2739) in the year following the implementation of the policy. Conclusions Alcohol control policies in Lithuania appear to have reduced the overall adult all-cause mortality over and above secular trends.
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- 2021
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331. Classifying Alcohol Control Policies with Respect to Expected Changes in Consumption and Alcohol-Attributable Harm : The Example of Lithuania, 2000-2019
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Rehm, Jürgen, Štelemėkas, Mindaugas, Ferreira-Borges, Carina, Jiang, Huan, Lange, Shannon, Neufeld, Maria, Room, Robin, Casswell, Sally, Tran, Alexander, Manthey, Jakob, Rehm, Jürgen, Štelemėkas, Mindaugas, Ferreira-Borges, Carina, Jiang, Huan, Lange, Shannon, Neufeld, Maria, Room, Robin, Casswell, Sally, Tran, Alexander, and Manthey, Jakob
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Due to the high levels of alcohol use, alcohol-attributable mortality and burden of disease, and detrimental drinking patterns, Lithuania implemented a series of alcohol control policies within a relatively short period of time, between 2008 and 2019. Based on their expected impact on alcohol consumption and alcohol-attributable harm, as well as their target population, these policies have been classified using a set of objective criteria and expert opinion. The classification criteria included: positive vs. negative outcomes, mainly immediate vs. delayed outcomes, and general population vs. specific group outcomes. The judgement of the alcohol policy experts converged on the objective criteria, and, as a result, two tiers of intervention were identified: Tier 1—highly effective general population interventions with an anticipated immediate impact; Tier 2—other interventions aimed at the general population. In addition, interventions directed at specific populations were identified. This adaptable methodological approach to alcohol control policy classification is intended to provide guidance and support for the evaluation of alcohol policies elsewhere, to lay the foundation for the critical assessment of the policies to improve health and increase life expectancy, and to reduce crime and violence.
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- 2021
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332. The Development of Empirically Derived Australian Low-Risk Gambling Limits
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Dowling, Nicki A., Youssef, George J., Greenwood, Christopher, Merkouris, Stephanie S., Suomi, Aino, Room, Robin, Dowling, Nicki A., Youssef, George J., Greenwood, Christopher, Merkouris, Stephanie S., Suomi, Aino, and Room, Robin
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This study derived a set of Australian low-risk gambling limits and explored the relative and absolute risk associated with exceeding these limits. Secondary analysis of population-representative Tasmanian and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) cross-sectional (11,597 respondents) and longitudinal studies (2027 respondents) was conducted. Balancing sensitivity and specificity, the limits were: gambling frequency of 20-30 times per year; gambling expenditure of AUD $380-$615 per year (USD $240-$388 per year); gambling expenditure comprising 0.83-1.68% of gross personal income; and two types of gambling activities per year. All limits, except number of activities, predicted subsequent harm, with limits related to gambling expenditure consistently the best-performing. Exceeding the limits generally conferred a higher degree of relative and absolute risk, with gamblers exceeding the limits being 3-20 times more likely to experience harm than those who do not, and having a 5-17% risk of experiencing harm. Only 7-12% of gamblers exceeding the limits actually experienced harm. Gambling consumption lower than the limits also conferred a considerable amount of harm. Using a relative risk method, this study derived similar limits from disparate Australian states and territories. These limits can serve as working guidelines for the consideration of researchers, clinicians, and policy makers, but need to be subject to further rigorous empirical investigation.
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- 2021
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333. Lifetime alcohol intake, drinking patterns over time and risk of stomach cancer:A pooled analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies
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Jayasekara, Harindra, MacInnis, Robert J., Lujan-Barroso, Leila, Mayen-Chacon, Ana-Lucia, Cross, Amanda J., Wallner, Bengt, Palli, Domenico, Ricceri, Fulvio, Pala, Valeria, Panico, Salvatore, Tumino, Rosario, Kuehn, Tilman, Kaaks, Rudolf, Tsilidis, Kostas, Sanchez, Maria-Jose, Amiano, Pilar, Ardanaz, Eva, Chirlaque Lopez, Maria Dolores, Merino, Susana, Rothwell, Joseph A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Severi, Gianluca, Sternby, Hanna, Sonestedt, Emily, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Boeing, Heiner, Travis, Ruth, Sandanger, Torkjel M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Karakatsani, Anna, Peppa, Eleni, Tjonneland, Anne, Yang, Yi, Hodge, Allison M., Mitchell, Hazel, Haydon, Andrew, Room, Robin, Hopper, John L., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Gunter, Marc J., Riboli, Elio, Giles, Graham G., Milne, Roger L., Agudo, Antonio, English, Dallas R., Ferrari, Pietro, Jayasekara, Harindra, MacInnis, Robert J., Lujan-Barroso, Leila, Mayen-Chacon, Ana-Lucia, Cross, Amanda J., Wallner, Bengt, Palli, Domenico, Ricceri, Fulvio, Pala, Valeria, Panico, Salvatore, Tumino, Rosario, Kuehn, Tilman, Kaaks, Rudolf, Tsilidis, Kostas, Sanchez, Maria-Jose, Amiano, Pilar, Ardanaz, Eva, Chirlaque Lopez, Maria Dolores, Merino, Susana, Rothwell, Joseph A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Severi, Gianluca, Sternby, Hanna, Sonestedt, Emily, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Boeing, Heiner, Travis, Ruth, Sandanger, Torkjel M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Karakatsani, Anna, Peppa, Eleni, Tjonneland, Anne, Yang, Yi, Hodge, Allison M., Mitchell, Hazel, Haydon, Andrew, Room, Robin, Hopper, John L., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Gunter, Marc J., Riboli, Elio, Giles, Graham G., Milne, Roger L., Agudo, Antonio, English, Dallas R., and Ferrari, Pietro
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Alcohol consumption is causally linked to several cancers but the evidence for stomach cancer is inconclusive. In our study, the association between long-term alcohol intake and risk of stomach cancer and its subtypes was evaluated. We performed a pooled analysis of data collected at baseline from 491 714 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for incident stomach cancer in relation to lifetime alcohol intake and group-based life course intake trajectories, adjusted for potential confounders including Helicobacter pylori infection. In all, 1225 incident stomach cancers (78% noncardia) were diagnosed over 7 094 637 person-years; 984 in 382 957 study participants with lifetime alcohol intake data (5 455 507 person-years). Although lifetime alcohol intake was not associated with overall stomach cancer risk, we observed a weak positive association with noncardia cancer (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06 per 10 g/d increment), with a HR of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.08-2.09) for >= 60 g/d compared to 0.1 to 4.9 g/d. A weak inverse association with cardia cancer (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-1.00) was also observed. HRs of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.10-1.99) for noncardia and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.26-1.03) for cardia cancer were observed for a life course trajectory characterized by heavy decreasing intake compared to light stable intake (P-homogeneity = .02). These associations did not differ appreciably by smoking or H pylori infection status. Limiting alcohol use during lifetime, particularly avoiding heavy use during early adulthood, might help prevent noncardia stomach cancer. Heterogeneous associations observed for cardia and noncardia cancers may indicate etiologic differences.
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- 2021
334. Times to drink: cross-cultural variations in drinking in the rhythm of the week
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Room, Robin, Mäkelä, Pia, Benegal, Vivek, Greenfield, Thomas K., Hettige, Siri, Tumwesigye, Nazarius M., and Wilsnack, Richard
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- 2012
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335. Differences between men and women in the course of opiate dependence: is there a telescoping effect?
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Hölscher, Frank, Reissner, Volker, Di Furia, Lucia, Room, Robin, Schifano, Fabrizio, Stohler, Rudolf, Yotsidi, Vicky, and Scherbaum, Norbert
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- 2010
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336. Impacts of tourism on drinking and alcohol policy in low and middle income countries: a selective thematic review
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Ornberg, Jenny Cisneros and Room, Robin
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Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- Research ,Travel industry -- Influence ,Developing countries -- Alcohol use ,Health ,Law - Abstract
The article considers impacts of the drinking patterns of tourists from high-consumption, high-income societies on low- and middle-income societies, thematically reviewing a rather sparse literature. Drinking--indeed, drinking more than at home--fits well into the context of tourism. Heavy drinking by tourists has a substantial impact on many elements in the host society, increasing consumption levels particularly among young people working within the tourism sector. Tourist industry interests have often successfully argued for policies that result in a wider general availability of alcohol in the society?, and provision for tourists has often served as an entry: point in the society for the global alcohol industry. National and international consideration of policies to reduce alcohol problems should take into consideration the potential adverse influences on national alcohol policies arising from tourism. KEY WORDS: Alcohol, tourism, drinking, alcohol policy, developing countries., Tourism takes many forms. A classic tale dates the invention of package excursions to Thomas Cook's arrangement with a rail company in 1841 to take a group of British temperance [...]
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- 2014
337. Diverging trends in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm in Victoria
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Livingston, Michael, Matthews, Sharon, Barratt, Monica J., Lloyd, Belinda, and Room, Robin
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Drunkenness (Criminal law) -- Research ,Alcoholism -- Research ,Health - Abstract
Objective: To examine recent trends in alcohol-related harm and risky drinking in Victoria, Australia. Methods: The study compiled eight measures of alcohol-related harm from published and unpublished sources, covering data relating to health, crime, alcohol treatment and traffic crashes for the financial years 1999/2000 to 2007/08. In addition, published estimates of short and long-term risky drinking from three-sets of surveys between 2001 and 2007 were examined. Results: Six of the eight harm indicators substantially increased, while only alcohol-related mortality and single-vehicle night-time crashes remained relatively stable. In particular, rates of emergency presentations for intoxication and alcohol-related ambulance attendances increased dramatically. Contrastingly, survey-derived estimates of the rate of risky-drinking among Victorians were stable over the time-period examined. Conclusions: Evidence across the data examined suggests significant increases in alcohol-related harm taking place during a period of relatively stable alcohol consumption levels. This disparity may be accounted for by changing drinking patterns among small, high-risk, subgroups of the population. Implications: The sharply increasing rates of alcohol-related harm among Victorians suggest that changes to alcohol policies focusing on improving public health are necessary. Key words: alcohol consumption, alcohol intoxication, trends, violence, emergency medicine. Aust NZ J Public Health. 2010; 34:368-73 doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00568.x
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- 2010
338. Changes in alcohol-related problems after alcohol policy changes in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
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Bloomfield, Kim, Wicki, Matthias, Gustafsson, Nina-Katri, Makela, Pia, and Room, Robin
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Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- Management ,Alcoholic beverages -- Prices and rates -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Company business management ,Company pricing policy ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: European Union travelers' allowances for alcohol import to Denmark, Sweden, and Finland were abolished in 2004. In addition, excise taxes on alcohol were lowered in 2003 and 2005 in Denmark, and in 2004 in Finland. Using northern Sweden as a control site, this study examines whether levels of reported alcohol problems have changed in Denmark, Finland, and southern Sweden as a consequence of these policy changes. Method: Annual cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden from 2003 to 2006. Five dependency items and seven extrinsic alcohol-related problems were examined. Changes were analyzed within each country/region with logistic regressions and tested for short- and long-term changes. Differential change was also tested between each country and the control site, northern Sweden. Results: Prevalence of alcohol problems decreased over the study period. Only in selected subgroups did problems increase. This mainly occurred in the samples for northern Sweden and Finland, and mostly among older age groups and men. In relation to the control site, however, no increases in problem prevalence were found. Conclusions: Our findings on a decline in reported alcohol problems largely agree with published reports on alcohol consumption over the same period in the study countries. They do not agree, however, with findings on changes in health and social statistics in Finland and Denmark, where some significant increases in alcohol-related harm have been found., THAT THE PRICE OF ALCOHOL can influence consumption levels is well known (Babor et al., 2003; Edwards et al., 1994). This follows from a basic economic law of product price-demand: [...]
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- 2010
339. Better methods to collect self-reported alcohol and other drug use data from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians
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Lee, Kim San Kylie, Chikritzhs, Tanya, Wilson, Scott, AO, Edward Wilkes, Gray, Dennis, Room, Robin, and Conigrave, Katherine M.
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- 2014
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340. Commentary on Norstrom & Svensson (2014) and Rossow et al. (2014): Understanding how population-level alcohol consumption changes
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Livingston, Michael and Room, Robin
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- 2014
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341. Alcohol's harm to others: An overview of Australian work and results so far
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Laslett, Anne-Marie, Wilkinson, Claire, Room, Robin, Livingston, Michael, Ferris, Jason, and Mugavin, Janette
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- 2014
342. The big night out: What happens on the most recent heavy drinking occasion among young Victorian risky drinkers?
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Dietze, Paul M., Livingston, Michael, Callinan, Sarah, and Room, Robin
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- 2014
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343. Heavy drinking occasions in Australia: Do context and beverage choice differ from low-risk drinking occasions?
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Callinan, Sarah, Livingston, Michael, Dietze, Paul, and Room, Robin
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- 2014
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344. Exploring Structural Relationships Between Blood Alcohol Concentration and Signs and Clinical Assessment of Intoxication in Alcohol-Involved Injury Cases
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Bond, Jason, Witbrodt, Jane, Ye, Yu, Cherpitel, Cheryl J., Room, Robin, and Monteiro, Maristela G.
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- 2014
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345. Changes in Australian attitudes to alcohol policy: 1995–2010
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Callinan, Sarah, Room, Robin, and Livingston, Michael
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- 2014
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346. Alcohol Consumption Over Time and Risk of Death: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Jayasekara, Harindra, English, Dallas R., Room, Robin, and MacInnis, Robert J.
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- 2014
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347. ‘Somethingʼs Brewing’: The Changing Trends in Alcohol Coverage in Australian Newspapers 2000–2011
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Azar, Denise, White, Victoria, Bland, Stephanie, Livingston, Michael, Room, Robin, Chikritzhs, Tanya, Durkin, Sarah, Gilmore, William, and Wakefield, Melanie
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- 2014
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348. Alcohol Consumption and Liver Disease in Australia: A Time Series Analysis of the Period 1935–2006
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Jiang, Heng, Livingston, Michael, Room, Robin, Dietze, Paul, Norström, Thor, and Kerr, William C.
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- 2014
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349. Cannabis legalization and public health: legal niceties, commercialization and countercultures
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Room, Robin
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- 2014
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350. Legalizing a market for cannabis for pleasure: Colorado, Washington, Uruguay and beyond
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Room, Robin
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- 2014
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