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The objective of the investigations was to establish the validity of certain metabolic and endocrine indicators of energy metabolism in comparison with the body condition of cows during the final stage of pregnancy and the early stage of lactation. For the investigations, three groups of eight cows each were chosen during the dry period (15 days before the expected date of calving), in early puerperium (15 days after calving) and on the 100th day of lactation. All the animals included in the experiment were primipara or at their second delivery. The body condition of the cows in advanced pregnancy and lactation was evaluated according to the Elanco Animal Health Bulletin AI 8478 system. Concentrations of glucose and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) were determined in samples of fresh blood, and concentrations of total bilirubin, urea, triiodothyronine and thyroxine in samples of blood serum. The blood samples were taken during the dry period, in early puerperium, and on the 100th day of lactation. On the grounds of the obtained results, a high degree of correlation was determined between the body condition of cows in early puerperium and BHB concentrations in blood established 15 days prior to calving (r = 0.898; p lt 0.01). Contrary to this, a significant correlation was established between the body condition of cows in the dry period and the concentration of total bilirubin in cow blood 15 days after calving (r = 0.603; p lt 0.05). Furthermore, a high degree of correlation was established between the difference in the body condition of cows in the dry period and in early puerperium (X = 0.49 ± 0.21 pints) and BHB concentration in the blood of cows prior to calving (r = 0.800; p lt 0.02). It can be concluded on the grounds of the obtained results that changes in the body condition of cows that occur in the peripartal period are in significant correlation with BHB concentration in the blood of cows in the dry period and the concentration of total bilirubin in early pu, Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi validnost nekih metaboličkih i endokrinih pokazatelja energetskog metabolizma u poređenju sa telesnom kondicijom krava tokom poslednje faze graviditeta i rane faze laktacije. Za ispitivanje su odabrane tri grupe od po osam krava u periodu zasušenja (15 dana pre očekivanog termina teljenja), ranom puerperijumu (15 dana nakon teljenja) i 100. dana laktacije. Sve životinje uključene u ogled bile su prvotelkinje i drugotelkinje. Telesna kondicija krava u visokom graviditetu i laktaciji je ocenjivana prema sistemu Elanco Animal Health Buletin AI 8478. U uzorcima sveže krvi određivana je koncentracija glukoze i beta-hidroksi buterne kiseline (BHB), a u uzorcima krvnog seruma koncentracija ukupnog bilirubina, uree, trijodtironina i tiroksina. Uzorci krvi uzimani su u zasušenju, ranom puerperijumu i 100. dana laktacije. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata visok stepen korelacije utvrđen je između telesne kondicije krava u ranom puerperijumu i koncentracije BHB u krvi 15 dana pre teljenja (r = 0,898; p lt 0,01). Nasuprot tome, značajna korelacija je utvrđena između telesne kondicije u zasušenju i koncentracije ukupnog bilirubina u krvi krava 15 dana posle teljenja (r = 0,603; p lt 0,05). Dodatno je ustanovljen visok stepen korelacije između razlike u telesnoj kondiciji krava u zasušenju i ranom puerperijumu (X = 0,49 ± 0,21 poena) i koncentracije BHB u krvi krava pre teljenja (r = 0,800; p lt 0,02). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da su promene telesne kondicije krava koje nastaju u peripartalnom periodu u značajnoj korelaciji sa koncentracijom BHB u krvi krava u zasušenju i koncentracijom ukupnog bilirubina u ranom puerperijumu. .

The objective of the investigations presented in this work was to establish the effects of a glycerol-based energy supplement in the diet of high-yield dairy cows on their body condition and production results during the early stage of lactation. Forty-seven cows were selected before calving, and they were divided into two groups: controls (n=26) and experimental (n=21). Cows of the experimental group were administered the preparation 'Energy Top' (Biochem GMBH, Germany), in a quantity of 250 ml daily during the final two weeks of the dry period and until the 60th day of lactation. The body condition score (BCS) of all cows was determined 10 days before calving, and on days 15 and 60 after calving. Blood samples were taken 10 days before and 15 days after calving, and concentrations of glucose and beta hydroxi-butyric acid (BHBA) were determined in all samples. Average daily milk production of all cows was measured on days 30 and 60 of lactation. The results showed that the differences in BCS between the dry period and puerperium, or the dry period and the 60th day of lactation, were within physiological values in the experimental group of cows, and higher than physiological values in the control group. Glucose concentration was statistically significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group of cows 10 days before calving (p lt 0.05) and 15 days after calving (p lt 0.01). Fifteen days after calving, the BHBA concentration in the control group of cows was significantly higher (p lt 0.01) than in the experimental group. On days 30 and 60 of lactation, the milk yield of experimental cows was higher than of those in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The obtained results indicate that energy supplements should be used as an integral part of the feed ration during the peripartal period in order to prevent changes in the body condition score of cows by more than 0.7 points, and also that, in cows with a daily mi, Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu je bio da se utvrdi uticaj energetskog dodatka na bazi glicerola u ishrani visokomlečnih krava na zdravstveno stanje i proizvodne rezultate u ranoj fazi laktacije. Petnaest dana pre teljenja odabrano je 47 krava koje su podeljene u dve grupe: kontrolnu (n=26) i oglednu (n=21). Kravama ogledne grupe je u poslednje dve nedelje zasušenja i do 60. dana laktacije dodavan u hranu preparat 'Energy Top' (Biochem GMBH, Nemačka), u količini od 250 ml dnevno. Svim kravama je ocenjena telesna kondicija (OTK) 10 dana pre teljenja, 15. i 60. dana nakon teljenja. Uzorci krvi su uzeti 10 dana pre i 15 dana nakon teljenja i u njima su određeni koncentracija glukoze i beta hidroksi-buterne kiseline (BHBA). Kod svih krava je izmerena prosečna dnevna proizvodnja mleka 30. i 60. dana laktacije. Rezultati su pokazali da su razlike u OTK između perioda zasušenja i perioda puerperijuma, odnosno perioda zasušenja i 60. dana laktacije u okviru fizioloških vrednosti kod ogledne grupe krava, a veće od fizioloških vrednosti kod kontrolne grupe. Koncentracija glukoze je bila statistički značajno viša kod ogledne nego kod kontrolne grupe krava 10 dana pre teljenja (p lt 0,05) i 15 dana nakon teljenja (p lt 0,01). Petnaest dana nakon teljenja koncentracija BHBA kod kontrolne grupe krava je bila značajno veća (p lt 0,01) nego kod ogledne grupe. 30. i 60. dana laktacije mlečnost krava ogledne grupe je bila veća, ali ne statistički značajno, od mlečnosti kontrolne grupe krava. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu korišćenja energetskih dodataka kao sastavni deo obroka u peripartalnom periodu u cilju sprečavanja promena u telesnoj kondiciji krava za više od 0,7 poena, kao i da kod krava sa dnevnom proizvodnjom mleka do 30 l energetski dodatak ima stimulativni uticaj na proizvodnju mleka do uspostavljanja energetske ravnoteže, odnosno u ovom slučaju oko tridesetog dana posle teljenja.

Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita uticaj spoljašnje temperature na vrednosti trijasa kod visoko mlečnih krava u ranoj fazi laktacije, kao i da se na osnovu stepena korelacije između vrednosti trijasa i dnevnog toplotnog indeksa (THI) utvrdi mogućnost korišćenja ispitanih fizioloških parametara organizma kao pokazatelja toplotnog stresa. U ogled je bilo uključeno 10 visoko mlečnih krava u prvoj fazi laktacije. Ispitivanje je izvedeno tokom jula i prve polovine avgusta. Tokom izvođenja ogleda svakog dana je određivan prosečan THI. Izloženost jedinke toplotnom stresu bila je uslovljena prosečnom dnevnom vrednošću THI većom od 70. Dvanaest puta tokom perioda ispitivanja (30.juna, 4.jula, 7. jula, 10. jula, 14. jula, 17. jula, 21. jula, 24. jula, 29. jula, 5. avgusta, 11. avgusta i 14. avgusta) kravama je određivan trijas. Na osnovu vrednosti THI utvrđeno je da su ispitivane životinje 30. juna, 4. jula, 7. jula, 14. jula, 17. jula, 21. jula, 29. jula, 5. avgusta i 14. avgusta bile izložene delovanju toplotnog stresa, dok 10. jula, 24. jula i 11. avgusta toplotnog stresa nije bilo. Prosečna telesna temperatura je u svim periodima ispitivanja, izuzev 24. jula, bila je iznad gornje fiziološke granice. Utvrđen je visok stepen korelacije između telesne temperature i toplotnog indeksa (r = +0, 509; p = 0,05). Broj respiratornih pokreta u minuti bio je iznad fizioloških vrednosti tokom celog perioda ispitivanja. Između broja respiratornih pokreta i THI postojao je visok stepen korelacije (r = + 0,625; p LT 0,05). Prosečne vrednosti pulsa i broja kontrakcija buraga nisu značajno varirale tokom perioda ispitivanja. Nije utvrđena značajna korelacija između vrednosti pulsa i THI, kao ni između motoričke aktivnosti buraga i THI. Dobijeni rezultati u ovom radu pokazuju da su kod visokomlečnih krava izloženih umerenom toplotnom stresu, telesna temperatura i broj respiratornih pokreta iznad fiziološki dozvoljenih vrednosti. Na osnovu toga može se zaključiti da se ova dva parametra tri, The objective of this work was to examine the influence of outer temperature on values of the vital signs (temperature, pulse, respiration) in high-yield dairy cows in early stages of lactation, as well as to establish, on the grounds of the degree of correlation between the values for the vital signs and the temperature humidity index (THI), possibilities for using the examined physiological parameters of the organism as an indicator of heat stress. The experiment covered 10 high-yield dairy cows in the first phase of lactation. The investigations were carried out in the course of July and the first half of August. During the course of the experiment, the average THI was determined daily. An average daily THI higher than 70 indicated that the animal had been exposed to heat stress on that day. Vital signs were measured on twelve occasions during the period of investigation (June 30, July 4, July 7, July 10, July 14, July 17, July 21, July 24, July 29, August 5, August 11, and August 14). It was established on the grounds of the THI values that the examined animals were exposed to heat stress on June 30, July 4, July 7, July 14, July 17, July 21, July 29, August 5, and August 14, while there was no heat stress on July 10, July 24, and August 11. The average body temperature during all the periods of examination, with the exception of July 24, was above the upper physiological limit. A high degree of correlation was established between body temperature and the heat index (r = +0. 509; p = 0.05). The number of respiratory movements per minute was above the physiological values during the entire period of investigation. There was a high degree of correlation between the number of respiratory movements and THI (r = + 0.625; p LT 0.05). The average pulse values and number of contractions of the rumen did not vary significantly during the period of investigation. No significant correlation was established between the pulse and THI values, or between motoric activities of

Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu je bio da se ispita povezanost telesne kondicije i zamašćenja jetre kod visoko-mlečnih krava. Za ogled je izabrano 100 krava holštajn rase u zasušenju. Telesna kondicija je ocenjena jedanput u zasušenju, puerperijumu i 2. mesecu laktacije prema sistemu Elanco Animal Health Buletin Al 8478. Gubitak u telesnoj kondiciji je označen prekomernim ako je iznosio preko 0,7 poena između dve uzastopne faze ciklusa, odnosno preko 1,5 poena između zasušenja i 2. meseca laktacije. Uzorci jetre su uzeti 12 dana nakon teljenja i ispitani na sadržaj masti. Polovina (50%) krava je imalo blag (3,92±3,33% masti), 33% srednji (19,28±5,18% masti), a 17% krava visok stepen zamašćenja jetre (36,21±4,55% masti). Prosečne OTK krava su iznosile 3,79±0,55 (zasušenje), 3,18±0,34 (puerperijum) i 2,90±0,29 (2. mesec laktacije). Prekomeran gubitak u telesnoj kondiciji između zasušenja i puerperijuma je imalo 38% krava, 20% između zasušenja i 2. meseca laktacije i 8% između puerperijuma i 2. meseca laktacije. Telesnu kondiciju izvan fizioloških granica je imalo 39% krava u zasušenju, 49% krava u puerperijumu i 9% krava u 2. mesecu laktacije. Kada su krave podeljene na osnovu stepena zamašćenja jetre, utvrđeno je da su samo krave sa visokim stepenom zamašćenja jetre bile pregojene u zasušenju, kao i da je kod ove grupe krava u 76,47% slučajeva nastao prekomeran gubitak u telesnoj kondiciji od zasušenja do puerperijuma, u 47,06% od zasušenja do 2. od meseca laktacije i u 23,53% od puerperijuma do 2. meseca laktacije što ukazuje da pojačana lipomobilizacija kod ove grupe krava počinje u periodu oko teljenja vrlo rano, pre nego što nastane značajan porast u proizvodnji mleka. Naši rezultati ukazuju na postojanje značajne povezanosti telesne kodnicije i zamašćenja jetre koja se može utvrditi jedino detaljnom analizom telesne kondicije krava u zapatu. Pored toga, rezultati jasno ukazuju da telesna kondicija nije jedini etiološki faktor u nastanku masne jetre kod krava., The aim of this study was to estimate the association between body condition and fatty liver in high-yielding dairy cows. One hundred dry Holstein cows were selected. Cows were scored once for body condition during the dry period, puerperium and month 2 of lactation, according to the system provided by Elanco Animal Health Buletin Al 8478. Body condition loss was determined as marked if loss was over 0.7 points between two consecutive phases of cycles and over 1.5 points between puerperium and month 2 of lactation. Liver tissue samples were taken 12 d after calving and tested for lipid content. 50% of cows had mild (3.92 ± 3.33% fat), 33% moderate (19.28 ± 5.18% fat), and 17% severe fatty liver (36.21 ± 4.55% fat). The mean body condition scores were 3.79 ± 0.55 (dry period), 3.18 ± 0.34 (puerperium) and 2.90 ± 0.29 (month 2 of lactation). Marked body condition loss from the dry period to puerperium had 38% of cows, 20% from dry period to month 2 of lactation and 8% from puerperium to month 2 of lactation. Body condition scores out of the physiological range had 39% dry cows, 49 % cows in puerperium and 9% cows at month 2 of lactation. After dividing cows into groups according to fatty liver degree, it was shown that only cows with severe fatty liver were obese during the dry period and that 76.47% of cows from this group had marked condition loss from the dry period to puerperium, 47.06% from dry period to month 2 of lactation and 23.53% from puerperium to month 2 of lactation. These indicate that in cows with severe fatty liver lipomobilisation is intensive and starts around calving, before milk production enhacement. Our results indicate a strong association between body condition and fatty liver in cows, which can be estimated only when body condition is analyzed in details. Besides, our results clearly indicate that body condition is not the only etiological factor that leads to fatty liver in dairy cows.

Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi validnost nekih metaboličkih i endokrinih pokazatelja energetskog metabolizma u poređenju sa telesnom kondicijom krava tokom poslednje faze graviditeta i rane faze laktacije. Za ispitivanje su odabrane tri grupe od po osam krava u periodu zasušenja (15 dana pre očekivanog termina teljenja), ranom puerperijumu (15 dana nakon teljenja) i 100. dana laktacije. Sve životinje uključene u ogled bile su prvotelkinje i drugotelkinje. Telesna kondicija krava u visokom graviditetu i laktaciji je ocenjivana prema sistemu Elanco Animal Health Buletin AI 8478. U uzorcima sveže krvi određivana je koncentracija glukoze i beta-hidroksi buterne kiseline (BHB), a u uzorcima krvnog seruma koncentracija ukupnog bilirubina, uree, trijodtironina i tiroksina. Uzorci krvi uzimani su u zasušenju, ranom puerperijumu i 100. dana laktacije. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata visok stepen korelacije utvrđen je između telesne kondicije krava u ranom puerperijumu i koncentracije BHB u krvi 15 dana pre teljenja (r = 0,898; p LT 0,01). Nasuprot tome, značajna korelacija je utvrđena između telesne kondicije u zasušenju i koncentracije ukupnog bilirubina u krvi krava 15 dana posle teljenja (r = 0,603; p LT 0,05). Dodatno je ustanovljen visok stepen korelacije između razlike u telesnoj kondiciji krava u zasušenju i ranom puerperijumu (X = 0,49 ± 0,21 poena) i koncentracije BHB u krvi krava pre teljenja (r = 0,800; p LT 0,02). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da su promene telesne kondicije krava koje nastaju u peripartalnom periodu u značajnoj korelaciji sa koncentracijom BHB u krvi krava u zasušenju i koncentracijom ukupnog bilirubina u ranom puerperijumu. ., The objective of the investigations was to establish the validity of certain metabolic and endocrine indicators of energy metabolism in comparison with the body condition of cows during the final stage of pregnancy and the early stage of lactation. For the investigations, three groups of eight cows each were chosen during the dry period (15 days before the expected date of calving), in early puerperium (15 days after calving) and on the 100th day of lactation. All the animals included in the experiment were primipara or at their second delivery. The body condition of the cows in advanced pregnancy and lactation was evaluated according to the Elanco Animal Health Bulletin AI 8478 system. Concentrations of glucose and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) were determined in samples of fresh blood, and concentrations of total bilirubin, urea, triiodothyronine and thyroxine in samples of blood serum. The blood samples were taken during the dry period, in early puerperium, and on the 100th day of lactation. On the grounds of the obtained results, a high degree of correlation was determined between the body condition of cows in early puerperium and BHB concentrations in blood established 15 days prior to calving (r = 0.898; p LT 0.01). Contrary to this, a significant correlation was established between the body condition of cows in the dry period and the concentration of total bilirubin in cow blood 15 days after calving (r = 0.603; p LT 0.05). Furthermore, a high degree of correlation was established between the difference in the body condition of cows in the dry period and in early puerperium (X = 0.49 ± 0.21 pints) and BHB concentration in the blood of cows prior to calving (r = 0.800; p LT 0.02). It can be concluded on the grounds of the obtained results that changes in the body condition of cows that occur in the peripartal period are in significant correlation with BHB concentration in the blood of cows in the dry period and the concentration of total bilirubin in early pu

The concentration of total proteins, albumin, total bilirubin, and glucose were examined in the blood of healthy cows and those with left displaced abomasum. Significant digressions from physiological values in cows with left displaced abomasum were established in proteinemia (x = 87.92 g/l) and in bilirubinemia (x = 10.29 μmol/l). Hyperproteinemia indicates chemoconcentration in the diseased animals, which is also indicated in significantly higher concentrations of albumin in the diseased in comparison with the healthy animals (x = 41.94 - 3.5 : 36.89 - 3.95 g/l). The higher values for glucemia in the diseased against the healthy animals (x = 2.628 : 2.203 mmol/l) could indicate disrupted function of B-cells of the endocrine pancreas. This data can come in useful in setting the diagnosis, but it also has no less importance in the determination of the prognosis for the disease. Determining the liver function during the disease should contribute to the better knowledge of its role in the degree of the occurrence of this health disorder, as well as the outcome of the disease itself. This is of particular importance having in mind that displaced abomasum most frequently occurs in the early stage of lactation, when a negative energy balance is already present. This state is conducive to the occurrence of fatty liver, and that is why displaced abomasum can contribute even further to the process of fat accumulation, having in mind that diseased animals consume significantly smaller quantities of feed., U krvi zdravih krava i onih obolelih od dislokacije sirišta na levo, ispitivana je koncentracija ukupnih proteina, albumina, ukupnog bilirubina i glukoze. Značajna odstupanja od fizioloških vrednosti kod krava sa dislokacijom sirišta ustanovljena su u proteinemiji (x = 87,92 g/l) i bilirubinemiji (x = 10,29 _mol/l). Hiperproteinemija ukazuje na hemokoncentraciju u obolelih životinja, o čemu svedoči i značajno veća koncentracija albumina kod obolelih u odnosu na zdrave životinje (x = 41,94±3,5:36,89±3,95 g/L). Veće vrednosti glikemije u obolelih u odnosu na zdrave životinje (x = 2,628:2,203 mmol/l) mogu da ukažu na poremećenu funkciju B-ćelija endokrinog pankreasa. Ovaj podatak može biti koristan pri postavljanju dijagnoze, ali ne manji značaj ima i pri proceni prognoze bolesti. Utvrđivanje funkcije jetre tokom bolesti treba da doprinese boljem poznavanju njene uloge u stepenu nastanka poremećaja zdravstvenog stanja kao i samom ishodu bolesti. Ovo je posebno značajno ako se ima u vidu da se dislokacija sirišta najčešće pojavljuje u ranoj fazi laktacije, kada inače postoji negativan bilans energije. Ovo stanje predisponira nastajanje zamašćenja jetre pa zbog toga dislokacija sirišta može još više da doprinese procesu zamašćenja jer bolesne životinje konzumiraju značajno manje količine hrane.

Fibromi predstavljaju veoma česte neoplazme kože kod različitih vrsta divljači iz porodice Cervidae. Kod pojedinih vrsta divljači iz ove porodice, dokazana je virusna etiologija neoplazmi kože, pri čemu se najčešće dijagnostikuju: fibromi, osifikujući fibromi, fibrosarkomi, multipla neurofibromatoza, fibropapilomi i papilomi. Dijagnostikovani tumor kod srne se histološki odlikovao polimorfizmom fibroblasta što nije slučaj kod domaćih životinja. Ovaj nalaz se može smatrati kao karakteristika fibroma za životinje iz porodice Cervidae. Solitarni fibromi ili multipli fibromi (fibromatoza) ne predstavljaju značajan uzrok uginuća kod jelenske divljači, međutim izazivaju zabrinutost kod lovaca koji su u direktnom kontaktu sa njima. Iako fibromi ne dovode do kvara mesa jelenske divljači, estetski izazivaju odbojnost i nerado korišćenje mesa odstreljene divljači., Fibromas present very frequent skin neoplasms in different species of wild game of the family Cervidae. Viral etiology of skin neoplasms was proven in certain species of wild game from this family, with the most frequent diagnoses being: fibromas, ossifying fibromas, fibrosarcomas, multiple neurofibromatosis, fibropapillomas, and papillomas. The diagnozed tumor in the roe deer had the histological characteristics of a polimorphous fibroblast, which is not the case with domestic animals. This finding can be considered as a characteristic of fibromas in animals of the family Cervidae. Solitary fibroma or multiple fibroma (fibromatosis) does not present a significant cause of deer deaths, but they cause concern among hunters who are in direct contact with them. Although fibromas do not lead to spoilage of game meat, they are esthetically repellent and people are reluctant to consume meat of such game.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of energy status of cows, estimated by body condition score, on the incidence and the degree of hepatic lipidosis during the early stage of lactation. Cows were divided into four groups: dry, early puerperal, early lactation and late lactation period. Each group consisted of 60 cows. Body condition was scored by the method established in Elaco Animal Health Buletin Al 8478. According to this method, body condition score is represented numerically from 1 to 5 points. Liver samples for pathohistological analyses were taken by biopsy from early lactation cows (60. day of lactation). Fat content in hepatocytes was determined morphometrically and results were compared with criteria based on total lipid and triglyceride content in liver tissue. On farm A, average body condition scores were in a range from 3.31, at sixty days of lactation, to 3.86 points in the dry period. Nevertheless, the range was wider on farm B, and was from 2.18 points at sixty days of lactation to 4.15 points at the dry period. Besides, differences in average body condition scores were higher than 1 point, and in some cases (between late lactation or dry period to sixty days of lactation) were almost 2 points. The incidence and the degree of hepatic lipidosis strongly differ between the two examined farms. On farm A the incidence of hepatic lipidosis was 18.33 percent, while on farm B that percent was much higher (43.32). A significant difference was established in the degree of hepatic lipidosis between those two farms. On farm A diffuse hepatic lipidosis was determined in 5.0 percent of cows, while on farm B that percent was 18.33. According to these results, most of the cows on farm B had uncontrolled lipomobilisation and severe fatty liver during the early lactation period, probably due to the obesity of these cows in late lactation and the dry period., Cilj istraživanja, obrađenog u ovom radu, bio je da se utvrdi uticaj energetskog statusa krava, procenjen na osnovu telesne kondicije, na učestalost i stepen zamašćenja jetre u ranoj fazi laktacije. Za ispitivanja su odabrane 4 grupe od po 60 krava koje su bile u periodu zasušenja, ranom puerperijumu, ranoj i kasnoj fazi laktacije. Telesna kondicija krava uključenih u ogled je ocenjivana prema sistemu Elanco Animal Health Buletin Al 8478. Prema ovom sistemu ocena telesne kondicije se izražava numerički od 1 do 5 poena. Od krava koje su bile u ranoj fazi laktacije (60. dana) biopsijom su uzimani uzorci tkiva jetre za patohistološ ka ispitivanja. Sadržaj masti u hepatocitima određivan je morfometrijski a dobijeni rezultati su upoređivani sa kriterijumima dobijenim na osnovu količine ukupnih lipida i triglicerida u tkivu jetre. Na farmi A prosečne vrednosti ocena telesne kondicije su se kretale od najmanje 3,31 60. dana laktacije, do najviše 3,86 poena u zasušenju. Na farmi B su utvrđena veća odstupanja, tako da je prosečna vrednost ocene telesne kondicije 60. dana laktacije bila 2,18 poena, a u zasušenju 4,15 poena. Osim toga, na farmi B razlike između prosečnih vrednosti ocena telesne kondicije su veće od 1 poena, a u nekim slučajevima (između poslednje faze laktacije i perioda zasušenja u odnosu na šezdeseti dan laktacije) su skoro 2 poena. Rezultati ispitivanja učestalosti i stepena zamašćenja jetre dobijeni na dve farme se takođe značajno razlikuju. Dok je na farmi A zamašćenje jetre ustanovljeno kod 18,33% krava, na farmi B je taj procenat bio značajno veći (43,32). Značajne razlike postoje i u stepenu zamašćenja jetre krava sa ove dve farme. Na farmi A difuzno zamašćenje jetre je ustanovljeno kod 5%, a na farmi B kod 18,33% ispitivanih životinja. Po svemu sudeći, na farmi B, kao rezultat gojaznosti većine krava u poslednjoj fazi laktacije i zasušenju, u ranoj fazi laktacije započinje nekontrolisana lipomobilizacija i nastaje težak oblik zamašćenja jetre.

The objective of these investigations was to examine possibilities for preventing fatty liver in cows during the peripartal period using the preparation HEPARENOL which includes methionine, lysine and choline in its composition. Investigations were performed on cattle of the Holstein breed whose average production during their last lactation was 8120 liters. The cows included in the experiment were divided into three groups of 10 cows each. Cows of the first group were administered the preparation HEPARENOL perorally 5-7 days before partus in daily doses of 50 ml per animal, and then daily during the first seven days after parturition in daily doses of 100 ml per animal. The second group of cows were administered the preparation in the same way as the first group, but they also received vitamin C injected deep i.m. in doses of 1000 mg per animal per day. The third group of cows were not exposed to any treatment and served as the control group. The body condition of the cows was marked according to the system Elanco Animal Health Bulletin Al 8478. Blood samples were taken by puncture of the jugular vein before the beginning of treatment, and on the third and 12th days after partus. The glucose concentration was determined in the blood samples. On the 12th day after partus, liver tissue samples were taken by biopsy for pathohistological examinations. Since the cows were fed in the same way and were in the same phase of the production-reproduction cycle, the average score of the body condition before treatment was approximately the same. However, on the 3rd day after partus, cows of the second experimental group showed average values that were significantly lower in comparison with the other two groups of cows. It is very interesting that a significantly lower value of glycemia (x=1.93±0.34 mmol/l) was established in the same group of cows at this time. In cows of the first experimental and the control group, glycemia was approximately the same during the examined peri, Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu je bio da se ispita mogućnost preveniranja zamašćenja jetre krava u peripartalnom periodu primenom preparata HEPARENOL koji u svom sastavu sadrži metionin, lizin i holin. Ispitivanja su obavljena na kravama holštajn rase čija je prosečna proizvodnja mleka u poslednjoj laktaciji bila 8120 litara. Krave uključene u ogled podeljene su u tri grupe od po deset krava. Kravama prve grupe je pet do sedam dana pre teljenja peroralno aplikovan preparat HEPARENOL u dnevnoj dozi od 50 ml po životinji, a zatim svakodnevno tokom prvih sedam dana posle teljenja u dnevnoj dozi od 100 ml po životinji. Drugoj grupi krava je pored ovog preparata koji je aplikovan na isti način kao i prvoj grupi krava, duboko i.m ubrizgavan vitamin C u dozi od 1000 mg po životinji na dan. Treća grupa krava nije bila izložena nikakvom tretmanu i služila je kao kontrolna grupa. Telesna kondicija krava je ocenjena prema sistemu Elanco Animal Health Buletin Al 8478. Uzorci krvi su uzimani punkcijom vene jugularis pre početka tretmana, kao i trećeg i dvanaestog dana posle teljenja. U uzorcima krvi je određivana koncentracija glukoze. Dvanaestog dana posle teljenja biopsijom su uzimani uzorci tkiva jetre za patohistološka ispitivanja. Pošto su krave hranjene na isti način bile u istoj fazi proizvodno-reproduktivnog ciklusa, prosečna ocena telesne kondicije pre tretmana je bila približno ista. Medjutim, trećeg dana posle teljenja kod krava druge ogledne grupe dobijena prosečna vrednost je bila značajno niža u odnosu na druge dve grupe krava. Vrlo je interesantno da je u to vreme kod iste grupe krava ustanovljena značajno niža vrednost glikemije (x =1,93 ± 0.34 mmol/l). Kod krava prve ogledne i kontrolne grupe glikemija je bila približno ista u ispitivanom periodu. Kod krava druge ogledne grupe, dvanaestog dana posle teljenja koncentracija glukoze se značajno povećala (x = 2,42 ± 0,58 mmol/l) u odnosu na vrednosti dobijene trećeg dana, ali je i dalje bila značajno niža u odnosu na