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Penicillin is undoubtedly the antibiotic most effective on Treponema pallidum, but is it possible to prescribe it according to a standard regimen? Experimentation proves that such a uniform therapeutic plan cannot be determined for the following reasons: 1) Treponema pallidum may divide every 30 to 33 hours, but this concept is only established during the period of exponential growth in the initial lesion. Moreover, if Treponema pallidum are very quickly disseminated throughout the organism, then they do not divide at the same rate. In addition, we take into account a whole series of factors which can interfere with their rate of multiplication. 2) A penicillinemia of 0.03 U/ml may kill all the Treponema pallidum when they divide, but Dr. Eagle's data, although this would be a fairly active serum level, showed that the effective maximal serum concentration should be far higher, about 0.820 U/ml. The experimental data prove it is not possible to point out an accurate correlation between blood and tissue levels; thus, the penicillin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are about 1/100 lower than those obtained in the serum. Among other factors it is necessary to take into account not only the age of the patient but also the penicillin complex chosen. Although the total of injected penicillin can be the same, the kinetics of serum levels are essentially variable, both regarding the increase of levels and duration according to the drug used. 3) As noted it follows that penicillinotherapy prescribed early with high and prolonged doses may allow a bacteriologic sterilization of primary syphilis. At the secondary stage, however, it usually is not possible to kill all the Treponema pallidum which have invaded an organism for a long time, even with very high and repeated doses. This latent state is shown by an irreducible positive serology and may look like “a clinically apparent healing,” but is not at all a bacteriologic sterilization.

ABSTRACTAd CFTR, a replication-deficient adenovirus expressing the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), was administered by aerosolization in a single escalating dose to three pairs (cohorts) of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Buffer only was administered to the nose and lungs 9––14 days before nasal instillation of virus followed the day after by aerosolization of Ad CFTR to the lung. Nasal doses (defined in terms of viral plaque forming units, pfu) were 105, 107, and 4 ×× 108, whereas aerosolized doses were 107, 108, 5.4 ×× 108for each cohort, respectively. No acute toxic effects were observed in the first 4 weeks after virus treatment. Shedding of infectious Ad CFTR was never detected, whereas detection of vector DNA sequences and CFTR expression demonstrated DNA transfer to the nose and airways of patients. No significant deviations in immunological and inflammatory parameters were observed in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Importantly, for all patients, the serum anti-adenovirus antibody levels did not change significantly from baseline and no antibodies against adenovirus were found in BAL.

In the absence of cytochalasin B, synthetic Paf-acether (0.1–10 μM) induced oxygen radical production in polymorphonuclear neutrophils as measured by the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) test. This effect was observed after a lag period of 10 s and was maximal between 5 and 15 min. In the presence of cytochalasin B, the kinetics were shortened, but the lag period was not modified and the same concentrations of the agonist had to be used to induce LDCL. None of the structural analogs tested (2-lyso Paf-acether, Paf-acether enantiomer, 1 ester analog of Paf-acether, lyso-phosphatidycholine) were active, irrespective of the presence of cytochalasin B. Paf-acether (10 μM) shortened the kinetics of opsonized zymosan (10 μg/ml)-induced LDCL and enhanced it by 550% and 250% at 5 min and 10 min respectively, without affecting the peak value. Similar results were obtained using non-opsonized zymosan (100 μg/ml). Lower concentrations of Paf-acether (0.1 μM) were also able to increase oxygen radical production induced by low doses of zymosan and opsonized zymosan. The triggering and enhancing effects of Paf-acether on oxygen radical production by resting and stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils support the role of Paf-acether in inflammation.

To compare the effects of chronic administration of two dihydropyridines, nifedipine and amlodipine, and the non-dihydropyridine Ca2antagonist mibefradil on fluid filtration of large arteries and extravasation of albumin in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Measurements of acid and pepsin secretions and of histamine release in response to food alone or in combination with graded doses of antramine (AH), a molecular form of histamine isolated from antral mucosa, with or without somatostatin were performed simultaneously in dogs equipped with a denervated pouch.

The effects of antramine, an antral histamine (AH), and of synthetic histamine (SH) on acid, pepsin, and gastrin responses to meals alone or in combination with somatostatin were studied in dogs equipped with a Heidenhain pouch. Food-induced acid secretion was potentiated by AH and only slightly increased by SH. Pepsin secretion was increased by AH and decreased by SH. Both AH and SH suppressed the inhibitory activity of somatostatin on food-induced secretion. AH potentiated gastrin response to feeding but decreased it when somatostatin was added to the meal. Since acid secretion was unrelated to gastrin response, it would appear that the secretory effects of AH involve a direct action on secreting cells, itself based on the suppression of somatostatin inhibition. Gastric secretion is probably related to gastrin efficacy on secreting cells, which would result from the antagonistic effects of somatostatin and AH. These data suggest an alternative hypothesis concerning the role of histamine in the control of gastric secretion.

Abstract2-Bromo-4-methoxyaniline was obtained by treatment of 2,6-dibromo-4-methoxyaniline with n-butyllithium.

The article presents views of architect Matthieu Poitevin on considering architecture as non-compliant when it respects the freedom of each individual's experience; and non-compliance and incomplete architecture as an alternative to the authoritarian architecture.

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in children. Improvement in the treatment has resulted in survival rates of nearly 85% with modern intensive chemotherapy. However, intensive treatment imposes morbidity and mortality. Thromboembolic events are among the more frequent and serious complications of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. They represent a potentially reversible cause of morbidity and mortality. In the largest study, the rate of thrombosis was 5.2% and half of thrombotic events occurs in the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of this increased thrombotic risk is not fully understood, but probably includes a combination of variables related to the disease itself, its treatment, and the host. In literature, there are few studies about the role of lymphoid blasts and of derived microparticules (MP) in these complications.

The poem "I Feel the Memory of Writing You" by poet Pedro Poitevin is presented. First Line: I feel the memory of writing you; Last Line: deep in the shadow of my passing through.

The poem "GUILTY UNTIL PROVEN DEAD" by Pedro Poitevin is presented. First Line: A black man was gunned down because he fled. Last Line: His name was guilty until proven dead.