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THE problem of undesirable or off flavor in turkeys has received considerable attention, but citation of two recent reports will suffice to indicate some of the differences in the results obtained. Cosby and Knowlton (1937) report that fish meal (20 percent of the mash, about 8 percent of the ration) had no undesirable effect on the flavor while about 1 percent of fish oil in the ration (2 percent of the mash) produced an off flavor in two out of four birds. On the other hand, Marble, Hunter, Knandel, and Dutcher (1937) reported that both fish meal (10 percent of a vacuum dried white fish meal) with or without cod liver oil (not U.S.P.) produced an off flavor. Preliminary experiments at the California Agricultural Experiment Station, Davis indicated that a high grade vacuum dried sardine meal fed at a level of 20 percent of the total ration did not produce . . .

In the normal individual toxic amines produced by bacterial action in the gut or elsewhere are readily destroyed by the amine oxidase, an enzyme which is present in the liver, intestine and other organs (Richter, 1938; Blaschko, Richter and Schlossmann, 1937). This process of detoxication is normally very rapid and efficient, but it has been suggested that in certain pathological conditions the detoxicating system may be defective, giving rise to an abnormally high level of toxic amines in the blood (Quastel, 1937).

Very little work has been done on the life history or habits of Mallophaga. Only two papers have heen published since 1913 which give even a general discussion of the life history of these parasites. The number of instars through which the insects pass was not determined in either case. For the experiments reported in this paper, the pigeon louse (Columbicola columbae [Linnaeus]) was chosen because of the ease of obtaining and handling the common host, Columba livia Linn.

Neutropenic colitis is a severe, often devastating complication of acute leukemia. The diagnosis can be difficult as the symptoms are often those of the leukemia itself or of the therapy being rendered. These anemic, thrombocytopenic, and severely immunosuppressed patients present great operative risks. Distinction between the surgical and nonsurgical abdomen can be a challenge for even the most experienced surgeon. Peritoneal lavage may serve as a means to help in this differentiation.

A case of diffuse hepatic uptake of Tc-99m MDP in an intravenous drug abuser with biopsy-proven hepatic amyloidosis is presented. The association of parenteral drug addiction and amyloidosis, as well as current concepts regarding hepatic uptake of bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals in amyloidosis and its potential clinical implications are discussed.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed as part of the follow-up tests in 243 patients who had mastectomy and in 57 patients who had recurrent or metastatic disease. In the former group, 50 patients developed recurrent disease and 48% had elevated CEA levels (greater than 5 ng/ml). Among the 193 patients known to be without recurrence, 12% also had elevated CEA's. Evaluation of 161 CEA tests in 107 patients with known relapse showed that only 8% of those with chest wall recurrences had abnormal CEA's, while 30-81% of those with visceral metastasis had higher levels. If 20 ng/ml of CEA is used as the cut-off point, no patients with chest wall or nodal recurrence had elevated values, while 12-13% of those with bone or lung disease and 29-38% of those with pleura and liver metastasis had higher values. The rate of rise is faster also with visceral metastasis. When the elevated CEA level is greater than 20 ng/ml, and when the metastatic lesion responded to systemic therapy, the rate of fall of CEA levels was similar to the rate of rise prior to treatment, and remained fairly constant for the individual patient.

A new series of hydrolytically stable and water-soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives with optically active side chains was prepared as potential antimalarial agents. This was an effort to prepare compounds with activity superior to that of artelinic acid and to examine the impact of the stereospecificity of the introduced alkyl side chain on biological properties. The ester derivatives (6a-d) possess superior in vitro activity to artemisinin, artemether, and arteether against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum (D-6 and W-2); however, conversion of the esters to their corresponding acids drastically reduces their antimalarial activity. None of the new acids possess in vitro antimalarial activity superior to that of artelinic acid. Although there appears to be limited stereospecificity for antimalarial activity among the acids (7a-d) tested, significant differences in antimalarial activity was seen among the esters.

When melanoma metastasizes to distant organs, the most common sites of involvement are lung, liver, bone and brain. In addition to conventional x-ray and radioisotopic studies, ultrasonography and computed tomography are being utilized in increasing frequency. The yield and reliability of these noninvasive tests among patients with various stages of melanoma are presented. Other than chest x-rays, the routine use of such tests to screen patients with early melanoma for occult lesions of the liver, bone and brain is not indicated. Even among patients with advanced melanomas, such tests should be used for staging purpose only in patients with symptoms or specific indications.

This is a retrospective review of 43 patients who had primary liver cancer diagnosed during 1974-1983. Patients' ages ranged from 27 to 84 years (median 52.5). Nine of 39 patients with hepatoma were females, while two of the four patients with cholangiocarcinoma were women. Hepatitis surface antigen was positive in 90% tested, and 62% had cirrhosis. Also, 60-65% were heavy users of alcohol and cigarettes. Alpha-fetoprotein was elevated in one of four white patients, and in six of eight patients of other races (75%). Tissue diagnosis was obtained by peritoneoscopy in 16, by percutaneous biopsy in 7, by laparotomy in 9, and at autopsy in 11. Only one of 11 patients who were explored has his lesion resected. About half of the cases diagnosed antemortem died 1 month or less after diagnosis. The median survival of hepatoma patients who had no specific treatment or systemic chemotherapy was 2 months. Two patients who received chemotherapy in conjunction with occlusion of the hepatic artery lived 16 to 19 months.

In this country, among autopsy series, nearly half of the patients with malignancies died with liver metastasis.1 Using a conservative figure, assuming that only 10% of the 200,000 new cases with carcinoma of the digestive tract and 250,000 with cancer of the lung and breast have liver metastasis at initial diagnosis, at least 45,000 patients with liver metastasis would be discovered each year.

Serum antibodies to breast tumor antigen(s) and circulating autoantibodies were tested in 175 patients with various stages of carcinoma of the breast, followed for a mean period of 51 months. Antibodies to surface membrane and to cytoplasmic antigens of autologous and allogeneic tumor cells were measured. Peripheral lymphocyte count and skin reaction to six recall antigens were also tested. Patients with metastatic disease had significantly lower prevalence of antibodies to autologous tumor cells and lower total lymphocyte count than patients with early breast cancer. Patients with locally advanced disease (greater than or equal to 4 positive axillary nodes) had the highest frequency of anti-tumor antibodies, the second highest lymphocyte count, but with the lowest prevalance of autoantibodies. Presence or absence of anti-tumor or autoantibody did not correlate with results of skin tests or other standard blood tests. Among patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, those who had a positive skin test or whose lymphocyte count was 1500 to 2500 per cu mm had significantly better 5-year absolute survival rates (p = 0.04, p = 0.002, respectively). This study suggests that in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancers, skin test reactivity and optimal peripheral lymphocyte count may be useful prognostic indicators. In contrast, neither the presence of anti-tumor antibodies to membrane or cytoplasmic antigens, nor the presence of autoantibodies, correlates with prognosis in patients with early or late breast cancers.

1. Reduced glutathione regeneration rates as measured in erythrocytes of ten horses were considerably lower than rates reported in human and sheep erythrocytes. 2. The activity of enzymes involved in reduced glutathione regeneration was at least three times the observed reduction rate. 3. Despite high glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, equine erythrocytes could not adequately accelerate the hexose monophosphate pathway. 4. Activities of enzymes involved in regulating the glycolytic pathway were less than 5 μmoles/min per g hemoglobin; of other glycolytic enzymes greater than 10 μmoles/min per g hemoglobin.