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Since the 1980s, analysis of the representation of women in Maoist theatre has argued that the heroines of the Cultural Revolution "model works" (yangbanxi) were "genderless revolutionaries" "erased" of anything feminine. This article challenges such a view through a case study of Song of the Dragon River in which the male hero of the 1964 spoken drama version was changed to a female in the 1972 yangbanxi adaptation. Evidence is presented that the characterization of the heroine in the latter work conforms closely not only with traditional beliefs in innate female characteristics but also with current Chinese beliefs in the characteristics of successful women in leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses various articles published within the issue, including a research on modern Japanese literature and another on the review of the book "Shônen," Kawabata Yasunari .

We have determined the accessibility of the Rickettsia prowazekii ATP/ADP translocase transmembrane domains (TMs) IV–VII and IX–XII to the putative, water-filled ATP translocation pathway. A library of 177 independent mutants, each with a single cysteine substitution, was expressed in Escherichia coli, and those with substantial ATP transport activity were assayed for inhibition by thiol-reactive, methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagents. The MTS reagents used were MTSES (negatively charged), MTSET (positively charged), and MTSEA (amphipathic). Inhibition of ATP transport by a charged MTS reagent indicates the exposure of a TM to the water-filled ATP translocation pathway. The eight TMs characterized in this study had 32 mutants with no assayable transport activity, indicating that cysteine substitution at these positions is not tolerated. ATP transport proficient mutants in TMs IV, V, VII, X, and XI were inhibited by charged MTS reagents, indicating that these TMs are exposed to the aqueous ATP translocation pathway, which is a pattern similar to those of TMs I, II (Alexeyev, M. F. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 6995–7002), and VIII (Winkler, H. H. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 12562–12569). Conversely, ATP-transport-proficient mutants in TMs VI, IX, and XII were not inhibited by charged MTS reagents, indicating that these TMs are sequestered from the aqueous environment, which is a pattern similar to that of TM III (Alexeyev, M. F. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 6995–7002). Preexposure of several MTS-sensitive mutants in TMs V, VII, X, and XI to ATP concentrations 10 times the Km resulted in protection from MTS-mediated inhibition; thus, confirming exposure of these TMs to the aqueous ATP translocation pathway, a pattern of protection similar to that observed for TMs I, II, and VIII. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution of transmembrane regions I, II, and III of the Rickettsia prowazekii ATP/ ADP translocase to the structure of the putative water-filled ATP translocation channel was evaluated from the accessibility of hydrophilic, thiol-reactive, methanethiosulfonate reagents to a library of 68 independent cysteine-substitution mutants heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The MTS reagents used were MTSES (negatively charged) and MTSET and MTSEA (both positively charged). Mutants F036C, Y042C, and R046C (TM I), K066C and P072C (TM II), and F101C, F105C, F108C, Y113C, and P114C (TM III) had no assayable transport activity, indicating that cysteine substitution at these positions may not be tolerated. All three MTS reagents inhibit the transport of ATP in mutants of TM I (L039C, S043C, S047C, 1048C) and TM II (S061C, S063C, T067C, 1069C, V070C, A074C). Further, these residues appear to cluster along a single face of the transmembrane domain. Preexposure of MTS-reactive mutants S047C (TM I) and T067C (TM II) to high levels of ATP resulted in protection from MTS-mediated inhibition. This indicated that both TM I and TM II make major contributions to the structure of an aqueous ATP translocation pathway. Finally, on the basis of the lack of accessibility of charged MTS reagents to the thiol groups in mutants of TM III, it appears that TM III is not exposed to the ATP translocation channel. Cysteine substitution of residues constituting a highly conserved "phenylalanine face" in TM III resulted in ablation of ATP transport activity. Further, substituting these phenylalanine residues for either isoleucine or tyrosine also resulted in much lower transport activity, indicating that some property of phenylalanine at these positions that is not shared by cysteine, isoleucine, or tyrosine is critical to translocase activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the computer software program STATutor, created by Robert A. Wolfe.

The article discusses research being done on the effects of service delivery models on outcomes for school-age children. It references the study "Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Different Service Delivery Models on Communication Outcomes for Elementary School-Age Children," by F Cirring and colleagues published in "Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools." The study identified the type and dosage of speech-language pathology service delivery models on nine outcomes.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including several papers on the way in which texts can be sites for performing gender and also papers that examine texts from different cultural contexts.

The article discusses the representation of gender in Maoist culture, with special emphasis on the performance of several forms of Moaist ballet. It focuses on the Red Detachment of Women, a full length yangbanxi ballet, which tells the story of a slave girl. It further presents information on the foundations and development of the indigenous Chinese ballet and presents an analysis of the relationship between genre and ideology in The Red Detachment of Women.