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The NPU terminology is an evolving international medical laboratory terminology that is used in health care systems. However, the literature of the terminology is assorted in at least 16 publications that are not updated. The objective is to establish an updated online manual of the NPU terminology, comprising the principles and special rules of the terminology. The manual is intended to provide easily searchable and updated information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ukrainian Medical Society in Lviv from the moment of its foundation until 1939 was involved in the formation and introduction of professional medical terminology. Working in this direction, doctors-scientists realized that the Ukrainian medical vocabulary belongs to the oldest professional terminologies, because it was formed on its own linguistic basis. But due to the political realities of several centuries, the native language for Ukrainian medicine could not fully develop. At the same time, Greek and Latin terms were widely used. Therefore, at the beginning of the 20th century continued work on the approval of Ukrainian medical terminology and compilation of the first medical dictionaries. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the contribution of the Ukrainian Medical Society in Lviv to the formation of professional medical terminology during 1910 – 1939. In preparing the work, we used a set of general scientific methods – historical, comparative, chronological, synthesis and analysis. The use of different methods and a wide source base allowed to reveal the purpose of the study, to obtain relevant results and to identify specific conclusions. The groups of medical terms by origin were analyzed in detail and it was proved that the majority of the names of diseases belongs to the specific Ukrainian vocabulary and are still used today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lai et al showed that 33% of OAB patients reported pain, pressure or discomfort in the bladder, and hypothesized that OAB patients with pain resemble OAB-dry patients without UUI (Lai et al 2014). Aidin Abedi SP 9 sp , Kofi Agyeman SP 1 sp , Darrin J Lee SP 2 sp , Evgeniy Kreydin SP 3 sp , David Chapman SP 3 sp , Jonathan J Russin SP 4 sp , Wooseong Choi SP 5 sp , Hui Zhong SP 6 sp , V Reggie Edgerton SP 6 sp , Charles Y Liu SP 7 sp , Vassilios N Christopoulos SP 8 sp SP I 1 i sp I Department of i I Bioengineering, UC Riverside, USA i , SP I 2 i sp I Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA i , SP I 3 i sp I University of Southern California, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA i , SP I 4 i sp I Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California i , SP I 5 i sp I Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA i , SP I 6 i sp I Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA i , SP I 7 i sp I USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA i , SP I 8 i sp I Department of Bioengineering, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA i , SP I 9 i sp I USC Neurorestoration Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California i Presented By: Aidin Abedi, MD B Introduction b : Neurogenic bladder dysfunction is a debilitating sequela of various neurological disorders. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: Due to the technical words employed, which are primarily recognized by medical specialists, information retrieval in the medical area is sometimes described as sophisticated. Because of this, users frequently have trouble coming up with queries utilizing these medical phrases. However, this problem may be readily fixed by an information retrieval system that finds the pertinent terms that fit the user's query and automatically creates a ranking document using these keywords. To enhance the IR performance, the Automatic Query expansion method is applied by appending additional query terms for the medical domain. We propose a novel fuzzy‐based Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) based on automatic query expansion. This work is mainly focused on filtering the most relevant augmented query by utilizing the synchronization score of IR evidence like normalized term frequency, inverse document frequency, and normalization of document length. The main aim of this work is to identify the medical terms that appropriately match the user's queries. The GOA algorithm ranks the terms based on relevance and then identifies the terms with the maximum synchronization value. The documents formed using the optimal expanded query are classified into three types, namely totally relevant, moderately relevant, and marginally relevant. Besides, the comparison of the proposed work is carried out for different performance metrics like Mean‐Average Precision, F‐measure, Precision‐recall, and Precision rank are evaluated and analyzed by using TREC‐COVID, TREC Genomics 2007, and MEDLARs medical datasets for the proposed and some of the state‐of‐art works. For a total of 60 queries, the proposed model offers an F1‐Score of 0.964, 0.959, and 0.968 for the MEDLARS, TREC Genomics, and TREC COVID19 datasets, respectively. The E1‐score and Mean Reciprocal Rate (MRR) of the proposed model is 0.8 and 0.9 when evaluated using the TREC COVID19 dataset. Performance analyses show that the proposed approach outperforms the other automatic keyword expansion approaches in the medical domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polityka Spoleczna is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Information about several papers discussed at the 2nd International e-conference, Basic Medical Sciences e-CON-2021, held from 25th to 27th November 2021, organized by the Departments of Anatomy, Biochemistry, Physiology and Centre for Biomedical Research of Aarupadai Veedu Medical College, Pondicherry, India, on the theme "Exploring the Newer Modalities in Teaching - Learning and Research in Basic Medical Sciences during COVID-19 Era". Topics include Myths and facts related to COVID-19.

Background: Verbal communication plays an important role in the patient-physician relationship. Research shows that language concordance, when a healthcare professional communicates fluently in the patient's preferred language, contributes to patient satisfaction and improves healthcare outcomes. Yet, many medical schools worldwide, including most institutions in the Arab world, use English as the language of instruction. As a result, students lack confidence and feel unprepared to communicate effectively with the local population. This manuscript describes the development, implementation and early perceptions of an Arabic language program for medical students in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: In 2020, the learning communities at Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences launched a pilot program implementing a Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) framework to teach Arabic medical terminology and language to both native and non-native Arabic speaking medical students. A web-based survey was administered to the first two cohorts of students to assess satisfaction with the classes and the program's impact on students' communication skills during clinical encounters. Results: Early perceptions of the program were very positive, with 43/48 students (89.6%) reporting that they used the information during home visits and clinical rotations, and 42 students (87.5%) admitting that the classes made them feel more comfortable in communicating with the Arabic speaking local patient population. Conclusion: This paper explores a new educational approach to address the challenge of language barriers in healthcare. A feasible, low cost program using peer assisted learning can improve students' comfort in communicating with patients in the local language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the rapid advances in communication technology and the need that emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth initiatives have been widely used worldwide. This masterclass aims to provide an overview of telerehabilitation for musculoskeletal conditions, synthesizing the different terminologies used to describe telehealth and telerehabilitation, its effectiveness and how to use it in clinical practice, barriers and facilitators for the implementation in health services, and discuss the need of a curriculum education for the near future. Main body: Telerehabilitation refers to the use of information and communication technologies provided by any healthcare professionals for rehabilitation services. Telerehabilitation is a safe and effective option in the management of musculoskeletal conditions in different models of delivery. There are many technologies, with different costs and benefits, synchronous and asynchronous, that can be used for telerehabilitation: telephone, email, mobile health, messaging, web-based systems and videoconferences applications. To ensure a better practice of telerehabilitation, the clinician should certify safety and access, and appropriateness of environment, communication, technology, assessment, and therapeutic prescription. Despite the positive effect of telerehabilitation in musculoskeletal disorders, a suboptimal telerehabilitation implementation may have happened due to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in countries where telehealth was not a reality, and clinicians lacked training and guidance. This emphasizes the need to identify the necessary curriculum content to guide future clinicians in their skills and knowledge for telerehabilitation. There are some challenges and barriers that must be carefully accounted for to contribute to a health service that is inclusive and relevant to health professionals and end users. Conclusions: Telerehabilitation can promote patient engagement in health care and plays an important role in improving health outcomes in patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Digital health technologies can also offer new opportunities to educate patients and facilitate the process of behavior change to a healthy lifestyle. Currently, the main needs in telerehabilitation are the inclusion of it in health curriculums in higher education and the development of cost-effectiveness and implementation trials, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access, investments and digital health literacy are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visceral pain is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that is considered more prominent compared to somatic pain, due to its multiple and complex causes and accompanying emotional and mood disorders. Research has become increasingly extensive over the years, but a bibliometric analysis of this field is lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze global research trends in visceral pain over the past 40 years through visual analysis. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature from January 1981 to December 2021 using the Web of Science core database. The medical subject term 'visceral pain' was searched. We used CiteSpace and VOSviewer for bibliometric analysis and network visualization, including top-ranked authors, keywords, research collaborations, and literature co-occurrence network analysis. Results: A total of 5,047 articles were included in the analysis. The number of articles on visceral pain has continued to grow steadily over the past 40 years. The United States (1,716 articles), University of California (159 articles), and Neurogastroenterology and Motility (276 articles) were the country, institution, and journal with the most publications, respectively. Keyword analysis showed that inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), anxiety, and quality of life were the research trends and priorities in this research field. Conclusion: Visceral pain-related research has received increasing attention in recent decades. However, there are still many unresolved issues in the field of visceral pain, such as the specific molecular mechanisms and clinical treatments between visceral pain and inflammation, IBD, IBS, anxiety, and quality of life, which may require further exploration based on modern scientific and technological means and more basic research, especially for the therapeutic targets of visceral pain, which may become a hot spot for future research and provide guidance for the treatment of clinical diseases related to visceral pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hyperpigmentation is a medical term used to describe darker patches of skin from excess melanin production. This can be caused by everything from acne scars and sun damage to hormone fluctuations. The first-line treatment for hyperpigmentation involves topical formulations of conventional agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid followed by oral formulations of therapeutic agents such as transexamic acid, melatonin, and cysteamine hydrochloride. Despite the availability of multiple treatments for the condition, hyperpigmentation continues to present clinical management challenges for dermatologists. The study aims to compare the therapeutic efficacy, to compare the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of glycolic acid peels and salicylic acid peels for hyperpigmentation treatment. Materials and Methods: 200 patients were selected and graded on Fitzpatrick scale. A split face peel on right side by Glycolic Acid and left side by Salicylic Acid was done and procedure was repeated after 2 week and then third sitting of PRP was done. Patients were scaled on Fitzpatrick scale at baseline and after 3 sitting (PRP). Result: Salicylic recorded a mean value of 3.10 at baseline while glycolic acid recorded 2.92 at baseline. After 3 sitting Salicylic Acid recorded a mean reduction value of 0.29 while that of Glycolic Acid mean reduction value was 0.71and this was stastically significant reduction. Conclusion: Patients with Salicylic Acid peels showed significantly better response than Glycolic Acid peels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Case reports that externalize expert diagnostic reasoning are utilized for clinical reasoning instruction but are difficult to search based on symptoms, final diagnosis, or differential diagnosis construction. Computational approaches that uncover how experienced diagnosticians analyze the medical information in a case as they formulate a differential diagnosis can guide educational uses of case reports. Objective: To develop a "reasoning-encoded" case database for advanced clinical reasoning instruction by applying natural language processing (NLP), a sub-field of artificial intelligence, to a large case report library. Design: We collected 2525 cases from the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) Clinical Pathological Conference (CPC) from 1965 to 2020 and used NLP to analyze the medical terminology in each case to derive unbiased (not prespecified) categories of analysis used by the clinical discussant. We then analyzed and mapped the degree of category overlap between cases. Results: Our NLP algorithms identified clinically relevant categories that reflected the relationships between medical terms (which included symptoms, signs, test results, pathophysiology, and diagnoses). NLP extracted 43,291 symptoms across 2525 cases and physician-annotated 6532 diagnoses (both primary and related diagnoses). Our unsupervised learning computational approach identified 12 categories of medical terms that characterized the differential diagnosis discussions within individual cases. We used these categories to derive a measure of differential diagnosis similarity between cases and developed a website (universeofcpc.com) to allow visualization and exploration of 55 years of NEJM CPC case series. Conclusions: Applying NLP to curated instances of diagnostic reasoning can provide insight into how expert clinicians correlate and coordinate disease categories and processes when creating a differential diagnosis. Our reasoning-encoded CPC case database can be used by clinician-educators to design a case-based curriculum and by physicians to direct their lifelong learning efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main objectives of this review were, firstly, to study the effect of different physiotherapy interventions on BDNF levels, and, secondly, to analyze the influence of physiotherapy on pain levels to subsequently draw conclusions about its possible relationship with BDNF. Background: Based on the theory that neurotrophic factors such as BDNF play a fundamental role in the initiation and/or maintenance of hyperexcitability of central neurons in pain, it was hypothesized that the levels of this neurotrophic factor may be modified by the application of therapeutic interventions, favoring a reduction in pain intensity. Methods: A literature search of multiple electronic databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Medline (Ebsco), Scopus, WOS, Embase) was conducted to identify randomized control trials (RCTs) published without language restrictions up to and including March 2022. The search strategy was based on the combination of medical terms (Mesh) and keywords relating to the following concepts: "pain", "chronic pain", "brain derived neurotrophic factor", "BDNF", "physiotherapy", and "physical therapy". A total of seven papers were included. Results: There were two studies that showed statistically significant differences in pain intensity reduction and an increase in the BDNF levels that used therapies such as rTMS and EIMS in patients with chronic myofascial pain. However, the same conclusions cannot be drawn for the other physical therapies applied. Conclusions: rTMS and EIMS interventions achieved greater short-term reductions in pain intensity and increased BDNF over other types of interventions in chronic myofascial pain patients, as demonstrated by a moderate amount of evidence. In contrast, other types of physical therapy (PT) interventions did not appear to be more effective in decreasing pain intensity and increasing BDNF levels than placebo PT or minimal intervention, as a low amount of evidence was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein replacement therapy is an umbrella term used for medical treatments that aim to substitute or replenish specific protein deficiencies that result either from the protein being absent or non-functional due to mutations in affected patients. Traditionally, such an approach requires a well characterized but arduous and expensive protein production procedure that employs in vitro expression and translation of the pharmaceutical protein in host cells, followed by extensive purification steps. In the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mRNA-based pharmaceuticals were recruited to achieve rapid in vivo production of antigens, proving that the in vivo translation of exogenously administered mRNA is nowadays a viable therapeutic option. In addition, the urgency of the situation and worldwide demand for mRNA-based medicine has led to an evolution in relevant technologies, such as in vitro transcription and nanolipid carriers. In this review, we present preclinical and clinical applications of mRNA as a tool for protein replacement therapy, alongside with information pertaining to the manufacture of modified mRNA through in vitro transcription, carriers employed for its intracellular delivery and critical quality attributes pertaining to the finished product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, author discerned the roles of reason and emotion in classroom conversations about abortion. It mentions that college campuses tend to nurture intractable positions on abortion, and students feel pressured not to critique the campus position, whether pro- or anti-abortion. It discusses the role of emotion in high-stakes moral discussions.

RSV data from the US (where greatest search data was available) was used to further characterize relationships between latitude and popularity of layperson search terms. Publicly available GT data can be harnessed to explore patient and provider search interests and provide additional data on seasonality. [Extracted from the article]

Medical reports have significant clinical value to radiologists and specialists, especially during a pandemic like COVID. However, beyond the common difficulties faced in the natural image captioning, medical report generation specifically requires the model to describe a medical image with a fine-grained and semantic-coherence paragraph that should satisfy both medical commonsense and logic. Previous works generally extract the global image features and attempt to generate a paragraph that is similar to referenced reports; however, this approach has two limitations. Firstly, the regions of primary interest to radiologists are usually located in a small area of the global image, meaning that the remainder parts of the image could be considered as irrelevant noise in the training procedure. Secondly, there are many similar sentences used in each medical report to describe the normal regions of the image, which causes serious data bias. This deviation is likely to teach models to generate these inessential sentences on a regular basis. To address these problems, we propose an Auxiliary Signal-Guided Knowledge Encoder-Decoder (ASGK) to mimic radiologists' working patterns. Specifically, the auxiliary patches are explored to expand the widely used visual patch features before fed to the Transformer encoder, while the external linguistic signals help the decoder better master prior knowledge during the pre-training process. Our approach performs well on common benchmarks, including CX-CHR, IU X-Ray, and COVID-19 CT Report dataset (COV-CTR), demonstrating combining auxiliary signals with transformer architecture can bring a significant improvement in terms of medical report generation. The experimental results confirm that auxiliary signals driven Transformer-based models are with solid capabilities to outperform previous approaches on both medical terminology classification and paragraph generation metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal mask wearing due to COVID-19 has introduced barriers to clear communication. In hearing impaired individuals this can impact informed surgical consent. For cochlear implant candidates, who do not rely on sign language, real-time transcription with a stenographer (CART) is the gold-standard in assistive technologies. If CART is not available, speech to text (STT) applications have been advertised as solutions, but their transcription accuracy with or without an N95 mask is not well-established. Herein, we sought to investigate the transcription accuracy of three STT solutions for iPhone and compare their performance to the CART service at our institution. Three native English speakers and three non-native English speakers read two passages (a cochlear implant consent and the non-medical 'Rainbow passage') with and without an N95 mask. Error rates from the comparison of the transcript (from either the STT app or CART) with the original passage were calculated. The CART service had the lowest error rate of all testing conditions (4.79–7.14%). Ava 24/7 (15.0 ± 9.49%) and the iPhone dictation (15.6 ± 6.65%) had significantly lower average error rates than the Live Transcribe (37.7 ± 20.3%) (P < 0.0001) application. Neither the presence of an N95 nor the type of passage had a statistically significant impact on the error rate. CART should be used to augment communication with patients who are hard of hearing. If CART is not available, a STT application such as Ava 24/7 or the native iPhone dictation application may be considered, even in the context of medical terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This corpus-based study aimed to investigate the presence of context-dependent linguistic errors in a corpus of clinical reports. The data were taken from a corpus comprising more than 2 million words and made up of clinical reports from emergency medicine, intensive care unit, general surgery, and psychiatry. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were carried out. A language model based on n-grams was developed for the detection of errors, parameters for the selection of cases were defined, and a classification tool was implemented. The findings indicated that emergency medicine was the medical specialty with the highest number of context-dependent errors and that the most frequent type of error was omission of written accent. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the presence of errors of competence due to the incorrect application of the linguistic norm of Spanish, phenomena of phonetic similarity, and composition of words; it is also worth noting that performance errors occurred due to rapid typing on the keyboard. This study constituted the first analysis and creation of a typology of context-dependent errors for the medical domain in Spanish. It contributed to the design of a module based on linguistic knowledge that can be used for the development and improvement of automatic correction systems that, in turn, are used for data processing in medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adoption of Competency Based Medical Education-Undergraduate (CBME-UG) curriculum is made mandatory in medical colleges by National Medical Commission (NMC). CBME-UG curriculum enumerates the expected knowledge and skills in detail and it focuses more on observable outcomes that are important in day-to day medical practice. This curriculum holds the teacher as well as learner equally responsible in running the educational programme. Aim: To put forth the approach adopted in implementation of CBME-UG curriculum for phase 2 MBBS students in paediatric subject. Materials and Methods: This article describes the steps applied in transforming the traditional structured teaching method to the CBME method for undergraduate phase 2 MBBS students in the Department of Paediatrics at Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, during January 2021 to December 2021. The duration of one year was divided into preimplementation phase (three months) and implementation phase (nine months). The faculty of the department, a coordinator to overview the programmeme, the postgraduate residents, and the students of phase 2 MBBS were the stakeholders identified in order to run the CBME-UG educational programmeme. Results: Preimplementation phase consisted of designing the department module and sensitisation of involved stakeholders. The contents of the module were curriculum planner for three years, time-table plan for phase II MBBS students, structuring of teaching sessions, designing the assessment method, and designing the feedback method. Implementation phase during clinical postings for the phase II MBBS students incorporated the strategies designed in preimplementation phase. The teaching sessions, assessment, the feedback sessions, and student-doctor programmeme were implemented with realistic and feasible planning. Conclusion: The CBME curriculum was successfully implemented among undergraduate second year medical students in term of student feedback and performance. It was noted that appropriate planning and sensitisation of students as well as the teachers, helped in running the programme smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Triplet and doublet regimens of encorafenib plus cetuximab with and without binimetinib, respectively, were approved in Japan for unresectable, metastatic, BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer (mCRC) that had progressed after 1–2 prior chemotherapies. This early post-marketing phase vigilance (EPPV) study collected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from Japanese patients to ensure safety measures as appropriate. Methods: Patients with BRAF V600E mCRC who received the triplet or doublet regimens in Japan were selected for this study. ADRs were collected as spontaneous reports between November 27, 2020 and May 26, 2021. Serious ADRs were evaluated according to guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation and the EudraVigilance list of Important Medical Event Terms. Results: An estimated 550 Japanese patients with mCRC received the triplet or doublet regimens during the 6-month EPPV period. Overall, 101 and 42 patients reported ADRs and serious ADRs, respectively. No ADRs leading to death were reported. The most frequently reported ADRs were nausea (17 patients), serous retinal detachment (16), decreased appetite (12), diarrhea (11), and vomiting (11). Among the important identified/potential risks that are defined in the risk management plans for encorafenib and binimetinib, eye disorder-related ADRs were observed in 32 patients, rhabdomyolysis-related ADRs in 12, hemorrhage-related ADRs in 7, and hepatic dysfunction-related ADRs in 7. Of 22 patients with serious eye disorders, 20 recovered or were recovering during the EPPV period. Conclusion: The safety profile in this EPPV study was similar to that from the phase III BEACON CRC study and no new safety concerns were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medical ethics as a term is referred to as functional branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of scientific medicine and associated scientific research. It is based on a set of standards that medical professionals can refer to in conditions there is a matter of some conflict. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on Foreign Medical Graduates (FMG's) using a pre tested questionnaire. Results and Discussion: While most of the answers were satisfactory, a few had responded in a way which questions the ethical training of the FMG's, while 1 had not even taken the Hippocratic Oath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Students of medical and paramedical sciences often perceive medical terminologies as a foreign language. They find it difficult to memorize, spell and recall, the words. Incorporation of active learning methods in adjunct to didactic lectures favors critical thinking, encourages students' participation and helps in reinforcing the material acquired during lectures and also develops communication skills. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of anatomy after taking permission from Institutional Ethics Committee. The activity was performed on 225 students after the topics were taught in the class. Crossword puzzles were designed by the faculty and the content validity was ensured by linking the clues and answers to specific learning objectives. Students were divided into small groups and time given was 20 minutes. Student's perception was noted through a prevalidated feedback questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. Results: Most of the students enjoyed learning through recreation. 75% of the students were of the view that crossword puzzles should be incorporated in other subjects also, as it encourages active learning. Conclusions: The active learning methodologies like crossword, jigsaw puzzle, evokes interest in the subject, motivates students and relieve the tedium of traditional teaching methods. In our study, we concluded, that crossword puzzles made learning fun as the students were interactive, and it also provided a nice change from typically dry nature of the subject, so it should be included in curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines electronic resources in teaching good pedagogical practices in Bulgarian as a foreign language to medical professionals. The study is based on practical fieldwork with medical professionals who take written and oral examination to establish their proficiency in the Bulgarian language and in the pre-clinical and clinical terminology required for the practice of the medical profession in Bulgaria. The subject is focused on the strategies for creating the professional vocabulary of the medics and its enrichment; good pronunciation, handling grammatical material; communication skills - solving problems, medical specialist-patient dialogues, dialogues between colleagues, medical deductions, giving advice on treatment and prevention, instructions; keeping medical records; the combination of different functional styles - conversational, academic and formal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This review seeks to establish, through the recent available literature, the prevalence of therapeutic intensification delay and its sequences in poorly controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. The strategy identified studies exploring the clinical inertia and its associated factors in the treatment of patients with T2DM. A total of 25 studies meeting the pre-established quality criteria were included in this review. These studies were conducted between 2004 and 2021 and represented 575,067 patients diagnosed with T2DM. Trusted electronic bibliographic databases, including Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were used to collect studies by utilizing a comprehensive set of search terms to identify Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Most o the studies included in this review showed clinical inertia rates over 50% of T2DM patients. In the USA, clinical inertia ranged from 35.4% to 85.8%. In the UK, clinical inertia ranged from 22.1% to 69.1%. In Spain, clinical inertia ranged from 18.1% to 60%. In Canada, Brazil, and Thailand, clinical inertia was reported as 65.8%, 68%, and 68.4%, respectively. The highest clinical inertia was reported in the USA (85.8%). A significant number of patients with T2DM suffered from poor glycemic control for quite a long time before treatment intensification with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) or insulin. Barriers to treatment intensification exist at the provider, patient, and system levels. There are deficiencies pointed out by this review at specialized centers in terms of clinical inertia in the management of T2DM including in developed countries. This review shows that the earlier intensification in the T2DM treatment is appropriate to address issues around therapeutic inertia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hospital a Domicilio is the property of Centro Internacional Virtual de Investigacion en Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obesity is a medical term used to describe an over-accumulation of adipose tissue. It causes abnormal physiological and pathological processes in the body. Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation and abnormalities in immune cell function. Rebamipide, an amino acid derivative of 2-(1H)-quinolinone, has been used as a therapeutic for the protection from mucosal damage. Our previous studies have demonstrated that rebamipide treatment regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation, leading to prevention of weight gain in high-fat diet mice. In this study, mice were put on a high calorie diet for 11 weeks while receiving injections of rebamipide. Rebamipide treatment reduced the body weight, liver weight and blood glucose levels compared to control mice and reduced both glucose and insulin resistance. Fat accumulation has been shown to cause pro-inflammatory activity in mice. Treatment with rebamipide decreased the prevalence of inflammatory cells such as Th2, Th17 and M1 macrophages and increased anti-inflammatory Treg and M2 macrophages in epididymal fat tissue. Additionally, rebamipide addition inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cell lines. Taken together, our study demonstrates that rebamipide treatment is a novel and effective method to prevent diet-induced obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present teaching methodology getting with the programme at university, concentrates on pure grammar categories and rules. The specialized vocabulary is given after the morphological part. In thus teaching strategy, the specific orientation comes only through the given lexicological examples that illustrate and exercise limited practical rules. The knowledge acquired by this teaching method gives uncertain results focused not on terminology but mainly Latin declensions and use of prepositions. An academic teaching should concentrate on the global aspects of Medical Latin and its references – the language of basic medical disciplines and the historical formation of concepts. The innovative linguistic teaching for specific purposes is a process of matching information from different field sources – practical, theoretical and historical knowledge on the proper subject. A combination of information originating from different sources would expand the general knowledge on the subject and result on formation of professional vocabulary in use and practical language competencies. The multiple layers of medical language have been structured through the centuries from Antiquity to modern times. The way teaching of medical Latin should be improved is by representing different aspects of its formation, modern idiomatic use of specific structures and their influence to modern European languages in the medical context. A new didactic approach to medical terminology involves:Illustrative materials, topographic classification of terms, formed as specialized vocabulary, cultural aspects of the given knowledge – formation and derivation of concepts. Greek and Latin origins of language and cognition.Development of teaching units and lectures to facilitate understanding and studding.The general goal is to build up an interdisciplinary impact among medical subjects in favour of Medical Latin. To represent the network of terminology as subordinated structure and to form an optimized teaching model. To give contributions to professional knowledge of first year students in order to prepare them to get easier into the content of fundamental disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The UK Biobank provides a rich collection of longitudinal clinical data coming from different healthcare providers and sources in England, Wales, and Scotland. Although extremely valuable and available to a wide research community, the heterogeneous dataset contains inconsistent medical terminology that is either aligned to several ontologies within the same category or unprocessed. To make these data useful to a research community, data cleaning, curation, and standardization are needed. Significant efforts to perform data reformatting, mapping to any selected ontologies (such as SNOMED-CT) and harmonization are required from any data user to integrate UK Biobank hospital inpatient and self-reported data, data from various registers with primary care (GP) data. The integrated clinical data would provide a more comprehensive picture of one's medical history. Materials and methods: We evaluated several approaches to map GP clinical Read codes to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) terminologies. The results were compared, mapping inconsistencies were flagged, a quality category was assigned to each mapping to evaluate overall mapping quality. Results: We propose a curation and data integration pipeline for harmonizing diagnosis. We also report challenges identified in mapping Read codes from UK Biobank GP tables to ICD and SNOMED CT. Discussion and conclusion: Some of the challenges–the lack of precise one-to-one mapping between ontologies or the need for additional ontology to fully map terms–are general reflecting trade-offs to be made at different steps. Other challenges are due to automatic mapping and can be overcome by leveraging existing mappings, supplemented with automated and manual curation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A never event is the most egregious of patient safety incidents. It refers to events that should theoretically never happen, such amputating the wrong limb. The term "never event" is used around the world by a variety of medical and patient safety organizations and is synonymous with sentinel events and serious reportable events. Unfortunately, there is little consensus about which events, in particular, are never events. These differing lists hinder potential collaboration or large-scale analyses. A recent systematic review by Hegarty et al. (2020) identified the need for a standardized definition for serious reportable events. The objective of our systematic review is to build on this by identifying which events are consistently or frequently identified as never events in order to isolate those which are core never events. Materials and methods: A systematic review will be conducted using Medline, Medline in Process, Scopus, PsychINFO, Embase via OVID, and CINAHL via EBSCO databases, as well as grey literature. We will include articles of any study design that discuss never events or one of its synonymous terms in the context of medical care. Four independent reviewers will conduct the title and abstract as well as the full-text screening, and 2 reviewers will abstract data. Data will be analyzed using narrative synthesis. Results will be categorized by year and geographic location, and by other factors determined during full-text screening. Discussion and conclusion: The lack of consensus regarding never events hinders progress in reducing their occurrence. Differing data sources makes comparison challenging, and limits the ability for patient safety groups to work collaboratively and share learnings with others. Identifying a core set of never events will serve as a first step to focus our efforts to reduce these harmful incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In data mining, the medical health records can be served as a rich knowledge sources. Due to the availability of numerous medical data, the constructive facts can be extracted by utilizing different data mining approaches. Many researches are conducted in the medical data mining field. However it faces various issues such as increased computational time, inaccurate results and computational complexities. To overcome these issues, a new approach is proposed in this work. Here the input medical records are taken as an input raw data. Then the raw data can be preprocessed using the process of parsing, stemming, stop word removal and POS tagging. Here the POS tagging helps to determine the medical terms in the sentences of the data. From the preprocessed data, the useful information can be extracted by applying association rule using genetic Principal Component Analysis algorithm. The best association rules are selected using Adaptive Principal Component Analysis and obtained the best association rules as a result. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated and compared with the existing techniques. For the AWFR, JRR and EHR dataset the precision value is obtained as 0.94%, 0.948% and 0.95% respectively compared with integral and SDM-3NC approach as 0.90 and 0.94 respectively. This proves the superiority of the proposed approach than the other techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation Despite the increasing evidence of utility of genomic medicine in clinical practice, systematically integrating genomic medicine information and knowledge into clinical systems with a high-level of consistency, scalability and computability remains challenging. A comprehensive terminology is required for relevant concepts and the associated knowledge model for representing relationships. In this study, we leveraged PharmGKB, a comprehensive pharmacogenomics (PGx) knowledgebase, to formulate a terminology for drug response phenotypes that can represent relationships between genetic variants and treatments. We evaluated coverage of the terminology through manual review of a randomly selected subset of 200 sentences extracted from genetic reports that contained concepts for 'Genes and Gene Products' and 'Treatments'. Results Results showed that our proposed drug response phenotype terminology could cover 96% of the drug response phenotypes in genetic reports. Among 18 653 sentences that contained both 'Genes and Gene Products' and 'Treatments', 3011 sentences were able to be mapped to a drug response phenotype in our proposed terminology, among which the most discussed drug response phenotypes were response (994), sensitivity (829) and survival (332). In addition, we were able to re-analyze genetic report context incorporating the proposed terminology and enrich our previously proposed PGx knowledge model to reveal relationships between genetic variants and treatments. In conclusion, we proposed a drug response phenotype terminology that enhanced structured knowledge representation of genomic medicine. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary world, English is considered to be the dominant language of communication in the field of medicine. The aim of this paper is to present specific features of the Medical English course indispensable for the successful education and professional development of medical students. It is believed that an integrative and interdisciplinary approach in which the student is at the centre of the teaching/learning process is the fundamental aspect of the Medical English course Therefore, students should be encouraged to adapt and upgrade the language skills applicable in future professional setting. The English language learning strategies at the tertiary level include acquiring medical terminology, upgrading oral and written communication, and following medical literature. Moreover, Medical English practitioners should combine different approaches based on their experience leading to the most appropriate teaching outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type (PCSK9) inhibitor is a new drug class approved for treating dyslipidemias. Herein, we aimed to investigate the safety profiles of PCSK9 inhibitors (alirocumab and evolocumab) using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: We included adverse event (AE) reports regarding alirocumab and evolocumab submitted to the FAERs between 2015Q3 to 2021Q1. Disproportionality analyses, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), were performed to detect risk signals from the FAERs data to identify potential drug‐AE associations. A signal was considered when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of ROR exceeded 1 and ≥3 AEs were reported. The definition relied on system organ class and preferred terms established by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Results: The FAERS database documented 31 475 reports regarding PCSK9 inhibitors (alirocumab and evolocumab) from July 1, 2015, to March 31, 2021. Although some differences were detected, alirocumab and evolocumab shared considerably similar safety profiles. The most significant RORs and most common reports were injection‐site reactions (eg, injection‐site pain, bruising, haemorrhage, erythema), muscle‐related AEs (eg, myalgia, back pain, arthralgia, muscle spasms), influenza‐like illness, pain and headache. Conclusion: Data mining of the FAERs is useful for examining PCSK9 inhibitor‐induced AEs. Herein, our findings were largely consistent with clinical experience and could help clinicians improve the safety of PCSK9 inhibitors in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical scribing is an increasingly common way for pre-medical students to gain clinical experience. Scribes are a valuable part of the healthcare team and have high rates of matriculation into health professional programs. Little is known about the effects of scribing on the success of the student. This manuscript aims to determine the effect of scribing experience on clinical self-efficacy during medical school. Perceived clinical self-efficacy was evaluated with validated survey questions using a 5-point Likert-type scale as well as free text responses. The survey was completed by 175 medical students at the Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. As part of the mixed methods study, free text responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative results showed no statistical difference in perceived clinical self-efficacy between medical students with scribing experience and those without. Analysis of free text responses showed that medical students believed their scribing experience improved comfort in the clinical setting and increased familiarity with medical terminology. Medical students with scribing experience did not demonstrate greater clinical self-efficacy than their peers without scribing experience. However, medical students with scribing experience have a perceived value of their pre-medical scribing experience on their success in medical school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When I then call to report the start of a miscarriage, I'm asked if I'd like to have a follow-up appointment with the OBGYN to discuss our loss and potential next steps. Having lost all four of my pregnancies, I have a lot to say about the support, or often lack thereof, I've received from my care providers and various clinicians. Of the four times that I've met with an OBGYN following a miscarriage, only two were addressed with an "I'm sorry for your loss" from the nursing staff and doctor. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study was to translate and achieve a linguistical and cultural adaption of the newly developed BODY-Q Obesity Module for use in Danish patients. The BODY-Q Eating Module consists of five new modules aiming to measure expectations of weight-loss, eating behavior, eating-related distress, eating-related symptoms and work life. Translation and linguistic validation were performed using a combination of the recommendations developed by the World Health Organization and the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. The translation was performed in five steps consisting of a forward translation, backward translation, expert panel meeting, cognitive debriefing and final proofreading. Each step aimed for a conceptual and cultural equal translation that was easily understood by patients. The discrepancies encountered in the forward translation included the use of layperson versus medical terminology, different tense and sentence structure. The harmonized version was then backwards translated which led to no conceptual differences. The expert panel reviewed the instrument in full and found two items needing correction in the instrument. Cognitive debriefing did not lead to any revisions and the instrument was well received by the participant group. Proofreading of the instrument led to few corrections in grammar and punctuation but no conceptual corrections. The translation of the BODY-Q Eating Module led to a conceptual and cultural equal version of the instrument for use in Danish patients. The instrument can be used in clinical care and research to inform advancements in the field of bariatric and body contouring surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Keywords: epidemiology; developmental dysplasia of the hip ultrasound EN epidemiology developmental dysplasia of the hip ultrasound 8547 8555 9 01/17/23 20221201 NES 221201 Dongsheng Zhu, Hongqi Zhu Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, People's Republic of China Correspondence: Dongsheng Zhu; Hongqi Zhu, Email [email protected]; [email protected] Introduction Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common orthopedic hip diseases of the pediatric population. DDH includes hip dislocation, hip subluxation, and acetabular dysplasia. In the future, we intend to build on this work with a longer-term, multi-center, large-sample epidemiological study of DDH on this basis to further improve the quality of early DDH screening and reduce the rates of DDH surgery and disability. [Extracted from the article]

In the medical field, ontologies are mainly used to standardise the coding of knowledge, either during the drafting phase of documents or during subsequent processing intended to give them a format which makes them usable for automatic processing. In this sense, they have a normative role analogous to the classical medical terminologies (in particular thesauri): to set up a common vocabulary and to make use of shared representations and concepts, in order to allow the interoperability of documents and medicals information systems. Medical and biomedical data play a very important role in the medical field. They solve many of the problems encountered during the diagnosis of diseases and in the prescription medical treatments. The objective of this paper is to develop ontology for the field of medical analyses in an attempt to facilitate the tasks of the various actors in the medical field, namely: doctors, laboratory assistants and patients. It also endeavours to improve the care of patients and facilitate the various acts of health professionals, the purpose of which is to aid in decision-making in the treatment of a disease. To this end, we followed the so-called METHONTOLOGY based on the phases ranging from the needs specification to the evaluation and documentation of this ontology of medical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]