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Pores and spatial voids are studied in Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy samples fabricated by selective electron-beam melting (SEBM). The morphology of characteristic pores and spatial voids are analyzed, and the mechanism of their formation is justified. The influence of the hatching parameters on the formation of pores and voids is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isocitric acid (ICA) has found wide application in medicine as a promising compound with powerful antioxidant activity to combat oxidative stress. In the known microbiological processes of ICA production by non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, the pure carbon sources are commonly used. ICA can be also synthetized by Y. lipolytica from ester-aldehyde fraction (EAF)-waste of the ethanol production process. A highly effective method of ICA production from EAF based on regulation of key enzymes (aconitate hydratase and isocitrate lyase) by metabolic regulators (iron and itaconic acid) and aeration was developed. It is recommended to cultivate Y. lipolytica VKM Y-2373 under nitrogen deficiency conditions, a high aeration (60% of air saturation), an addition of 15 mM itaconic acid, and 2.4 mg/L iron. Under optimal conditions, Y. lipolytica VKM Y-2373 produced 83 g/L ICA with isocitrate to citrate ratio of 4.1:1 and mass yield of 1.1 g/g. The putative mechanism of ICA overproduction from EAF by Y. lipolytica was suggested.

When an electric current flows through the NiFe/IrMn structure, a significant redistribution of the intensities of the direct Stokes and inverse anti-Stokes lines in spectra of Brillouin scattering on thermal spin waves is observed. This is due to a change in the orientation of uniaxial anisotropy and the corresponding easy axis of the exchange shift under the action of the spin–orbit torque in the IrMn antiferromagnet, which in turn affects the dynamics of spin waves in the neighboring ferromagnetic NiFe layer. The detected effect indicates that spin-wave processes in a ferromagnet can be controlled by applying a spin current to change the magnetic anisotropy of the NiFe/IrMn interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nanonet consisting of ultrathin Ni nanowires (diameter

There is ever increasing evidence that isocitric acid can be used as a promising compound with powerful antioxidant activity to combat oxidative stress. This work demonstrates the possibility of using waste product from the alcohol industry (so-called ester-aldehyde fraction) for production of isocitric acid by yeasts. The potential producer of isocitric acid from this fraction, Yarrowia lipolytica VKM Y-2373, was selected by screening of various yeast cultures. The selected strain showed sufficient growth and good acid formation in media with growth-limiting concentrations of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium. A shortage of Fe2+ and Ca2+ ions suppressed both Y. lipolytica growth and formation of isocitric acid. The preferential synthesis of isocitric acid can be regulated by changing the nature and concentration of nitrogen source, pH of cultivation medium, and concentration of ester-aldehyde fraction. Experiments in this direction allowed us to obtain 65 g/L isocitric acid with a product yield (YICA) of 0.65 g/g in four days of cultivation.

Diabetes therapy in elderly patients is a complex task due to their heterogeneous population, high risk of hypoglycemic conditions, the development of life-threatening arrhythmias and cardiovascular diseases, dementia, and the presence of a large number of comorbid diseases. The number of elderly patients in the world is growing rapidly, however, the algorithm for the treatment of elderly patients has not yet been developed and preference is given to an individual approach to the therapy of violations of carbohydrate metabolism. There are no therapeutic goals in elderly patients depending on their clinical and functional characteristics, the recommended level of glycated hemoglobin varies in a wide range from 7 to 9%. Priority is the problem of preventing hypoglycemia, which can lead to fatal consequences. The requirements for the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus are also reduced to the absence of nephro-, hepatoand cardiotoxicity, as well as their lack of interaction with other drugs and ease of use. Such conditions are answered by incretin therapy represented by agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4. It is also possible to use ultra-long-acting insulin. It is undesirable to use sulfonylureas and intensive insulin therapy in elderly patients. In the absence of contraindications, the use of metformin and pioglitazone is permissible, with the caution the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors is recommended. Treatment with any medicinal hypoglycemic drugs is possible in elderly patients who lead an active lifestyle and are capable of self-monitoring of carbohydrate metabolism, but in patients with low social adaptation it is desirable to limit the incretin therapy.

Magnetic properties of powder (Pr,Dy)FeCoB ferrimagnetic alloys and effects of annealing, surface states were analyzed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectra of powders indicate the effect of surface states on phase composition and magnetic properties of the studied powder, if particles average size is smaller than 10 μm. Effect of stoichiometry on magnetic anisotropy was found. Thermal stability of anisotropy field was proved by replacement of Fe atoms with Co atoms.

In economically developed countries, cirrhosis is one of the six leading causes of death at the age of 35–60 years and ranges from 14 to 30 cases per 100000 population. In the world 40 million people die of cirrhosis each year. At 6% of the population of the Russian Federation there is a diabetes mellitus. The combination of diabetes mellitus in patients with cirrhosis of the liver is a common comorbid pathology. Diabetes mellitusis a risk factor for the development of liver cirrhosis, and the incidence of combination of both diseases is quite high, although the frequency of occurrence varies. About 80% of patients with LC may have impaired glucose metabolism, and 30% have diabetes mellitus. Prospective studies have shown that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing hepatic complications and death in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of complications of liver cirrhosis of any etiology (varicose veins of the esophagus, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic-cell insufficiency) and subsequent survival. The incidence, frequency of hospitalizations and mortality from this combined pathology are very high. There are common mechanisms that provoke metabolic and autoimmune disorders in the development of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, leading to steatosis, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and the development of diabetes mellitus. There are certain features of the evaluation of the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, anemia and impaired protein metabolism. Effective control of glycemia can have a beneficial effect on the treatment of these patients. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drugs and the effect of diabetes treatment on morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Previously it was believed that in the presence of cirrhosis the only treatment remains insulin. At present, in connection with the emergence of modern groups of hypoglycemic drugs, as well as new approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes, this concept has radically changed. Unfortunately, the issues of correction of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with cirrhosis of the liver are practically not covered in the world literature. This article deals with the correction of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular insufficiency of insulin analogs, biguanides, drugs with incretin effect — dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors, agonists of glucagon-like peptide‑1, inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 diabetes. Particular attention is paid to the development of hepatocellular insufficiency and portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes, as well as processes for their prevention and insulin alternative correction methods.

The growth of the total wheat production and increase of yield stability from year to year are some of the priorities of agriculture in Russia. The yield of commercial varieties significantly diversifies due to huge losses of their potential under the influence of negative biotic and abiotic factors. Increase of resistance to stress factors in the emerging varieties can be achieved by utilizing the diversity of the genetic resources of related wild species and genera in crosses. The results of a phenotypic evaluation of the synthetic hexaploid wheat lines of CIMMYT breeding created by crossing durum wheat varieties from Institute of Breeding and Genetics (Odessa, Ukraine) and variety Pandur from Romania (T. durum Desf., AB genome) with Aegilops (Ae. tausshii Coss., D genome), and also 15 synthetic wheat lines of Kyoto University breeding (Japan) created by crossing durum wheat variety Langdon with different ecological forms Aegilops are presented. Research was performed on the experimental field of Omsk SAU under conditions of southern forest-steppe of West Siberia in 2016. Between synthetics, there was revealed a genotypic difference in the vegetative period duration and resistance to diseases. Lines of hybrid combination Aisberg/Ae.sq.(511) were characterized as the most early-maturity genotypes among the lines studied. The hybrid combinations Ae.sq.(369) with variety Aisberg, Ae.sq.(310) and Ukr-Od 1530, Ae.sq.(223) and Pandur are characterized by complex resistance to fungal diseases. Most of the lines demonstrated high and moderate resistance to rust fungus, severity ranging from 5 to 70 % and severity of powdery mildew being 10–90 %. Lines derived from variety Ukr-Od 1530.94 and accessions Ae. tauschii (392); (629); (1027); (1031) and lines Langdon/Ku-2074; Langdon/Ku-2075; Langdon/Ku-2100; Langdon/Ku-2079 are characterized by complex resistance to powdery mildew, leaf and stem rust. The synthetic lines with a complex of economically valuable traits present interest as an initial material for breeding programs.

We assessed the morphological changes induced by intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and investigated the effects of intraventricular fibrinolytic treatment following IVH. The experiment was performed in 30 Wistar rats. In first (control) group (15 rats) animals received intraventricular injection of 40 microl autologous blood with 10 microl normal saline. In second group (15 rats) 40 microl autologous blood with 10 microl t-PA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was injected in ventricular of the animals. Morphological examination of the brains were carried out 2 days and 21 days following IVH. Marked losses of the ependymal covering of the ventricular walls, choroids plexus were founded in bouth groups. The results indicate that intraventricular administered t-PA significantly enhanced the lysis of intraventricular blood clots, but r-PA (in second group) promoted delayed periventricular white matter edema formation (more 21 days).

A morphological study of 200 atherosclerotic carotid sinus (CS)plaques obtained at carotid endarterectomy revealed the structuralcomponents and processes characteristic for severe atherosclerosis:foci of atheromatosis and edema, necrosis of collagenand elastic fibres, newly formed vessels and hemorrhages of variousduration, lipophages and lymphocytes, portions of fibrosisand calcification, covering thinning and ulceration, thrombi andthe contents of plaques (atheromatous masses, cholesterol crystals,lipophages, calcificates) on their surface. Clinical and morphologicalcomparisons indicated that patients with ischemicstroke in their history had more severe atherosclerosis than thosewith asymptomatic CS stenosis. They were more commonlyfound to have vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques that showed apredominance of atheromatosis foci over the portions of fibrosisand calcification, covering thinning and destruction, formationof thrombi on its surface. It was ascertained that concomitantarterial hypertension might play a crucial role in the pathogenesisof hemorrhages into the atherosclerotic CS plaque.