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The benefits and concerns of optometry school affiliation with a medical school are discussed, and essential elements of an affiliation agreement are outlined. (MSE)

The article talks about the need to develop a new clinical training model for optometry in the U.S. The main aim of the new model is to make optometry accordant with the current Federal law. The new model should also make optometry qualified for the Graduate Medical Education program, U.S. National Health Service Corps and Medicare billable services.

Relates the author's involvement in the affiliation agreement reached by the Illinois College of Optometry with the University of Chicago. Acceptance by the author of the position of president at the Illinois College of Optometry; Need for optometry to be included in federal programs; Partnership of ophthalmic surgi-centers with medical school affiliates.

Herbaceous bioenergy crops, including sorghum, switchgrass, and miscanthus, were evaluated for their potential as phytoremediators for the uptake of phosphorus in the Delmarva Peninsula and their subsequent conversion to biofuel intermediates (bio-oil) by fast pyrolysis using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Four cultivars of sorghum, five cultivars of switchgrass and one miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) were grown in soils with two different levels of poultry manure (PM) applications. Little variation was seen in phosphorus uptake in the two different soils indicating that the levels of available phosphorus in the soil already saturated the uptake ability of the plants. However, all plants regardless of trial took up more phosphorus than that measured for the non- PM treated control. Sorghum accumulated greater levels of nutrients including phosphorus and potassium compared to switchgrass and miscanthus. The levels of these nutrients in the biomass did not have an effect on carbohydrate contents. However, the potential yield and composition of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis were affected by both agronomics and differences in mineral concentrations., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Aspen Plus(®) based simulation models have been developed to design a pyrolysis process for on-site production and utilization of pyrolysis oil from equine waste at the Equine Rehabilitation Center at Morrisville State College (MSC). The results indicate that utilization of all the available waste from the site's 41 horses requires a 6 oven dry metric ton per day (ODMTPD) pyrolysis system but it will require a 15 ODMTPD system for waste generated by an additional 150 horses at the expanded area including the College and its vicinity. For this a dual fluidized bed combustion reduction integrated pyrolysis system (CRIPS) developed at USDA's Agricultural Research Service (ARS) was identified as the technology of choice for pyrolysis oil production. The Aspen Plus(®) model was further used to consider the combustion of the produced pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) in the existing boilers that generate hot water for space heating at the Equine Center. The model results show the potential for both the equine facility and the College to displace diesel fuel (fossil) with renewable pyrolysis oil and alleviate a costly waste disposal problem. We predict that all the heat required to operate the pyrolyzer could be supplied by non-condensable gas and about 40% of the biochar co-produced with bio-oil. Techno-economic Analysis shows neither design is economical at current market conditions; however the 15 ODMTPD CRIPS design would break even when diesel prices reach $11.40/gal. This can be further improved to $7.50/gal if the design capacity is maintained at 6 ODMTPD but operated at 4950 h per annum., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

[reaction: see text] (R)-[(tolBINAP)Pt(NC(6)F(5))(2)][SbF(6)](2) (5) catalyzes the highly enantioselective Prins reaction between 2-allylphenols and glyoxylate esters. Other Lewis acid catalysts favor glyoxylate-ene products.