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855 results on '"Reyna, Valerie"'

307. An instuitive approach to risky decision making in adolescence

Author

Reyna, Valerie

Subjects
Management, Research, Health aspects, Company business management, Risk taking -- Health aspects -- Research, Health behavior -- Management -- Research -- Health aspects, Adolescent behavior -- Research -- Health aspects, Risk-taking (Psychology) -- Health aspects -- Research
Abstract

Would you put a substance into your body that skills most people? Would you do something that your brother and two of the most important adults in your life did [...]

Published
2008

337. Framing Effects Are Robust to Linguistic Disambiguation: A Critical Test of Contemporary Theory.

Author

Chick, Christina F., Reyna, Valerie F., and Corbin, Jonathan C.

Subjects
*FUZZY systems, *INFORMATION theory, *DECISION making, *EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements, *PROBLEM solving
Abstract

Theoretical accounts of risky choice framing effects assume that decision makers interpret framing options as extensionally equivalent, such that if 600 lives are at stake, saving 200 implies that 400 die. However, many scholars have argued that framing effects are caused, instead, by filling in pragmatically implied information. This linguistic ambiguity hypothesis is grounded in neo-Gricean pragmatics, information leakage, and schema theory. In 2 experiments, we conducted critical tests of the linguistic ambiguity hypothesis and its relation to framing. We controlled for this crucial implied information by disambiguating it using instructions and detailed examples, followed by multiple quizzes. After disambiguating missing information, we presented standard framing problems plus truncated versions, varying types of missing information. Truncations were also critical tests of prospect theory and fuzzy trace theory. Participants were not only college students, but also middle-age adults (who showed similar results). Contrary to the ambiguity hypothesis, participants who interpreted missing information as complementary to stated information nonetheless showed robust framing effects. Although adding words like "at least" can change interpretations of framing information, this form of linguistic ambiguity is not necessary to observe risky choice framing effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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345. Fuzzy-trace theory and lifespan cognitive development.

Author

Brainerd, C.J. and Reyna, Valerie F.

Subjects
*ABILITY, *COGNITIVE testing, *DECISION making, *DEMENTIA, *LEARNING, *MEMORY, *PSYCHOLOGY, *STATISTICS, *THOUGHT & thinking, *TRAINING, *THEORY
Abstract

Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) emphasizes the use of core theoretical principles, such as the verbatim-gist distinction, to predict new findings about cognitive development that are counterintuitive from the perspective of other theories or of common-sense. To the extent that such predictions are confirmed, the range of phenomena that are explained expands without increasing the complexity of the theory's assumptions. We examine research on recent examples of such predictions during four epochs of cognitive development: childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, and late adulthood. During the first two, the featured predictions are surprising developmental reversals in false memory (childhood) and in risky decision making (adolescence). During young adulthood, FTT predicts that a retrieval operation that figures centrally in dual-process theories of memory, recollection, is bivariate rather than univariate. During the late adulthood, FTT identifies a retrieval operation, reconstruction, that has been omitted from current theories of normal memory declines in aging and pathological declines in dementia. The theory predicts that reconstruction is a major factor in such declines and that it is able to forecast future dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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