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Spinal cord circuits play crucial roles in transmitting pain, but the underlying activity patterns within and across spinal segments in behaving mice have remained elusive. We developed a wearable widefield macroscope with a 7.9-mm2 field of view, ~3- to 4-μm lateral resolution, 2.7-mm working distance and <10-g overall weight and show that highly localized painful mechanical stimuli evoke widespread, coordinated astrocyte excitation across multiple spinal segments. A wearable macroscope enables cellular imaging across multiple spinal segments in behaving mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Dynamic Collimation System (DCS) has been shown to produce superior treatment plans to uncollimated pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy using an in‐house treatment planning system (TPS) designed for research. Clinical implementation of the DCS requires the development and benchmarking of a rigorous dose calculation algorithm that accounts for pencil beam trimming, performs monitor unit calculations to produce deliverable plans at all beam energies, and is ideally implemented with a commercially available TPS. Purpose: To present an analytical Pencil bEam TRimming Algorithm (PETRA) for the DCS, with and without its range shifter, implemented in the Astroid TPS (.decimal, Sanford, Florida, USA). Materials: PETRA was derived by generalizing an existing pencil beam dose calculation model to account for the DCS‐specific effects of lateral penumbra blurring due to the nickel trimmers in two different planes, integral depth dose variation due to the trimming process, and the presence and absence of the range shifter. Tuning parameters were introduced to enable agreement between PETRA and a measurement‐validated Dynamic Collimation Monte Carlo (DCMC) model of the Miami Cancer Institute's IBA Proteus Plus system equipped with the DCS. Trimmer position, spot position, beam energy, and the presence or absence of a range shifter were all used as variables for the characterization of the model. The model was calibrated for pencil beam monitor unit calculations using procedures specified by International Atomic Energy Agency Technical Report Series 398 (IAEA TRS‐398). Results: The integral depth dose curves (IDDs) for energies between 70 MeV and 160 MeV among all simulated trimmer combinations, with and without the ranger shifter, agreed between PETRA and DCMC at the 1%/1 mm 1‐D gamma criteria for 99.99% of points. For lateral dose profiles, the median 2‐D gamma pass rate for all profiles at 1.5%/1.5 mm was 99.99% at the water phantom surface, plateau, and Bragg peak depths without the range shifter and at the surface and Bragg peak depths with the range shifter. The minimum 1.5%/1.5 mm gamma pass rates for the 2‐D profiles at the water phantom surface without and with the range shifter were 98.02% and 97.91%, respectively, and, at the Bragg peak, the minimum pass rates were 97.80% and 97.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The PETRA model for DCS dose calculations was successfully defined and benchmarked for use in a commercially available TPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the article entitled `Care of Infants With Near-Miss Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,' published in the April 1978 issue of the journal `Pediatrics.' Possibility of preidentification of the population at risk through appropriate screening measures; Views on in-hospital monitoring of cardiorespiratory activity; Argument on the recommendation of supervised home monitoring for infants who have had one spell requiring resuscitation.

A composite catalyst comprised of ceria-manganese oxide and Cu-SSZ-13 components represents a potential solution for improving selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by ammonia. Here, clarity is provided to the pathway of promotion on these catalysts at low temperatures (< 200 °C), and it is shown that improved performance comes solely from interaction of the oxide phase with Brønsted acid bound NH 3. We demonstrate that at low temperatures, the catalytic components interact via oxide-derived nitrites/nitrite-precursors (e.g., HONO, N 2 O 3) reacting with Brønsted acid bound NH 3 from the zeolite. Then, only at elevated temperatures is the influence of the oxide phase on Cu redox in the Cu-SSZ-13 observed. Furthermore, we show how the oxide component has the great potential to circumvent NH 4 NO 3 inhibition on Cu-SSZ-13 in the composite catalysts at low temperatures by bypassing the formation of nitrates from NO 2 disproportionation, thus providing a practical solution to improving low temperature SCR reactivity. [Display omitted] • Ceria-manganese oxide significantly benefits NOx reduction performance over Cu-SSZ-13 at < 200 °C. • Promotion < 180 °C derives solely from the interaction of ceria-manganese oxide and Brønsted acid sites on the zeolite. • Oxide-derived nitrites/nitrite-precursors (e.g., HONO, N 2 O 3) facilely reacted with Brønsted acid bound NH 3 on the zeolite. • Nitrite precursors titrated from ceria-manganese oxide surface with NH 3 stored on the zeolite, preventing nitrate formation. • Fewer NH 4 NO 3 deposits and reduced fast SCR activation energy indicated nitrites from the oxide mitigated nitrate formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Supported iron nanoparticles catalyze the hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acids. [•] The catalyst favors heavily hydrodeoxygenation over decarbonylation. [•] The reaction proceeds through a reverse Mars–Van-Krevelen mechanism. [•] The degree of oxidation of Fe controls the selectivity of the reaction. [•] The Fe catalyst was successfully used for hydroprocessing crude microalgal oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emmonsia-like fungi have rarely been reported from North America. We report a fatal case of E. helica infection in a man with advanced HIV infection from California, USA, who had progressive respiratory failure and a brain abscess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the spinal cord is known to play critical roles in sensorimotor processing, including pain-related signaling, corresponding activity patterns in genetically defined cell types across spinal laminae have remained challenging to investigate. Calcium imaging has enabled cellular activity measurements in behaving rodents but is currently limited to superficial regions. Here, using chronically implanted microprisms, we imaged sensory and motor-evoked activity in regions and at speeds inaccessible by other high-resolution imaging techniques. To enable translaminar imaging in freely behaving animals through implanted microprisms, we additionally developed wearable microscopes with custom-compound microlenses. This system addresses multiple challenges of previous wearable microscopes, including their limited working distance, resolution, contrast, and achromatic range. Using this system, we show that dorsal horn astrocytes in behaving mice show sensorimotor program-dependent and lamina-specific calcium excitation. Additionally, we show that tachykinin precursor 1 (Tac1)-expressing neurons exhibit translaminar activity to acute mechanical pain but not locomotion., (© 2023. The Author(s).)