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O presente trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Pesquisa e Treinamento em Aquicultura (CEPTA/1BAMA), município de Pirassununga, SP. Foram utilizados 60 pacus, dos viveiros da Estação de Piscicultura do CEPTA, com peso médio de 600g. Foi realizado um teste visando avaliar o efeito do Femben-dazote (adicionado no alimento em diferentes dosagens), sobre os nematódeos presentes no tubo intestinal do pacu, utilizando três tratamentos: Tl - grupo testemunha (ração sem Fembendazole), T2 - 20mg de Fembendazole/kg de ração e T3 - 40mg de Fembendazo-le/kg de ração. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado. A unidade experimental foi o peixe. Não houve diferença significativa (P 0,05) entre os tratamentos com anti-helmintico Fembendazole nas dosagens de 20mg/kg e 40/ng/kg de ração e o grupo testemunha.This study was done at lhe Agricultural Centre for Training and Research (CEPTA/IBAMA) m the municipality of Pirassununga, São Paulo. Sixty pacus, wilh an average weight of 600g were obtained from the nurseries of the fish statíon at CEPTA. An experiment to determine the ejfect of fenbendazole (added to the ration in varíous doses) on nematodes in the alimentary canal ofthe pacu was realized using three treatments. Tl - contrai group (ration without fenbendazole, T2 - 20mg fenbendazole/kg ration, and T3 - 40mgfenbendazole/kg ration. The experimental ouüine was totally random. The fish was the experimental unit. There was no significam dijference (P 0.05) befween the treatments wilh the anti-helminthic fenbendazole added to the ration in doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg and the contrai group.

Abstract: The chemical composition of fish otoliths can provide valuable information for determining the nursery value of estuaries to adult populations of coastal fishes. However, understanding temporal variation in elemental fingerprints at different scales is important as it can potentially confound spatial discrimination among estuaries. Otolith elemental ratios (Li:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Cu:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca and Pb:Ca) of Platichthys flesus and Dicentrarchus labrax, from several estuaries along the Portuguese coast in two years and three seasons (spring, summer and autumn) within a year, were determined via Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Elemental fingerprints varied significantly among years and seasons within a year but we achieved accurate classifications of juvenile fish to estuarine nursery of origin (77–96% overall cross-validated accuracy). Although elemental fingerprints were year-specific, variation among seasons did not hinder spatial discrimination. Estuarine fingerprints of pooled seasonal data were representative of the entire juvenile year class and attained high discrimination (77% and 80% overall cross-validated accuracy for flounder and sea bass, respectively). Incorporating seasonal variation resulted in up to an 11% increase in correct classification of individual estuaries, in comparison to seasons where accuracies were lowest. Overall, understanding the implications of temporal variations in otolith chemistry for spatial discrimination is key to establish baseline data for connectivity studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Provision of risk-appropriate care for newborn infants and mothers was first proposed in 1976. This updated policy statement provides a review of data supporting evidence for a tiered provision of care and reaffirms the need for uniform, nationally applicable definitions and consistent standards of service for public health to improve neonatal outcomes. Facilities that provide hospital care for newborn infants should be classified on the basis of functional capabilities, and these facilities should be organized within a regionalized system of perinatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing rates of freshwater habitat loss in the Chesapeake Bay (and elsewhere) have renewed interest in the role of freshwater in population integrity for euryhaline fishes. Freshwater habitats may be important nurseries for juveniles of anadromous species. Using length-weight residuals and scales, we determined if body condition and growth of juvenile (<120 mm total length) white perch Morone americana (a semi-anadromous species) differed between brackish and freshwater tributaries within the Blackwater River drainage (Chesapeake Bay Watershed, U.S.A.). We then examined how monthly variation in body condition varied with monthly variation in selected environmental factors. Body condition differed between tributaries and was greater in freshwater (specific conductivity <0.45 mS) than brackish water when water temperature was greater than 9.6°C. White perch growth rates did not differ between tributaries, except for a short time during summer or early fall. Some anadromous fishes may spawn in freshwater to promote greater body condition, thereby ensuring a quality contingent of individuals for the population. With continued loss or impairment of freshwater habitat, the availability of nurseries for juvenile white perch will be reduced and reduce the number of quality juveniles recruiting to the adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: While ecological roles, ecosystem services and economic values of coral reefs worldwide are threatened by increasing anthropogenic and environmental pressures, the best management tools currently employed to offset reefs degradation do not achieve conservation objectives. There is therefore an urgent need to develop alternative instruments, focused on active management acts. In this study the applicability of an in situ coral intensive farming was tested, as first step of an active reef rehabilitation strategy, in the reefs of Singapore (China Sea, Western Pacific Ocean) that suffer from extreme sedimentation loads. About 3000 nubbins obtained from 13 coral species were farmed for 14months in situ in two nurseries, one placed close to fish-farm pens and the other located away from the direct influence of the fish-farm effluents. After one year of mariculture, average of coral survival rates was low (34%). Survivorship (loss resulted primarily from coral detachment, not coral death) significantly differed among species, and, within each species, between nurseries. Despite the adversities imposed by the rough environmental conditions, the survived nubbins showed high growth rates. Growth and 3D architectures of farmed colonies significantly varied among coral species and nursery locations. Results reported here indicate that the first step of the coral gardening is feasible also in reefs impacted by high sedimentation rates and support the idea that future integrated coastal management programs can successfully include in situ coral mariculture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study on the knowledge of plant species diversity among wholesale production nurseries in the U.S. The researchers created an online survey with items related to production at wholesale nurseries, landscape plant diversity and demographics. They also taped interviews with 13 nursery professional in Oregon about plant species diversity. They found that there is a general understanding that diversity among plant species in landscapes is ecologically important.

ObjectiveTo determine the extent to which national and local UK guidelines for the early years sector address key recommendations for encouraging healthy eating based on best available evidence.DesignPhase 1 comprised a literature review to identify new evidence to assess current relevance of the Caroline Walker Trust (CWT) ‘Eating well for under-5 s in child care’ guidelines. Phase 2 assessed the completeness of seven local to national-level government guidelines by comparison with the ‘gold standard’ CWT guidelines.SettingDesk-based review using secondary data.SubjectsResearch literature and statutory guidelines on healthy eating in early years settings.ResultsPhase 1 retrieved seventy-five papers, of which sixty were excluded as they addressed compliance with nutritional and food-based standards only. One report examined a social marketing tool and was deemed too narrow. The remaining fourteen documents assessed interventions to encourage healthy eating in early years settings. Following quality assessment, seven documents were included. Nine key recommendations were identified: (i) role of government; (ii) early years setting policy/guidelines; (iii) training; (iv) menu planning; (v) parents; (vi) atmosphere and encouragement; (vii) learning through food; (viii) sustainability; and (ix) equal opportunities. Phase 2 identified that all seven guidelines included the nine key recommendations but sporadic cover of sub-key recommendations.ConclusionsMore detail is needed on how early years settings can encourage children to eat healthily. Research is required to develop second-layer guidance for interactive materials. Clear processes of communication and support for parents are required. Ways food relates to children's wider learning and social development need further thought, requiring collaboration between the Department of Health and the Department for Education. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A trial was conducted in the Trujillo state, Venezuela, in order to compare the growth and biomass distribution pattern of Albizia lebbeck, Leucaena leucocephala (Trujillo ecotype) and Erythrina fusca for 18 weeks in nursery. The studied variables were: growth rate related to height (GRH) and DM distribution (GRDM), as well as dry matter percentage (DM) and dry weight per plant of the fractions (leaves, stem, root). A completely randomized design for measurements repeated in time and ten replications per species were used. E. fusca showed the highest average GRH and GRDM (3,7 mm/day and 94,8 mg/day), followed by L. leucocephala (3,1 and 81,3) and, lastly, A. lebbeck (1,2 mm/day and 53,1 mg/day), respectively. In dependently from the species, the highest percentage of average DM was observed in the roots (31,9), followed by the stem (28,0) and leaves (25, 4). A higher DM distribution per plant was observed in the leaves (3,9 g) and root (3,1 g) as compared to the stem (2,9 g). It is concluded that, for these nursery conditions, E. fusca showed the best results; while A. lebbeck would need more time to reach the desirable characteristics for its transplant to the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Containerized plant production represents an extremely intensive agricultural practice with large amounts of moisture and fertilizer application. Hydro-physical characteristics such as water infiltration, texture and structure, particle size distribution affect the quality of the media used in containerized agricultural systems and the water availability to plants. Water retention characteristics depend on particle size distribution as well as the composition of the media used. Materials with coarser particles allow faster percolation of water and also retain relatively higher amounts moisture per unit weight due to higher porosity, while draining faster due to smaller surface area per unit weight. Faster drainage can result into airflow through coarser materials causing the media to dry. The objectives of this study were to characterize the selected hydro-physical properties of plant growth media that are commonly used by nurseries in South Florida. Characterization of the plant growing media can allow modeling of soil–water interactions and development of best management practices for more efficient use of water and agrochemicals by nurseries. Experimental analyses were performed to characterize the plant growth mixtures in terms of particle size distribution and hydraulic conductivity using three different methods (i.e., constant head permeability, falling head permeability test, and tension infiltrometer test). The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures measured by constant head method ranged from 0.029 to 0.042cm/s (104–151cm/h) and by falling head method ranged from 0.078 to 0.112cm/s (281–403cm/h). The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures measured by tension infiltrometer ranged from 0.02 to 0.34cm/h. Understanding water retention and permeation characteristics of the plant growing media could assist development of best management practices (BMP) for containerized agricultural systems for efficient management of irrigation water and agrochemical use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Many investors and producers of teak wood in Ecuador without supplies from seedlings produced by small plant nurseries no modern technology, and they have the largest supply of seedlings, the technification can be a limiting factor in normal development of commercial plantations which does not guarantee obtaining vigorous plantations, healthy and high-timber production. From this point of view is necessary to know the entire process of production of seedlings as well as the origin and seed management, production costs and marketing systems. The study was realized in the influence area of the Los Rios province, Ecuador, because in this province there are established most of teak plant nurseries that supply the demand on the ecuadorian. Coast and Amazon. It was found that small nursery owners occupy their own property, carry out field activities, supervisory or marketing, although not in large nurseries where the technician oversees the work. The large plant nursers use certified seed and nursers small plant use seeds harvested trees from in the locality. The costs of seedlings of small plant nursers and producer of stumps was 0.07 USD, and tech producer level and in vitro plantlets 0.19 USD. The best value is obtained at the level of stumps (36%) followed by the production of plantlets in vitro (31%). The demand for the coming years requires an amount of approximately three to four million of seedlings, while supply does not exceed two million and a half, there is an unsatisfied demand which must be satisfied by small producers, which becomes a challenge because must build strategic alliances to achieve competitive production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study which tested the shallow water refuge hypothesis in 2 Kodiak Island flatfish nurseries in Alaska, the Pillar Creek Cove and Holiday Beach. For this study, the researchers used baited camera, tethering and video sled techniques. In 2007, baited camera deployments suggested that predators increased with depth in both nurseries, while tethering indicated increased mortality of juvenile flatfish with increased depth. According to them, the behavior, distribution growth and survival of juvenile fish are influenced by predation risk, and that ultimately affects the effectiveness of nursery habitats in contributing recruits to adult populations.

Abstract: Habitat quality of a subarctic nursery ground in northern Norway for 0-group plaice Pleuronectes platessa was investigated by following settlement, mortality and growth during 2005 and 2006. Newly settled individuals were first observed in the end of May to early June and settlement lasted until mid-July. Densities peaked in early July and were comparable to those reported in temperate nursery grounds. Mortality estimates after settlement differed between 0.062d− 1 in 2005 and 0.025d− 1 in 2006. Potential predators appeared to be rather similar as those reported in other areas: the brown shrimp Crangon crangon, the shore crab Carcinus maenas and demersal fish species (gadoids). Population mean growth indicated linear growth until August leveling-off afterwards. 0-group plaice reached a lower mean size (5–6cm) at the end of the growing season than in temperate areas probably due to later settlement timing in combination with lower summer–autumn water temperatures. The comparison of observed growth rates with predictions of maximum growth models indicated a similar pattern as observed in temperate nursery grounds: Growth appeared to be maximal except for the period after summer. Whether or not this was related to changes in food quality throughout the season, to interspecies competition or to emigration remains to be elucidated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The incubator environment is essential for optimal physiological functioning and development of the premature infant but the infant is ultimately required to make a successful transfer from incubator to open cot in order to be discharged from hospital. Criteria for transfer lack a systematic approach because no clear, specific guideline predominates in clinical practice. Practice variation exists between continents, regions and nurseries in the same countries, but there is no recent review of current practices utilised for transferring premature infants from incubators to open cots. Objective: To document current practice for transferring premature infants to open cots in neonatal nurseries. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Settings: Twenty-two neonatal intensive care units and fifty-six high dependency special care baby units located in public hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Participants: A sample of 78 key clinical nursing leaders (nurse unit managers, clinical nurse consultants or clinical nurse specialists) within neonatal nurseries identified through email or telephone contact. Methods: Data were collected using a web-based survey on practice, decision-making and strategies utilised for transferring premature infants from incubators to open cots. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and crosstabs) were used to analyse data. Comparisons between groups were tested for statistical significance using Chi-squared or Fisher''s exact test. Results: Significant practice variation between countries was found for only one variable, nursing infants clothed (p =0.011). Processes and practices undertaken similarly in both countries include use of incubator air control mode, current weight criterion, thermal challenging, single-walled incubators and heated mattress systems. Practice variation was significant between neonatal intensive care units and special care baby units for weight range (p =0.005), evidence-based practice (p =0.004), historical nursery practice (p =0.029) and incubator air control mode (p =0.001). Differences in these variables were also found between nurseries in metropolitan and rural locations. Conclusions: Practice variation exists however; many practices are uniformly performed throughout neonatal nurseries in Australian and New Zealand. Commonality was seen between countries and in nurseries with a neonatal intensive care unit. Variation was significant between neonatal intensive care units and special care baby units and nurseries in metropolitan and rural locations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the objective of characterizing the best-performance accessions under nursery conditions, a Leucaena spp. collection, represented by 23 accessions of five species, was evaluated. For that purpose the following elements were measured: seedling height, stem diameter and branch number, dry biomass of the aerial part, root length and dry matter, which served as indicators of the optimum transplantation moment; the seedlings were planted in 26 x 14 cm black polyethylene bags. These features were observed to have remarkable influence on plant development and when a main component analysis was applied, they showed high variability (63,10%) in the first component. Relation was found among plant height, number of leaf growths, dry biomass of the aerial part, dry root mass and root length, and for these features the following accessions stood out: L. leucocephala cv. Cunningham, cv. Peru, CIAT-9119, CIAT-9438, CIAT- 751, CIAT-7988, CIAT-7384, CIAT-7929, CIAT-17480, cv. Ipil-pil, cv. CNIA-250; L. lanceolata CIAT-17255, CIAT- 17501 and L. diversifolia CIAT-17270. It is concluded that there was variability in the collection among the species and among the accessions of each species, and that it is necessary to take into consideration the studied characteristics to define the optimum transplantation moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2006 a survey on Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has been carried out in Calabria, southern Italy, to determine the occurrence of the virus, to evaluate its incidence, to identify and characterize the virus strains, and to monitor the aphid vector populations. Citrus samples were collected from nurseries and orchards located in the five provinces of the region. The virus was not detected in the citrus-growing areas of Catanzaro (CZ) or Crotone (KR), whereas it was found in three orchards in Cosenza (CS), three in Vibo Valentia (VV) and twelve citrus plantings in Reggio Calabria (RC). The highest infection percentages occurred in citrus orchards close to fields already infected with CTV. Infections were detected not only in foreign cultivars, but also in local cultivars such as 'Comune' clementine, 'Moro', 'Ovale' and 'Tarocco' sweet orange, suggesting that CTV was transmitted by aphids. CTV occurred in only a few plantlets sampled in two citrus nurseries located near the main areas already infected. Serological differentiation of several CTV field isolates revealed that the mild strains were prevalent. Aphis gossypii (Glover) and A. spiraecola Patch (= A. citricola Van der Goot) were the most frequent aphids in the orchards, whereas Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Foscoulombe) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) occurred with low incidence. The absence of T. citricidus (Kirkaldy) was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last ten years, there has been an important and developing collaboration between early years' practitioners and academics and child psychotherapists to develop a new model of training for nursery staff. This short article describes the development of that collaboration in the context of the rapid expansion of nursery places and number of hours of young children's attendance. The article highlights the rich fruitfulness of joint work in understanding nursery interactions, what may block or inhibit emotional closeness between nursery staff and children and how training for nursery staff may be adapted to take account of this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acacia tortilis (Forsskal) Hayne subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan [Acacia raddiana Savi s.s.] is the most widely spread woody legume in desert regions of Algeria. As a well-adapted species, it represents a good potential for forestation or reforestation in these areas. Its capacity to establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia constitutes an important characteristic for its development and its adaptation to such environmental conditions. For these reasons, the authors have conducted a study on the prevalence of the symbiosis in this species and on the characterization of their associated rhizobial strains. The evaluation of 101 plants from nine natural sites and eight nurseries revealed that nitrogen-fixing nodules are generally present in A. tortilis subsp. raddiana, despite the harsh edaphic conditions prevailing in natural and nursery environments of southern Algeria. Symbiotic characterization of 51 strains of rhizobia associated with A. tortilis subsp. raddiana allowed to demonstrate that these are not very specific and can, for most of them, form nitrogen-fixing nodules in other acacias species of Algerian desert areas, namely Acacia seyal Del. and Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne. Therefore, these strains have a potential for inoculum production for inoculation of A. tortilis subsp. raddiana as well as other species of acacias. Analysis of restriction patterns of RNA 16S genes of these rhizobia strains allowed to demonstrate their wide diversity. They were essentially represented by species of the genus Ensifer, mainly Ensifer meliloti, and less so by species of Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium genera, as already documented by several authors in other parts of Africa. In addition to the rhizobia species already recognized as associate of A. tortilis subsp. raddiana, the authors have isolated five strains that could not be identified, using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism of RNA 16S gene, and that might represent a new genotypic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-existence of both mating types A1 and A2 within the EU1 lineage of Phytophthora ramorum has only been observed in Belgium, which begs the question whether sexual reproduction is occurring. A collection of 411 Belgian P. ramorum isolates was established during a 7-year survey. Our main objectives were genetic characterization of this population to test for sexual reproduction, determination of population structure, evolution and spread, and evaluation of the effectiveness and impact of control measures. Novel, polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed after screening 149 candidate loci. Eighty isolates of P. ramorum, broadly representing the Belgian population, were analyzed using four previously described and three newly identified polymorphic microsatellite loci as well as amplified fragment length polymorphisms. SSR analysis was most informative and was used to screen the entire Belgian population. Thirty multilocus genotypes were identified, but 68% of the isolates belonged to the main genotype EU1MG1. Although accumulated mutation events were detected, the overall level of genetic diversity within the Belgian isolates of P. ramorum appears to be limited, indicating a relatively recent clonal expansion. Based on our SSR analysis there is no evidence of sexual recombination in the Belgian population of P. ramorum. Metalaxyl use decreased the genetic diversity of P. ramorum until 2005, when the majority of the isolates had become resistant. Most genotypes were site-specific and despite systematic removal of symptomatic and neighbouring plants, some genotypes were detected over a period of several years at a single site, sometimes discontinuously, indicating (latent) survival of the pathogen at those sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Twenty seven rhizobial strains associated with Acacia saligna grown in northern and southern Algeria were characterized, including generation time, host-range, the 16S rRNA gene and 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer restriction patterns, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and tolerance to salinity and drought. Cross inoculation tests indicated that 11 slow-growing isolates from northern nurseries were able to nodulate introduced Australian acacias exclusively, whereas 16 fast-growing isolates, mainly from southern nurseries, were capable of also nodulating native acacias. Restriction patterns and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strains of the first group belonged to Bradyrhizobium while strains of the second group were related to Sinorhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium gallicum. Interestingly, five strains of the first group formed a distinct cluster phylogenetically close to Bradyrhizobium betae, a non-nodulating species causing tumour-like deformations in sugar beet roots. Bradyrhizobium strains were in general more sensitive to NaCl and PEG than the S. meliloti and R. gallicum representatives. Among the latter, strains S. meliloti BEC1 and R. gallicum DJA2 were able to tolerate up to 1M NaCl and 20% PEG. This, together with their wide host-range among Acacia species, make them good candidates for developing inoculants for A. saligna and other acacia trees growing in arid areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]