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We aimed to relate circulating alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels to a broad spectrum of adiposity-related traits in a cross-sectional Northern German study. Anthropometric measures were obtained, and adipose tissue volumes and liver fat were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging in 641 individuals (mean age 61 years; 40.6% women). Concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression were used to assess associations of circulating alpha- and gamma-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio levels with visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), liver signal intensity (LSI), fatty liver disease (FLD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and its individual components. The gamma-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio was positively associated with VAT (scaled by interquartile range (IQR): 0.036; 95%Confidence Interval (CI): 0.0003; 0.071) and MetS (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.83; 95% CI: 1.21-2.76 for 3rd vs. 1st tertile), and the gamma-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio was positively associated with VAT ( scaled by IQR: 0.066; 95% CI: 0.027; 0.104), SAT ( scaled by IQR: 0.048; 95% CI: 0.010; 0.087) and MetS (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.23-2.84 for 3rd vs. 1st tertile). alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels were positively associated with high triglycerides and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P-trend < 0.05). No association of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio with LSI/FLD was observed. Circulating vitamin E levels displayed strong associations with VAT and MetS. These observations lay the ground for further investigation in longitudinal studies.