Search

This paper compares Dostoevsky's The Gambler (1866) to certain features of Thomas De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater (1821) to show that the two texts demonstrate the emergence of a simulacral culture of the modern self. The De Quincean model of subjectivity is presented as a prototype of the modern self before The Gambler is investigated in its light. Insofar as the self is constructed in the context of social environments, modernity is characterized by a mimetic mode we might call intensity , where the modern self finds and creates its identity through repetitive patterns of mediated experience. In particular, it is argued that the first-person narrators of Confessions and The Gambler exemplify the obsessive cycle of self - production —a characteristically modern addiction to the decentring and multiplication of the self, rooted in the need for the intoxicating effect of strong sensations and imaginary experience. Self-production functions in a cycle of passion, transgression, and suffering, followed by anticipation of change and renewal, on a par, psychologically, with rebirth or resurrection. The major difference between the works is that, while Confessions emphasizes the causality of social conditions, The Gambler is predicated on the uniquely Russian sense of destiny (sud'ba). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Suzanne Keen's theory of narrative empathy, this article shows a variety of narrative techniques employed by the famous eighteenth century English woman writer, Eliza Haywood, in the amatory novel of intrigue "Idalia, Or, The Unfortunate Mistress" (1723) to evoke the reader's empathy. They include character identification, an excessive conflict paradigm, narrative voice, focalization as well as the narrator's intrusion, known in narratology as metallepsis. The narrative analysis leads to the conclusion that from the addresseeorientated perspective the author creates an ambassadorial emphatic discourse that enables her to communicate thoughts to other members of the women's community with a view to involving them in the experience of the main character who is vulnerable to sexual desire and betrayal. By doing so, Haywood pursues the goals of not only exercising women readers in "fellow-feeling" but acquiring knowledge about themselves through empathizing, and influencing attitudes to a woman's limited role in society as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes a statement by Blair that the conditions of interpretation of visual expression are indeterminate to a much greater degree than is the case with verbal expression. We argue that this proposition reveals a somewhat hidden paradigm about what argument theory is or should be. This currently dominant paradigm takes as its object a prototypical verbal discourse from which arguments can be "reconstructed" in a fairly straightforward way. In this article, we argue that accepting multimodal discourse as a means to convey argumentation implies the necessity of a serious amendment of this paradigm. The problem of modeling the protagonist's commitments inevitably requires our having to deal more with indeterminate, "raw" discourse formats, not to be replaced by verbal reconstructions. It requires our incorporating multimodal semiotics as an integrated element of argumentation theory; and it requires our accepting that argumentative commitments are deliberately underspecified and negotiable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational biology is an interdisciplinary field, and many computational biology research projects involve distributed teams of scientists. To accomplish their work, these teams must overcome both disciplinary and geographic barriers. Introducing new training paradigms is one way to facilitate research progress in computational biology. Here, we describe a new undergraduate program in biomolecular structure prediction and design in which students conduct research at labs located at geographically-distributed institutions while remaining connected through an online community. This 10-week summer program begins with one week of training on computational biology methods development, transitions to eight weeks of research, and culminates in one week at the Rosetta annual conference. To date, two cohorts of students have participated, tackling research topics including vaccine design, enzyme design, protein-based materials, glycoprotein modeling, crowd-sourced science, RNA processing, hydrogen bond networks, and amyloid formation. Students in the program report outcomes comparable to students who participate in similar in-person programs. These outcomes include the development of a sense of community and increases in their scientific self-efficacy, scientific identity, and science values, all predictors of continuing in a science research career. Furthermore, the program attracted students from diverse backgrounds, which demonstrates the potential of this approach to broaden the participation of young scientists from backgrounds traditionally underrepresented in computational biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an integrated modelling framework for the joint problems of network design, fleet deployment and empty repositioning in liner shipping. In our problem the number of service routes and their design are an endogenous part of the problem. The cost of a route is a set function mapping a subset of edges, vessel types and quantities to deploy to the set of non-negative real numbers. Since such cost structures cannot be accommodated in a compact formulation, our modelling framework, which is based on the paradigm of the Benders reformulation, integrates separate problems aiming to obtain a solution to the integrated problem. In this work we look at the Benders approach as a tool for integrating separate optimization problems rather than decomposing an integrated holistic optimization problem. Our numerical experiments show that the method is very efficient in solving instances of this problem with respect to both the problem size and the computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the aspects of Turkish postmodernism of the "second wave", which is justified by an insignificant number of theoretical works and inadequate elaboration of studies concerning the representatives of Turkish postmodernism "second wave". The exception is represented by the works of Russian turkologists M.M. Repenkova and O.V. Kareva, who consider the features of the postmodern paradigm in their studies within the novelistics of the leading representatives of the Turkish postmodernism "second wave". The representatives of the "second wave" (Hasan Ali Toptaş, İhsan Oktay Anar, Perihan Mağden, Kürşat Başar, etc.) were not the object of close research before, and therefore the consideration of their creativity as the next stage in the development of Turkish postmodernism is relevant. The "second wave" of postmodernism is characterized by the appeal to the literature of symbolic modeling in 1990s. During this period, the literature of postmodernism develops into a powerful trend, which becomes the predominant trend of the cultural life of Turkey in 2000s. It is worth noting that, if in the postmodern prose of 1980s was marked by the dominance of "lyrical stream", then in 1990s and 2000s the dominant trend was represented by narrative modification. Hasan Ali Toptaş, known for his mastery of language use, is regarded as one of the main representatives of the second wave of postmodern literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When one contrasts pain with the classic five senses, discussions generally focus on vision, which is taken as the paradigmatic example of perception. An intentionalist might argue that if the phenomenal difference between feeling and seeing bodily disturbances cannot be explained at the level of the content, it can be so at the level of the mode of presentation, and more particularly at the level of the structure of the spatial phenomenology of pain. Here I will argue that the spatial phenomenology of pain shares some key features with touch by contrast to sight, but these similarities should not make us neglect major differences between these two types of bodily sensations. I shall then draw the consequences of these differences for the awareness of one's body as one's own. In brief, to fix the boundaries of the body that one experiences as one's own, one must answer two questions: (i) where does the body stop, and the rest of world start? and (ii) what matters for self-preservation? I will suggest that touch primarily answers the first question, whereas pain primarily answers the second question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approximate computing paradigm provides methods to optimize algorithms while considering both application quality of service and computational complexity. Approximate computing can be applied at different levels of abstraction, from algorithm level to application level. Approximate computing at algorithm level reduces the computational complexity by approximating or skipping computational blocks. A number of applications in the signal and image processing domain integrate algorithms based on discrete optimization techniques. These techniques minimize a cost function by exploring an application parameter search space. In this paper, a new methodology is proposed that exploits the computation-skipping approximate computing concept. The methodology, named Smart Search Space Reduction(S ssr ), explores at design time the Pareto relationship between computational complexity and application quality. At run time, an approximation manager can then early select a good candidate configuration. S ssr reduces the run time search space and, in turn, reduces computational complexity. An efficient S ssr technique adjusts at design time the configuration selectivity while selecting at run time the most suitable functions to skip. The real time High Efficiency Video Coding Hevc encoder in All Intra(AI) profile is used as a case study to illustrate the benefits of S ssr . In this application, two discrete optimizations are performed. They explore different coding parameters and select the values leading to the minimal cost in terms of a tradeoff between bitrate, quality and computational energy by acting on both the Hevc coding-tree partitioning and the intra-modes. Combining two S ssr s iterations on this use case, the energy consumption is reduced by up to 77%. Moreover, the combination of the two S ssr s iterations in comparison to using only one reduces the BD-BR bitrate/quality metric by 4% for the same energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impracticality of using the confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) approach in testing measurement invariance across many groups is now well known. A concertedeffort to addressing these encumbrances over the last decade has resulted in a new generation of alternative methodological procedures that allow for approximate, rather than exact measurement invariance across groups. The purpose of this article is twofold: (a) to describe and illustrate common difficulties encountered when tests for multigroup invariance are based on traditional CFA procedures and the number of groups is large, and (b) to walk readers through the maximum likelihood (ML) alignment approach in testing for approximate measurement invariance. Methods: Data for this example application derive from an earlier study of family functioning across 30 cultures that include responses to the Family Values Scale for 5,482 university students drawn from 27 of these30 countries. Analyses were based on the Mplus 7.4 program. Results: Whereas CFA tests for invariance revealed 108 misspecified parameters that precluded tests for latent mean differences, noninvariant results were well within the acceptable range for the alignment approach thereby substantiating the trustworthiness of the latent mean estimates and their comparison across groups. Conclusion: The alignment approach in testing for approximate measurement invariance provides an automated procedure that can overcome important limitations of traditional CFA procedures in large-scale comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure head rotation movement times in a Fitts' paradigm and to investigate the transition region from ballistic movements to visually controlled movements as the task index of difficulty (ID) increases.Background: For head rotation, there are gaps in the knowledge of the effects of movement amplitude and task difficulty around the critical transition region from ballistic movements to visually controlled movements.Method: Under the conditions of 11 ID values (from 1.0 to 6.0) and five movement amplitudes (20° to 60°), participants performed a head rotation task, and movement times were measured.Results: Both the movement amplitude and task difficulty have effects on movement times at low IDs, but movement times are dependent only on ID at higher ID values. Movement times of participants are higher than for arm/hand movements, for both ballistic and visually controlled movements. The information-processing rate of head rotational movements, at high ID values, is about half that of arm movements.Conclusion: As an input mode, head rotations are not as efficient as the arm system either in ability to use rapid ballistic movements or in the rate at which information may be processed.Application: The data of this study add to those in the review of Hoffmann for the critical IDs of different body motions. The data also allow design for the best arrangement of display that is under the design constraints of limited display area and difficulty of head-controlled movements in a data-inputting task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Russian Formalism from a paradigm perspective has an integrative methodological value compared with traditional approaches. From the three different levels (philosophy, knowledge and operation) inherent to the paradigm perspective, this paper reexamines several theoretical problems that were previously thought to be settled: the theoretical construction of Russian Formalism, its development and its theoretical foundation. It shows that the Russian Formalistic paradigm is not only a literary phenomenon, but also relates to the fields of linguistics and philosophy, and at the knowledge level consists of the three schools of Formalistic Literature, Formalistic Linguistics and Formalistic Functionalism. The paper also points out that the lifespan of the paradigm from beginning to decline was longer than the ten years generally believed by scholars. Finally, the paradigm's theoretical foundation does not originate from Husserl's phenomenology or the literary schools related to it, as previously assumed, but from the linguistic methodologies of historical comparativism and structuralism, as well as the common aesthetic theory within philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to show that formal analysis and reconstructions may be useful to discuss and shed light on substantive meta-theoretical issues. We proceed here by exemplification, analysing and reconstructing as a case study a paradigmatic biochemical theory, the Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) theory of allosterism, and applying the reconstruction to the discussion of some issues raised by prominent representatives of the new mechanist philosophy. We conclude that our study shows that at least in this case mechanicism and (some version of) more traditional accounts are not rivals but complementary approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we ask how well people fulfill informational motives by using the judgments of others. We build on advice-taking research from the judgment and decision making literature, which has developed a distinct paradigm to test how accurately people incorporate information from others. We use a literature review to show that people have mixed success in fulfilling informational motives-they increase their accuracy through the use of advice, but not as much as they could. We develop insights about how people perceive advisors and try to pursue advice-and where their perceptions may lead them astray. We conclude by proposing that future work further investigate the reasons people fail to use advice by building on the current advice taking paradigm used in judgment and decision making, but with a richer understanding of advice taking as a dynamic process that often entails complex decisions and normative motives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there are many studies that reveal all peculiarities of the terminology in general - beginning with Wüster Eugene, the “father” of terminology, till now. Despite of the fact that it is a specific and integrative part of the lexicon of any language, the terminology represents a branch apart with its internal rules, “connections” and features. In the context of globalization process that implies the international cooperation in many special fields, the standardization feature of terminology is very helpful facilitating the transfer of information between professionals that are speaking different languages and represent different cultures. In this order of ideas, referring to the main subject of our investigation the specialized terms of cosmetology, we would like to underline the fact that it is a field common for many countries, providing more or less similar services and products using a internationalized terms. Partially this fact could be explained by the interconnection and/or merging of many related fields such as chemistry, medicine, anatomy, dermatology, aesthetics, botany etc., that bring with them the linguistic corpus forming a variety of derivational and compound specialized words, abbreviations, specialized “phraseological units” etc. We decided to take under the magnifying glass the derivational paradigm of the terminology of the cosmetological field supposing that numerous cosmetological terms have lexical roots and affixes borrowed from Latin and Greek (antioxidant, subcutaneous, dermatitis, exfoliation, (d)epilation, epidermis, abdominal, hypoallergenic etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localization to delocalization transitions in eigenfunctions are studied for finite interacting boson systems by employing one- plus two-body embedded Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices [EGOE(1+2)]. In the first analysis, considered are bosonic EGOE(1+2) for two-species boson systems with a fictitious ( F) spin degree of freedom [called BEGOE(1+2)- F]. Numerical calculations are carried out as a function of the two-body interaction strength (λ). It is shown that, in the region (defined by [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that an accent on resistance pervasive in current literature on consumer culture and religion drives a narrow application of Michel de Certeau's distinction between strategies and tactics. This paradigmatic appropriation of Certeau's work uses his notion of tactics to describe a mode of Christian resistance that can persist even without overthrowing the strategic grid of consumer culture. Situating quotidian tactics within the wider body of his work, I argue that they are not, for Certeau, primarily signs of resistance, but signs of absence: living realities that pulse within and against systems of strategies that can never quite contain them. I propose reading tactics through a hermeneutic of absence to open a space for a theological account of consumer culture that takes seriously the irreducibility of our experiences, even those in and through the distortions of the contemporary market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paradigmatic status of the Sanskrit periphrastic future is widely taken for granted. I argue that all the criteria for distinguishing the periphrastic future as a paradigmatic tense formation from a syntactic collocation of agent noun plus copula are problematic, except in one small set of Sanskrit texts. The evidence requires a nuanced diachronic approach: in early Vedic Prose we may reasonably speak of a paradigmatic 'periphrastic future' (though it may not be periphrastic), but outside this period the formation is merely a special use of the agent noun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze one of the practical aspects of changing the paradigm with the introduction of the operative concept of post-truth. It is about the mechanism of the functioning of a relative truth in the case of rewriting history and also in the literary writing on historical themes. As an application domain, we have chosen the Phanariot period, a core of interest after 2010, on the editorial market. In this context, we will punctually refer to the social micro-history essays of Constanța Vintilă-Ghițulescu, and to the historical novels of Doina Ruști. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article discusses briefly, along the lines proposed by the organizers of the conference dedicated to 'Contemporary Strategies of Literary and Cultural Histories', the possible changes of paradigm in literary criticism and theory under the assumption of a complexity dominated world. Its conclusion is that a new way of "metaphoric thinking" based on "multivalued concepts", among them amnesia and anamnesis mentioned by the organizers, represents one of the most adequate ways to establish a new paradigm for the technological age of tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that widespread adoption of new educational strategies and teaching materials is hindered because efforts to develop and support systemic adoption of these strategies have occurred and continue to occur within the dissemination paradigm. It mentions that dissemination paradigm focuses primarily on the innovation. It states that dissemination paradigm characterizes patterns of these current, failing efforts.

Through the analysis of Mariano Campo's (1892-1976) published works and thanks to further insights offered by some unpublished manuscripts, the profile of a philosopher is outlined, whose main interest, throughout his academic and research activity, has been aesthetics. More specifically, Campo has focused on the centrality of feelings to human aesthetic experience: it is through feeling that we experience a transfiguration of reality, which happens paradigmatically when, in front of an artwork, we appreciate it as an integral whole, a totality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both English and the Romance languages allow, to varying degrees, adjectives to alternate, in predicative position, with certain types of indefinite NPs containing an adjective. This article describes the indefinite constructions in question and the language-specific limits on their predicative use. It also explores the general conditions favouring the choice of one or the other of these complex constructions in lieu of an expression of the category AdjP. Focus widening seems to be a key concept. The languages considered in the article are English, French, Italian, Romanian and Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study uses data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education to interrogate the affinity disciplines hypothesis through students' perceptions of faculty use of six of Chickering and Gamson's (AAHE Bull 39(7):3-7, 1987) principles of good practice for undergraduate education. We created a proportional scale based on Biglan's (J Appl Psychol 57(3):195-203, 1973) classification of paradigmatic development (with higher scores on the scale corresponding to students taking a higher proportion of courses in 'hard' fields compared to 'soft' fields), our study tests differences by the paradigmatic development of the disciplines or fields in which students take their courses within the first year of college. Our findings suggest that as paradigmatic development increases (toward a higher proportion of courses taken in hard disciplines), student perceptions of both faculty use of prompt feedback and faculty use of high expectations/academic challenge decrease, while student perceptions of cooperative learning increase. Further, no statistically significant differences were found between the paradigmatic development of fields in which students' take their courses and students' perceptions of faculty use of student-faculty contact, active and collaborative learning, or teaching clarity and organization. This study replicates the findings from Braxton et al. (Res High Educ 39(3):299-318, 1998) using student-level rather than faculty-level reports of faculty use of good teaching practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the methods employed in causal reasoning in sociology, which can be viewed as analytic. As a paradigmatic example of these methods, the Simon-Blalock method is examined. First, those characteristics of a method of science that turn it into an analytic method are delineated. Then the article offers a general characteristic of methods of causal reasoning as employed in sociology and shows why they can be viewed as being analytic by their very nature. Finally, the article shows how Durkheim combined analytic methods applied to egoistic suicide with nonanalytic methods in his causal reasoning about this type of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inequalities in the creative industries are known to be persistent and systemic. The model of production in UK film and television (UKF&TV) is argued to exclude on the basis of gender, race and class. This article considers a social category that has been overlooked in these debates: disability. It argues that workers with impairments are ‘doubly disabled’ – in both the labour markets and labour processes of UKF&TV. It concludes that disability cannot simply be incorporated in an additive way in order to understand the exclusion of these workers, but that they face qualitatively different sources of disadvantage compared with other minorities in UKF&TV workplaces. This has negative implications for workers with impairments in other labour markets, as project and network-based freelance work, a contributor to disadvantage, is seen as both increasingly normative and paradigmatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have identified and analyzed the emergence, structure and dynamics of the paradigmatic research fronts that established the fundamentals of the biomedical knowledge on HIV/AIDS. A search of papers with the identifiers "HIV/AIDS", "Human Immunodeficiency Virus", “HIV-1” and "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" in the Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), was carried out. A citation network of those papers was constructed. Then, a sub-network of the papers with the highest number of inter-citations (with a minimal in-degree of 28) was selected to perform a combination of network clustering and text mining to identify the paradigmatic research fronts and analyze their dynamics. Thirteen research fronts were identified in this sub-network. The biggest and oldest front is related to the clinical knowledge on the disease in the patient. Nine of the fronts are related to the study of specific molecular structures and mechanisms and two of these fronts are related to the development of drugs. The rest of the fronts are related to the study of the disease at the cellular level. Interestingly, the emergence of these fronts occurred in successive "waves" over the time which suggest a transition in the paradigmatic focus. The emergence and evolution of the biomedical fronts in HIV/AIDS research is explained not just by the partition of the problem in elements and interactions leading to increasingly specialized communities, but also by changes in the technological context of this health problem and the dramatic changes in the epidemiological reality of HIV/AIDS that occurred between 1993 and 1995. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past couple of years, research on display content for helicopter operations headed in a new direction. The already reached goals could evolve into a paradigm change for information visualization. Technology advancements allow implementing three-dimensional and conformal content on a helmet-mounted see-through device. This superimposed imagery inherits the same optical flow as the environment. It is supposed to ease switching between display information and environmental cues. The concept is neither pathbreaking nor new, but it has not been successfully established in aviation yet. Nevertheless, there are certainly some advantages to expect—at least from perspective of a human-centered system design. Within the following pages, the next generation displays will be presented and discussed with a focus on human factors. Beginning with recalling some human factor related research facts, an experiment comparing the former two-dimensional research displays will be presented. Before introducing the DLR conformal symbol set and the three experiments about an innovative drift, indication related research activities toward conformal symbol sets will be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter focuses on conceptual models that may enable institutional researchers and scholars to better study the student veteran experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In infancy, maternal socioeconomic status ( SES) is associated with real-time language processing skills, but whether or not (and if so, how) this relationship carries into adulthood is unknown. We explored the effects of maternal SES in college-aged adults on eye-tracked, spoken sentence comprehension tasks using the visual world paradigm. When sentences ended in highly plausible, expected target nouns (Exp. 1), higher SES was associated with a greater likelihood of considering alternative endings related to the action of the sentence. Moreover, for unexpected sentence endings (Exp. 2), individuals from higher SES backgrounds were sensitive to whether the ending was action-related (plausible) or unrelated (implausible), showing a benefit for plausible endings. Individuals from lower SES backgrounds did not show this advantage. This suggests maternal SES can influence the dynamics of sentence processing even in adulthood, with consequences for processing unexpected content. These findings highlight the importance of early lexical experience for adult language skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation studies has experienced several paradigmatic turns since James Holmes presented his seminal paper in 1972. Each turn has provided the field with new insights. However, it has often seemed that each turn has somehow forgotten the legacy of its predecessors. Moreover, after Popovič and Levý' s untimely departure from the translation community, memories and references to their work started to fade away and were usually reduced to a footnote, as if their ideas were no longer valid and had nothing to offer the field today. However, we have seen an unprecedented boom in international interest in "Eastern" translation studies/translatology, and various conferences were organized dedicated to their legacy (Prague, Bologna, Leuven, Vienna etc.), suggesting that their ideas are worthy of further exploration, reinvestigation and testing against the new environment. Therefore, the paper suggests naming this new phenomenon relating to "Slavic" TS as the "re-turn", which has been enabled by the development of the cultural and social situation in the post-socialist world in which we saw the mental Iron Curtain enduring much longer than the actual, physical one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Media Research / Zeszyty Prasoznawcze is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In two cross-linguistic priming experiments with native German speakers of L2 English, we investigated the role of constituent order and level of embedding in cross-linguistic structural priming. In both experiments, significant priming effects emerged only if prime and target were similar with regard to constituent order and also situated on the same level of embedding. We discuss our results on the basis of two current theoretical accounts of cross-linguistic priming, and conclude that neither an account based on combinatorial nodes nor an account assuming that constituent order is directly responsible for the priming effect can fully explain our data pattern. We suggest an account that explains cross-linguistic priming through a hierarchical tree representation. This representation is computed during processing of the prime, and can influence the formulation of a target sentence only when the structural features specified in it are grammatically correct in the target sentence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Simultaneous interpretation is a cognitively demanding process that requires a high level of language management. Previous studies on bilinguals have suggested that extensive practice managing two languages leads to enhancements in cognitive control. Thus, interpreters may be expected to show benefits beyond those seen in bilinguals, either as an extension of previously-seen benefits or in areas specific to interpretation. The present study examined professional interpreters (N = 23) and matched multilinguals (N = 21) on memory tests, the color-word Stroop task, the Attention Network Test, and a non-linguistic task-switching paradigm. The interpreters did not show advantages in conflict resolution or switching cost where bilingual benefits have been noted. However, an interpretation-specific advantage emerged on the mixing cost in the task-switching paradigm. Additionally, the interpreters had larger verbal and spatial memory spans. Interpreters do not continue to garner benefits from bilingualism, but they do appear to possess benefits specific to their experience with simultaneous interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study investigated the phonological preparation unit when planning spoken words with native Chinese speakers who speak English as a Second Language (ESLs). In Experiment 1, native Chinese speakers named pictures in Chinese, and the names shared the same onset, same rhyme, or had nothing systematically in common. No onset effect was shown, suggesting that native Chinese speakers did not use onset as their preparation unit. There was a rhyme interference effect, probably due to lexical competition. In Experiment 2, the same task was conducted in English among Chinese ESLs and native English speakers. Native speakers showed onset facilitation whereas ESLs did not show such an effect until Block 3. ESLs’ phonological preparation unit is likely to be influenced by their native language but with repetition they are able to attend to sub-syllabic units. Both groups showed rhyme interference, possibly as a result of joint lexical and phonological competition. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

What is the time course of cross-language activation in deaf sign–print bilinguals? Prior studies demonstrating cross-language activation in deaf bilinguals used paradigms that would allow strategic or conscious translation. This study investigates whether cross-language activation can be eliminated by reducing the time available for lexical processing. Deaf ASL–English bilinguals and hearing English monolinguals viewed pairs of English words and judged their semantic similarity. Half of the stimuli had phonologically related translations in ASL, but participants saw only English words. We replicated prior findings of cross-language activation despite the introduction of a much faster rate of presentation. Further, the deaf bilinguals were as fast or faster than hearing monolinguals despite the fact that the task was in their second language. The results allow us to rule out the possibility that deaf ASL–English bilinguals only activate ASL phonological forms when given ample time for strategic or conscious translation across their two languages. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A comprehensive review of linguistic accounts of the structure of words and their relation to one another would of course have to begin long ago, with the work of grammarians in the classical Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Arabic and other traditions. As a starting point for an understanding of the views on morphology held by linguists today, though, it seems reasonable to focus on the development of this field over the course of the twentieth century, and especially during the last half of that century, a period in which the work of Peter Matthews played a particularly important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a systematic exposition of how the basic ideas of Construction Grammar (CxG) (Goldberg, ) and the Parallel Architecture ( PA) of grammar (Jackendoff, ) provide the framework for a proper account of morphological phenomena, in particular word formation. This framework is referred to as Construction Morphology (CxM). As to the implications of CxM for the architecture of grammar, the article provides evidence against a split between lexicon and grammar, in line with CxG. In addition, it shows that the PA approach makes it possible to be explicit about what happens on which level of the grammar, and thus to give an insightful account of interface phenomena. These interface phenomena appear to require that various types of information are accessible simultaneously, and it is argued that constructional schemas have the right format for expressing these mutual dependencies between different types of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile crowdsensing, as an emerging sensing paradigm, relies significantly on wireless communication networks to provide QoS guaranteed data transmission among smartphone users on phenomena of common interest. The explosively growing number and varieties of smartphones impose heavy burdens on the communication infrastructures of mobile crowdsensing. The communication performance of crowdsensing may deteriorate in some high-density areas due to the overwhelming communication requests, while the wireless bandwidth in other areas may not be fully utilized with sporadic and infrequent communication requests. Therefore, it is of great necessity to consider the imbalanced utilization of wireless resources in the design of a communication paradigm in mobile crowdsensing to meet the stringent QoS requirements. To this end, in this article we propose a congestion-aware communication paradigm for sustainable dense mobile crowdsensing in order to achieve efficient load balancing and reliable communication in mobile crowdsensing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Writing is an art sprang from time immemorial. Cunieform to digital print is an immortal process. Each art is both a successful and a desolate experiment with contemporary ideologies. Sequel writing has matured beyond leaps and bounds inviting and sabotaging new literatures. Colonial ideologies have striked from neo colonial versimilitude to 'theoritical' framework and vice versa. Geoffrey Chaucer's Prologue to the Canterbury Tales experimented with Boccacio's Decameron or William Shakerpeare's Anthony and Cleopatra against John Dryden's All for Love and many more fervently establish the thoughts of continuum in the sequel. The three megalopolis text i have chosen to sue bare the ideas will help me probe through my paper a series of creativity, over arched thought process and repetitive histography in the writings of cannonical history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revises the formal and semantic interpretation of the Coan hapax á¼€ποβλῆι (IG XII 4, 72, l. 55) attested in fragmentary ritual prescripts where it is juxtaposed with the form of the passive aorist (á¼¢ á¼€ποβλῆι á¼¢ καταγῆι). It is preferable to treat á¼€ποβλῆι, Homeric ξυμβλá½µτην and ξυμβλá½µμεναι, and similar forms of the paradigm of βάλλω preserved by the scholarly tradition as a single formal type rather than to explain them as occasional back-formations. Grouping these forms with the aorists in *-eh1- is impossible on formal grounds. The forms in question continue the Indo- European active root aorist. In the Coan passage á¼€ποβλῆι is used antipassively and is to be translated ‘[if it] falls into pieces'. This solution is supported by the parallels in the inventory lists from Delos where τá½° á¼€πο- βεβλημá½³να means ‘fragments' and á¼€ποβληθεá½·ς is to be translated as ‘fallen into pieces' rather than ‘discarded' or ‘lost'. Antipassive construction isalso typical of some other meanings of á¼€ποβάλλω/á¼€ποβάλλομαι, whereas thisverb is apparently unattested in truly intransitive function. Antipassive construction is also characteristic of some other examples of the root aorist, such as ἐκτρá¿¶ι ‘miscarries' in Coan, Homeric ξυμβλá½µμεναι ‘to come to blows', or á¼”γνως ‘you are right'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research programs in empirical psychology from the past two decades have revealed implicit biases. Although implicit processes are pervasive, unavoidable, and often useful aspects of our cognitions, they may also lead us into error. The most problematic forms of implicit cognition are those which target social groups, encoding stereotypes or reflecting prejudicial evaluative hierarchies. Despite intentions to the contrary, implicit biases can influence our behaviours and judgements, contributing to patterns of discriminatory behaviour. These patterns of discrimination are obviously wrong and unjust. But in remedying such wrongs, one question to be addressed concerns responsibility for implicit bias. Unlike some paradigmatic forms of wrongdoing, such discrimination is often unintentional, unendorsed, and perpetrated without awareness; and the harms are particularly damaging because they are cumulative and collectively perpetrated. So, what are we to make of questions of responsibility? In this article, we outline some of the main lines of recent philosophical thought, which address questions of responsibility for implicit bias. We focus on (a) the kind of responsibility at issue; (b) revisionist versus nonrevisionist conceptions of responsibility as applied to implicit bias; and (c) individual, institutional, and collective responsibility for implicit bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Transmission of Food Preference (STFP) is a single trial non-aversive learning task that is used for testing non-spatial memory. This task relies on an accurate estimate of a change in food preference of the animals following social demonstration of a novel flavor. Conventionally this is done by providing two flavors of powdered food and later estimating the amount of food consumed for each of these flavors in a defined period of time. This is achieved through a careful measurement of leftover food for each of these flavors. However, in mice, only a small (~1 g) amount of food is consumed making the weight estimates error prone and thereby limiting the sensitivity of the paradigm. Using multiplexed video tracking, we show that the pattern of consumption can be used as a reliable reporter of memory retention in this task. In our current study, we use this as a measure and show that the preference for the demonstrated flavor significantly increases following demonstration and the retention of this change in preference during remote testing is flavor specific. Further, we report a modified experimental design for performing STFP that allows testing of change in preference among two flavors simultaneously. Using this paradigm, we show that during remote testing for thyme and basil demonstrated flavors, only basil demonstrated mice retain the change in preference while thyme demonstrated mice do not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter examined the concept of 'Ecodomy' - life in its fullness - as it unfolds in the Book of Ruth. The book is dated to the post-exilic period in the history of Israel, and is read as narrative critique against the Moabite paragraph in Deuteronomy 23:3-5, and against the way that this text is interpreted and implemented in the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Naomi, Ruth and Boaz, the protagonists in the narrative, become paradigmatic of the situation in post-exilic Israel. Their stories, dealing with loss and the actions they take in order to heal the brokenness become indicative for the post-exilic community. As the narrative plot develops, the chapter aims to indicate how 'life in its emptiness' is changed into 'life in its fullness' by the courage and creative initiative of individuals, even if it meant overstepping boundaries and challenging the social conventions of the time. Against the exclusivist policy of Ezra and Nehemiah, the Book of Ruth argues that foreigners may be included in the community of YHWH and that their solidarity with Israel is to the benefit of all the people. The point that the chapter wishes to make, is that life in its fullness cannot be taken for granted, but requires effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sahrawi people, who have long lived in the western part of the Sahara, have been housed in refugee camps in Tindouf, Algeria, since 1975—the year that Morocco took de facto control of Western Sahara. Their situation poses many questions, including those regarding the status of their state-in-exile, the role of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and the length of their displacement. The conditions in the Tindouf camps present a paradigmatic case study of the liminal space inhabited by long-term refugees. Over the decades, residents have transformed these camps into a state-like structure with their own political and administrative institutions, which has enabled the international community to gain time to search for an acceptable political solution to the long-term conflict between the Polisario Front (the Sahrawi rebel national liberation movement) and the Moroccan government. The existence of a state-like structure, however, should not itself be understood as the ultimate solution for the thousands of people in these camps, who are currently living in extreme poverty, surviving on increasingly meager international aid, and enduring an exceptionally long wait for the favorable conditions whereby they may return to their place of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims at offering a first approach to the study of the metathesis or 'transposition' of the plural morpheme in enclitic clitic clusters -- with the imperative, the infinitive and the gerund. This is a non-standard phenomenon that occurs in the colloquial register of Spanish. For the study of this 'pluralization' of the object when it is combined with another objective pronoun (nos, os), we use an innovative corpus, with data collected from the Internet and Twitter. The goals of this study are to offer a large documentation of this feature and to discover both its distribution in the Spanish-speaking world and the frequency with which it affects each pronoun (nos, os), each verb and each verbal form (imperative, gerund and infinitive). We also connect the phenomenon under study with a number of changes currently affecting the pronominal paradigm in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]