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Introduction: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a life maintaining treatment in patients with end‐stage renal disease. Its chronic application leads to peritoneal mesothelial layer denudation and fibrotic transformation along with vascular activation of inflammatory pathways. The impact of different PD fluids (PDF) on mesothelial and endothelial cell function and repair mechanisms are not comprehensively described. Materials and Methods: Mesothelial (MeT‐5A) and endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were cultured in 1:1 ratio with cell medium and different PDF (icodextrin‐based, amino acid‐based, and glucose‐based). Cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell proliferation in 2D and spheroid formation and collagen gel contraction assays in 3D cell cultures were performed. Results: Cell proliferation and cell‐mediated gel contraction were both significantly decreased in all conditions. 3D spheroid formation was significantly reduced with icodextrin and amino acid PDF, but unchanged with glucose PDF. Adhesion was significantly increased by amino acid PDF in mesothelial cells and decreased by icodextrin and amino acid PDF in endothelial cells. Migration capacity was significantly decreased in mesothelial cells by all three PDF, while endothelial cells remained unaffected. Conclusions: In 3D phenotypes the effects of PDF are more uniform in both mesothelial and endothelial cells, mitigating spheroid formation and gel contraction. On the contrary, effects on 2D phenotypes are more uniform in the icodextrin and amino acid PDF as opposed to glucose ones and affect mesothelial cells more variably. 2D and 3D comparative assessments of PDF effects on the main peritoneal membrane cell barriers, the mesothelial and endothelial, could provide useful translational information for PD studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the potential use of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing to improve the genetic traits of palm species, such as coconut, arecanut, oil palm, and date palm. Palms face challenges such as low yield, climate change, and pests, and traditional breeding methods are hindered by the long juvenile phase and reliance on seeds. However, genome editing shows promise in addressing these challenges. The article discusses the obstacles to overcome, such as the complexity of palm genomes and the need for efficient regeneration protocols. Potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in palms include disease resistance, pest control, and preventing enzymatic browning in palm products. The article emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement in palm genomic resources and the need for further research and development in this field. Additionally, a document of references related to genome editing in various plant species is provided, offering valuable information for researchers interested in plant breeding and functional genomics. [Extracted from the article]

Task scheduling scenarios require the system designers to have complete information about the resources and their capabilities, along with the tasks and their application-specific requirements. An effective task-to-resource mapping strategy will maximize resource utilization under constraints, while minimizing the task waiting time, which will in-turn maximize the task execution efficiency. In this work, a two-level reinforcement learning algorithm for task scheduling is proposed. The algorithm utilizes a deep-intensive learning stage to generate a deployable strategy for task-to-resource mapping. This mapping is re-evaluated at specific execution breakpoints, and the strategy is re-evaluated based on the incremental learning from these breakpoints. In order to perform incremental learning, real-time parametric checking is done on the resources and the tasks; and a new strategy is devised during execution. The mean task waiting time is reduced by 20% when compared with standard algorithms like Dynamic and Integrated Resource Scheduling, Improved Differential Evolution, and Q-learning-based Improved Differential Evolution; while the resource utilization is improved by more than 15%. The algorithm is evaluated on datasets from different domains like Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) datasets of public domain, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) datasets and others. The proposed method performs consistently on all the datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiments were carried out at the Centre of Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, Thiruvannamalai, to evaluate different organic sources of nutrients with foliar application over three seasons from kharif 2015 to 2017. The application of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) at a rate of 6.5 t ha-1 along with sunhemp green manuring (SGM) in-situ incorporation on 45 days after sowing (DAS) recorded higher grain and straw yields of 2420 kg ha-1 and 3549 kg ha-1, respectively. The foliar spray of Panchakavya at 3% concentration on 45 DAS enhanced grain yield to 2423 kg ha-1 and straw yield to 3338 kg ha-1. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) {60:30:30 kg N, P2O5 K2O kgha-1} resulted in higher gross income (Rs. 84,724 per ha), net income (Rs. 55,372 per ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.84). However, the application of vermicompost at 5 t ha-1 resulted in a lower gross income. Among the foliar spray treatments, Panchakavya at 3% concentration recorded the highest gross income (Rs. 84,478 per ha), net income (Rs. 43,534 per ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.36), followed by vermiwash at 3% concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]