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Peroxidation of cellular membrane lipids, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, generates electrophilic, α, β‐unsaturated aldehydes such as 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE). HNE is a highly reactive and cytotoxic molecule that can react with the nucleophilic sites in proteins causing posttranslational modification. The identification of protein targets is an important first step; however, quantitative profiling of site‐specific modifications is necessary to understand the biological impact of HNE‐induced carbonylation. We report a method that uses light (H12CHO) and heavy (D13CDO) isotopic variant of formaldehyde to differentially label primary amines (N‐termini and ε‐amino group of lysines) in peptides through reductive methylation and, combined with selective enrichment of modified peptides, permits comparison of the extent of carbonylation in two samples after mixing for simultaneous liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Specifically, dimethyl‐labeled peptide carbonyls were fractionated from unmodified peptides using solid‐phase hydrazide chemistry to immobilize them to porous glass beads and, after removing the unmodified peptides by thoroughly washing the beads, subsequently recover them by acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis. The method was developed using HNE‐modified synthetic peptides and also showing enrichment from a complex matrix of digested human plasma proteins. Applicability was confirmed using apomyoglobin as an analyte, implicating thereby its potential value to proteome‐wide identification and relative quantification of posttranslational protein carbonylation with residue‐specific information. Because HNE attachment may not necessarily cause change in protein abundance, this modification‐focused quantification should facilitate the characterization of accompanied changes in protein function and, also, provide important insights into molecular signaling mechanisms and a better understanding of cellular processes associated with oxidative stress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Identification of protein carbonylation because of covalent attachment of a lipid peroxidation endproduct was performed by combining proteolytic digestion followed by solidphase hydrazide enrichment and liquid chromatography LC–electrospray ionization ESI tandem mass spectrometry MSMS using both collisioninduced dissociation CID and electron capture dissociation ECD. To evaluate this approach, we selected apomyoglobin and 4hydroxy2nonenal 4HNE as a model protein and a representative endproduct of lipid peroxidation, respectively. Although the characteristic elimination of 4HNE 156 Da in CID was found to serve as a signature tag for the modified peptides, generation of nearly complete fragment ion series because of efficient peptide backbone cleavage in most cases over 75 and the capability to retain the labile 4HNE moiety of the tryptic peptides significantly aided the elucidation of primary structural information and assignment of exact carbonylation sites in the protein, when ECD was employed. We have concluded that solidphase enrichment with both CID and ECDMSMS are advantageous during an indepth interrogation and unequivocal localization of 4HNEinduced carbonylation of apomyoglobin that occurs via Michael addition to its histidine residues. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Objective —Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by extensive remodelling of the extracellular matrix architecture of the arterial wall. Recent data suggested the participation of lysosomal cysteine proteases such as cathepsin S (CTSS) in atherogenesis. The G/A polymorphism at nucleotide -25 was reported to be located in the promoter of the CTSS gene. The aim of this study was to observe the association between CTSS -25G/A polymorphism and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Chinese population sample.Methods —The polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion methods were performed to screen the CTSS gene -25G/A polymorphism in a Chinese population sample with (n=659) or without CHD (n=352).Traditional risk factors for CHD were obtained simultaneously.Results —The frequencies of the G and A allele in the total population was 0.630 and 0.370, respectively.The frequencies of -25G/A polymorphism in the CTSS gene (G: 0.626 vs. 0.633, P>0.05; A: 0.374 vs. 0.367, P>0.05) and the genotype distribution (G: 83.4 vs. 85.3, P>0.05; A: 58.0 vs. 58.5, P>0.05) were similar between CHD patients and control subjects. Moreover, CTSS genotype was not associated with severity of coronary stenosis (P>0.05) in CHD patients.Conclusion —The CTSS -25G/A polymorphism was not related with CHD in our Chinese population sample.

Economic evaluations of intensive care unit (ICU) interventions have specific considerations, including how to cost ICU stays and accurately measure quality of life in survivors. The aim of this article was to develop best practice recommendations for economic evaluations alongside future ICU randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

The modification of mitochondrial proteins enriched from rat forebrain by the major lipid peroxidation product 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE) was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry. Subcellular fractionation in conjunction with a ‘shotgun‐based’ approach that involved both conventional data‐dependent and neutral loss (NL)‐driven MS3 data acquisition on a hybrid linear ion trap‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (LTQ‐FT) was utilized. Using a relatively rapid linear HPLC gradient (1 h) for complex mixture analysis, 24 sites of HNE modification on 15 unique proteins were identified which corresponded exclusively to Michael adduct formation on histidine residues. Since a number of HNE‐modified peptides produced a predominant HNE NL fragment‐ion signal upon collision‐induced dissociation (CID), NL‐driven MS3 data‐dependent acquisition was a valuable method to enhance fragmentation information for these particular modified peptides. Of the 24 HNE modification sites identified, approximately 25% were determined from the MS3 spectra alone. We envision the reported methodology as an efficient screening approach for HNE modification site selectivity that could ultimately provide a foundation for the development of targeted schemes for the characterization of in vivo HNE‐protein adducts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Introduction:The role of intravenous (IV) iron in chronic heart failure has been well studied, however, its role in acute heart failure (AHF) is lesser well-known. Including the recent late breaking AFFIRM-HF trial, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to highlight the role of IV iron in AHF in iron deficiency.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that IV iron doesn’t change mortality or heart failure re-hospitalization rates in patients with AHF with iron deficiency.Methods:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies published from inception till May 8, 2021. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE (embase.com), and Cochrane database including only RCTs and Cohort studies. We included one prospective and one retrospective Cohort studies and two RCT in our meta-analysis. Eligible studies included adults with AHF, LVEF less than 40%-50%, and able to receive iv iron therapy. Outcomes included re-hospitalization rates and overall mortality from 30 days to 52 weeks post randomization (in one RCT). We used random-effects model calculating Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) using Review Manger 5.4 software. I2statistics was used to assess heterogeneity.Results:There were total 1561 participants in both groups (iv iron and placebo/control) of four studies. The controls were comparable in both cohort studies and both the RCTs were well matched. Our results showed re-hospitalization in 278 of 833 (33.37%) patients in the IV iron/exposure group and 337 of 728 (0.46%) patients in the placebo/control group. The pooled result showed that the risk of rehospitalization was comparable across both groups (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.62-1.17; I2=45%, P=0.14). However, subgroup analysis, including RCTs only showed that iv iron decreases re-hospitalization rate by 28% compared to placebo (RR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.82, I2=0%, P<0.00001) but didn’t improve mortality when compared to placebo (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.30, I2=0%).Conclusions:IV iron showed significant improvement in re-hospitalization rate for AHF hospitalizations in iron deficient patients but didn’t improve overall mortality. We need larger RCTs to further validate its effect on mortality.

Introduction:Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent in patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and associated with adverse clinical outcomes. VDD is thought to over-activate neurohormonal and inflammatory responses leading to left ventricular dysfunction.Hypothesis:VDD status is associated with increased in-hospital mortality rate and length of stay (LOS) in patients with acute heart failure.Methods:We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2016-2017 to examine a possible association between VDD and in-hospital mortality or LOS among patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF). We included patients 18 years or older with a primary diagnosis of AHF. Other covariates of interest included sex, age, race, insurance, income quartile by zip code, comorbidities, hospital location, and size. We used the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) categories to account for comorbidities. Bivariate analyses included Chi-square and Fisher's exact test with categorical variables and mean and median test for LOS to examine possible group differences among patients with AHF. We ran unadjusted and adjusted regression models to test the study hypothesis.Results:We identified a total of 177,811 acute heart failure discharges. Two percent (n= 3542) had VDD. The mean age in a VDD group was 72.8 ±14.06 years while in a non-VDD group was 71.5 years±14.49 (p &lt; 0.001). Among VDD patients, 56.06% were females (p &lt; 0.001); 66.70% were White, 21.70% were black, 6.61% were Hispanic (p &lt; 0.001); 18.66% were in Northeast, 30% in Mid-west, 33.8% in South and 17.5% in West hospital region (p &lt; 0.001). There was a higher proportion of Charlson Comorbidity index of three or more in VDD compared to non-VDD (80.12% vs. 69.41%; p &lt; 0.001) group. VDD status was associated with 31.5% decrease in odds of in-hospital mortality compared to non-VDD status (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.68, 95% C.I. 0.54- 0.87, p = 0.002). However, there was a small but statistically significant increase in length of stay (β = 0.95, linearized S.E. ± 0.18, 95% C.I. 0.06-0.13, p-value &lt; 0.001) in patients with VDD compared to non-VDD.Conclusions:VDD status is associated with statistically significant increased LOS, but lower in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with AHF.

The cover comb is a discrete, relatively simple technology which generates financial advantages to farmers by reducing sheep losses, particularly for late winter-spring shearings, and possibly by conserving pasture when feed reserves are low. The development, research evaluation, and extension of the cover comb have been reasonably well documented, and this enabled a spreadsheet cost-benefit model to be constructed to evaluate the return on investment in research, development, and extension associated with the cover comb. The model developed for the analysis comprised components for research and extension costs, the change in use of the cover comb by sheep class and region through time, and the benefits that accrued from alternative on-farm applications of the cover comb. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for increases of 9.5% and 12.9% of all adult sheep in New Zealand being shorn by cover comb between 1989 and 2000, reductions in sheep losses of 0.5% and 1%, and discount rates of 5% and 10%. The internal rates of return ranged from 485% to 1330%, and the net present values from $12.30 million to $49.22 million. The cover comb succeeded because it is a simple, easily adopted, risk-reducing technology that is applicable to a large animal population. This case study illustrates that investment in on-farm research can be highly profitable.

•Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) accounts 70% of all sex cord stromal tumors, of which adult types constitutes 95%. In rare cases, Primary extraovarian GCTs can occur and is supposed to arise from mesenchymal tissue along the embryonic genital ridge.•We present an unusual and a rare case in a 71 year-old-widow-Female who was admitted with the complain of dizziness and walking instability for 10 days.•Her MR enhancement revealed the right cerebellar hemisphere with abnormal mass. She underwent complete removal of tumor by right occipital paramedian approach.•Pathologic examination revealed a small round cell tumor with microfollicular pattern with Call-Exner bodies and coffee bean nuclei. IHC results were positive for Calretinin, CD99, Vimentin, Ki67 while negative for EMA, CKpan.•As, she had history of hysterectomy 45yrs ago for “Myoma of Uterus” with no pathological evidence of GCTs, the tumor was diagnosed as AGCT. Extraovarian presentation have been shown in 17 cases to date in literature and is the first case to be reported in cerebellum.

It is known that when the direct links between the base station (BS) and the users exist and are nonnegligible, consolidating direct links could significantly enhance the performance of the cooperative relaying systems. Therefore, taking the impact of direct link into account, in this article, we investigate the capacity enhancement of the nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for the Internet of Things (IoT) relay systems over the Rayleigh fading channels. Specifically, for the considered NOMA‐SWIPT system with direct links, we study a time‐switching energy harvesting (EH) architecture in which a BS transmits two symbols to the two users through the direct links and via an EH‐based relay node. On the receiving user node, we employ maximum ratio combining (MRC) to show the capacity enhancement of the considered system. Moreover, analytical expressions for the Ergodic capacity and Ergodic Sum Capacity are mathematically derived for the MRC and single signal decoding scheme, and the analytical expressions are corroborated with the Monte‐Carlo simulation results. This not only reveals the effect of different EH parameters on the system performance, but it also demonstrates the capacity enhancement of the considered NOMA‐SWIPT system compared to a similar system without direct links and to conventional OMA schemes. Taking the impact of direct link into account, in this paper, we investigate the capacity enhancement of the non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for the Internet of Things (IoT) relay systems over the Rayleigh fading channels. Analytical expressions for the Ergodic capacity and Ergodic Sum Capacity are mathematically derived for the maximum ratio combining and single signal decoding scheme which demonstrates the capacity enhancement of the considered NOMA‐SWIPT system compared to a similar system without direct links and to conventional orthogonal multiple access schemes.

Melt pool monitoring (MPM) is a technique used in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) to extract features from in-situ sensor signals that correlate to defect formation or general part fabrication quality. Various melt pool phenomena have been shown to relate to measured transient absorption of the laser energy, which in turn, can be relatable to the melt pool emission measured in MPM systems. This paper describes use of a reflectometer-based instrument to measure the dynamic laser energy absorption during single-line laser scans. Scans are conducted on bare metal and single powder layer of nickel alloy 625 (IN625) at a range of laser powers. In addition, a photodetector aligned co-axially with the laser, often found in commercial LPBF monitoring systems, synchronously measured of the incandescent emission from the melt pool with the dynamic laser absorption. Relationships between the dynamic laser absorption, co-axial MPM, and surface features on the tracks are observed, providing illustration of the melt pool dynamics that formed these features. Time-integrated measurements of laser absorption are shown to correlate well with MPM signal, as well as indicate the transition between conduction and keyhole mode. This transition is corroborated by metallographic cross-section measurement, as well as topographic measurements of the solidified tracks. Ultimately, this paper exemplifies the utility of dynamic laser absorption measurements to inform both the physical nature of the melt pool dynamics, as well as interpretation of process monitoring signals.

A rapid, convenient and reliable procedure to obtain a variety of p-quinols via microwave-assisted oxidation of the corresponding p-alkylphenols was developed. Unlike the conventional methods that require several hours, our approach provides the target compounds within 30 min.

Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is the most prevalent developmental dental anomaly. The management of missing lateral incisor was either closure using canine as substitution or creation of space orthodontically for prosthetic replacement. A careful diagnosis and treatment plan are deemed essential to address the patient’s needs as the spacing is present in the esthetic region. Such problem is very challenging for orthodontists, prosthodontists, and general practitioners. This case report describes the orthodontic management of a 22-year-old adult female patient with missing upper left lateral incisor tooth and upper anterior spacing by closing the space with canine lateralization and reshaping to simulate it with the lateral incisor. However, some modifications in the treatment mechanics are crucial to achieve the optimal esthetic and to improve the occlusion. Space closure with canine lateralization option seems less invasive, treatment can be completed relatively in a short period of time, and its adaptation with the facial changes throughout life without having artificial prosthesis provided other factors favoring for this option.

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The report evaluates surgical drainage (SD) as a primary treatment of primary iliopsoas abscess (PIA). Seventy-two patients, who underwent SD for PIA at B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal were studied. SD was performed through a lower abdominal, extra peritoneal, muscle splitting incision. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose the abscess in 53/54 patients (98%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent organism grown in 45/65 patients (69%). The mean duration of drainage was 3.2 ± 1.4 days (range, 1–7 days). The treatment was successful in resolving the abscesses in all patients. The mean hospital stay was 9.0 ± 5.4 days (range, 3–40 days). Two patients (2.8%) developed a recurrence, 10 months and 1 year after the operation, respectively. Another patient developed an incisional hernia. There were no deaths. The average cost of treatment to the patient was approximately Nepali rupees 2800 (US$ 40). Surgical drainage appears to be a cost-effective and safe treatment for PIA.

The title reaction of phenol‐substituted propargyl pivalates (I) or (III) proceeds via a formal [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement followed by a 6‐endo‐trig cyclization to give enantioenriched 2‐substituted chromenyl pivalates.

A chiral BINOL‐derived Cu(II) phosphate is successfully applied as catalyst in the asymmetric cycloisomerization—indole addition of α‐alkynylcyclohexenones (I) and (IV) to give indolyl‐substituted tetrahydrobenzofurans in good yields and stereoselectivities (up to 94% e.e.).

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.