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302. Mice, men, mustards and methylated xanthines: the potential role of caffeine and related drugs in the sensitization of human tumours to alkylating agents

Author

Byfield, JE, Murnane, J, Ward, JF, Calabro-Jones, P, Lynch, M, and Kulhanian, F

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Alkylating Agents, Animals, Caffeine, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Cyclophosphamide, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, DNA, Neoplasm, HeLa Cells, Humans, Melphalan, Mice, Neoplasms, Experimental, Rats, Ultraviolet Rays, Xanthines, Hela Cells, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

The relationships between DNA damage from UV radiation, alkylating drugs and the methylated xanthines (MX) have been studied in normal and malignant rodent and human cells. A comparison of the level of DNA excision repair (repair replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis) confirms that some forms of alkylating-agent damage (probably mono-filar DNA adducts) are less completely removed by both normal and malignant rodent cells than by their human counterparts, rendering rodent cells more susceptible to the toxic potential of unexcised lesions. The toxicity of alkylating agents can be increased by the presence of several MXs during the period of DNA replication which follows infliction of the damage. Human cells appear capable of excising more DNA damage, rendering them somewhat less susceptible to enhancement of cytotoxicity by MX. This resistance of human cells is only quantitative, however, since 2 human cancer cell lines (HeLa and HT-29) could be sensitized to a variety of alkylating agents by appropriate concentrations of MX. Trimethylxanthine (caffeine) and the 2 clinically useful dimethylxanthines (theophylline and theobromine) appeared equally effective in sensitizing cells. The sensitization was dependent upon a slightly cytotoxic concentration of the MX and a suitably prolonged period of post-damage MX exposure. Of these 3 classic MXs, only theobromine might be clinically useful. The levels required for alkylating-agent sensitization exceed the clinically tolerable level of theophylline, and probably approach the tolerance of man to caffeine. The most likely mechanism by which MX sensitization is achieved is reversal of the inhibition of DNA replicon initiation which follows the infliction of significant DNA damage. Through the selection of suitable clinically useful alkylating agents (those dependent on active cellular transport for cell penetration) and appropriate MX scheduling, an enhanced therapeutic ratio might be achieved, potentially increasing the clinical usefulness of these alkylating agents. MX would thus form a useful class of agents adjuvant to conventional anti-cancer drugs.

Published
1981

305. Irish society of gastroenterology: Proceedings of Winter Meeting held 4th/5th December 1992in Beaumont hospital, Dublin

Author

O’Sullivan, M., Thornton, G., O’Sullivan, G., O’Mahony, A. M., O’Connell, J., Hanvajanawong, C., Phelan, D., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Bamford, K. B., Lutton, D. A., Collins, J. S. A., O’Loughlin, B., Johnston, B. T., McFarland, R. J., Love, A. H. G., Buchanan, K. D., Fillmore, D., Ardill, J. E. S., Clyne, M., Drumm, B., Cyne, M., Tham, T. C. K., McLaughlin, N., Hughes, D. F., Ferguson, M., Crosbie, J. J., Madden, M., Namnyak, S., O’Connor, F. A., Magbri, Awad El, Stevens, F. M., McCarthy, C. F., Lynch, M., O’Brien, M., Ryan, E., MacMathuna, P., Kelly, P., Lennon, J., Crowe, J., Mulvey, S., Maguire, C., Clarke, E., Cronin, K. J., Kent, P., Mooney, E., Corrigan, T., O’Connell, R., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Gorey, T. F., Prabhaker, M. C., Bannon, C. A., Delaney, C., Duggan, M., Gorey, T., Abuzakouk, M., Lynch, S., Casey, E., Weir, D., Feighery, C., O’Farrelly, C., Fan, X. J., Chua, A., Shahi, C. N., Kelleher, D., Keeling, P. W. N., Parks, R. W., Diamond, T., McCrory, D. C., Johnston, G. W., Clements, W. D. B., Ennis, M., Campbell, G. R., Halliday, M. I., Rowlands, B. J., Wilson, R. H., Williamson, K., McLoughlin, J., Moorehead, R. J., O’Connor, A. M., Johnston, C. F., Gillmore, D., Boreham, C., Caldwell, M. T. P., Jazrawi, S., Byrne, P. J., Walsh, T. N., Hennessy, T. P. J., Li, H., Kay, E. W., Mulcahy, H., Curran, B., O’Donoghue, D., Leader, M., Walsh, C. Barry, O’Sullivan, S. T., Reardon, C. M., Hardiman, C., O’Donnell, J. A., Kirwan, W. O., Brady, M. P., McGreal, G., Hehir, D. J., Brady, M. P., O’Donnell, J., Pender, S. M., Courtney, M. G., Fielding, J. F., Swan, N., Chong, A., Denesh, T. G., Coll, D., McElearney, C., Kay, E., Sant, S., Doyle, J. S., Buckley, M., Cahill, R. J., Beattie, S., Hamilton, H., O’Morain, C., O’Sullivan, K., Forde, A. M., Gilvarry, J., Jackson, J., Alvi, R., Leahy, A., Lynch, G., Lane, B., Browne, H. Y., Keeling, P., Stafford-Johnson, D., Kee, S., Carr, J., Ryan, M. J., Sheehan, S., Broe, P., Deasy, J., O’Donovan, D. A., Bouchier-Hayes, D. M., Kelly, C., Grace, P., Redmond, H. P, Burke, P., Bouchier-Hayes, D. J., O’Malley, K., Qureshi, A., Osborne, H., Monkhouse, W. S., Bouchier-Hayes, D., Goggin, M., Joyce, W. P., Traynor, O., Hyland, J., Beausang, E., Mealy, K., Prendergast, C., Joyce, L., McNicholas, M. M. J., Gibney, R. G., Dolan, J., MacErlean, D. P., Hyland, J. M., Fenlon, H. M., Mulcahy, H. E., Stack, W. A., Skelly, M. M., Hegarty, J. E., Stack, W., O’Donoghue, D. P., Norris, S. M., McNicholas, M., Murray, F. E., Williams, N., Burke, J., Lamort, W., Fitzpatrick, J., Afdhal, N., Gibney, R., McLoughlin, R. F., Mourad, F. H., O’Donnell, L. J. D., Dias, J., Ogutu, E., Farthing, M. J. G., Hoyle, C. H. V., Hill, A. D. K., Darzi, A., Carey, P. D., Menzies-Gow, N., Monson, J. R. T., Goggins, M. G., O’Broin, S., Kelleher, B., Scott, J. M., Weir, D. D., Watson, R. G. P., Goss, B., Angus, P. W., Duckham, N., Sewell, R. B., and Smallwood, R. A.

Published
1993
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306. The Irish paediatrics association and section of paediatrics, royal academy of medicine in Ireland: Proceedings of joint meeting held May 15th & 16th, 1992 in Great Northern Hotel, Bundoran, Co. Donegal

Author

Miyakita, H., Puri, P., Zia S., Kearney P. J., Lambert, I., Browne, P., O’Brien, N., Carson, J., Temperley, I. J., Jackson, F., White, M., Beckett, M., O’Regan, M., Matthews, T., Jalees, S., McDonagh, B., McMenamin, J., Gumaa, S., Connolly, K., Egan Mitchell, B., McNicholl, B., Loftus, B. G., Kinlen, D. M., Hoey, H. M. C. V., Burke-Gaffney, A., Reen, D. J., Hill, R., Hensey, O. J., McKay, M., Hutchinson, T., Fallon, M., Kelly, M., Gorman, W., Clarke, T., Griffin, E., Matthews, T., Murphy, J., O’Brien, N., Sheridan, M., Philip, M., McCann, S., Connolly, B., O’Brien, N., King, M., Gorman, W., Hensey, O., Donoghue, V., Fahy, S., Nicholson, A., O’Keefe, M., Surana, R., O’Nuallain, E. M., Monaghan, H., Mulrane, S., Taylor, M., Tempany, E., Bourke, B., Lyons, D., McCarthy, J. F., Neligan, M. C., Wood, A. E., Murphy, A. W., Power, R., Kinlen, D., Johnson, Z., Quinn, F., Brady, R. M., Arvind, A., Healy, R., Staines, A., Bodansky, H. J., Stephenson, C., Haigh, D., Cartwright, R. A., Puri, I., O’Hagan, M., Zbaeda, M. M., Bagyaraj, A., Wall, O., O’Connell, U., Bate, T., Losty, P., Lynch, M., Guiney, E. J., Hassan, J., Gormally, S., Drumm, B., Abraham, G., Costigan, C., Fogarty, J., Moloney, A. C., Ninan, G., and Fitzgerald, R. J.

Published
1993
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310. Real-world experience of metformin use in pregnancy: Observational data from the Northern Territory Diabetes in Pregnancy Clinical Register

Author

Maple-Brown, LJ, Lindenmayer, G, Barzi, F, Whitbread, C, Connors, C, Moore, E, Boyle, J, Kirkwood, M, Lee, I-L, Longmore, D, van Dokkum, P, Wicks, M, Dowden, M, Inglis, C, Cotter, M, Kirkham, R, Corpus, S, Chitturi, S, Thomas, S, O'Dea, K, Zimmet, P, Oats, J, McIntyre, HD, Brown, A, Shaw, JE, Dent, G, Eades, S, Stone, M, Harris, M, Dempsey, K, Lynch, M, Maple-Brown, LJ, Lindenmayer, G, Barzi, F, Whitbread, C, Connors, C, Moore, E, Boyle, J, Kirkwood, M, Lee, I-L, Longmore, D, van Dokkum, P, Wicks, M, Dowden, M, Inglis, C, Cotter, M, Kirkham, R, Corpus, S, Chitturi, S, Thomas, S, O'Dea, K, Zimmet, P, Oats, J, McIntyre, HD, Brown, A, Shaw, JE, Dent, G, Eades, S, Stone, M, Harris, M, Dempsey, K, and Lynch, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In Australia's Northern Territory, Indigenous mothers account for 33% of births and have high rates of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in pregnancy is up to 10-fold higher in Indigenous than non-Indigenous Australian mothers, and the use of metformin is common. We assessed birth outcomes in relation to metformin use during pregnancy from a clinical register. METHODS: The study included women with gestational diabetes (GDM), newly diagnosed diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), or pre-existing T2D from 2012 to 2016. Data were analyzed for metformin use in the third trimester. Regression models were adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, parity, and insulin use. RESULTS: Of 1649 pregnancies, 814 (49.4%) were to Indigenous women, of whom 234 (28.7%) had T2D (vs 4.6% non-Indigenous women; P < 0.001). Metformin use was high in Indigenous women (84%-90% T2D, 42%-48% GDM/DIP) and increased over time in non-Indigenous women (43%-100% T2D, 14%-35% GDM/DIP). Among Indigenous women with GDM/DIP, there were no significant differences between groups with and without metformin in cesarean section (51% vs 39%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-1.81), large for gestational age (24% vs 13%; aOR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.5), or serious neonatal adverse events (9.4% vs 5.9%; aOR 1.32, 95% CI 0.68-2.57). Metformin use was independently associated with earlier gestational age (37.7 vs 38.5 weeks), but the risk did not remain independently higher after exclusion of women managed with medical nutrition therapy alone, and the increase in births <37 weeks was not significant on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We found no clear evidence of any adverse outcomes related to the use of metformin for the treatment of hyperglycemia in pregnancy.

Published
2019

311. Reviewing the cost-effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods in an Australian context

Author

Lynch, M, De Abreu Lourenco, R, Flattery, M, Haas, M, Lynch, M, De Abreu Lourenco, R, Flattery, M, and Haas, M

Abstract

© 2018 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Background: Relative to the oral contraceptive pill, uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARCs) in Australia continues to be lower than might be suggested by the evidence on their clinical and economic benefits. Aim: To undertake a critical appraisal of published economic evaluations of LARCs to assess the generalisability of their results to the Australian healthcare context. Materials and Methods: A search of the literature was conducted to identify studies of economic evaluations of LARCs using the Medline, Embase and PubMed databases. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. Results: A total of 1009 citations were screened, from which 20 papers, typically reporting the cost per pregnancy avoided, were reviewed. The overall quality of the studies varied but was generally poor (average score of 62/100). To aid comparisons, results have been grouped under the headings IUS (all hormonal intrauterine systems), IUDs (all non-hormonal intrauterine devices), injectables (all contraceptive injections) and implants (all subdermal contraceptive implants). Overall, the results indicated that LARCs were more effective and less costly than oral contraceptives. Conclusions: Despite evidence that LARCs represent value for money, limitations in study quality and approaches must be taken into account when applying these results to Australia. Differences in healthcare settings aside, LARCs may also have benefits beyond their effect on pregnancy that might be captured in broader analyses, such as cost-benefit analyses using willingness to pay methods. These would capture benefits beyond health, which seem to be particularly relevant to contraception.

Published
2019

335. Muller's ratchet and mutational meltdowns

Author

Gabriel, W., Lynch, M., and Burger, R.

Subjects
Mutation (Biology) -- Research -- Models, Extinction (Biology) -- Research -- Models, Population genetics -- Models -- Research, Biological sciences, Models, Research
Abstract

Deleterious mutations appear to arise at a rather high rate in most organisms, perhaps as high as one per gamete (Crow and Simmons 1983; Bell 1988a; Kondrashov 1988; Charlesworth et [...]

Published
1993

336. The mutational meltdown in asexual populations

Author

Lynch, M., Burger, R., Butcher, D., and Gabriel, W.

Subjects
Reproduction, Asexual -- Analysis, Mutation (Biology) -- Research, Population biology -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The hypothesis regarding mutational meltdown, which results from the synergistic reaction between decrease in population size and aggregation of mutation, was examined, and results which will help to clear the expected dynamics of the mean and variance of deleterious mutations in an asexual group were given. The effects of a deleterious mutation produced in a mitochondrion are enlarged to such an extent that it can be excluded from the group. Organelle lineages could be long-lived because of their acute-sensitivity to mutations and DNA impairment rather than their invulnerability to mutations.

Published
1993

337. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease

Author

Sabatine, Marc S., Giugliano, Robert P., Keech, Anthony C., Honarpour, Narimon, Wiviott, Stephen D., Murphy, Sabina A., Kuder, Julia F., Wang, Huei, Liu, Thomas, Wasserman, Scott M., Sever, Peter S., Pedersen, Fish MP, Terje R., Abrahamsen, Te, Im, K, Kanevsky, E, Bonaca, Mp, Lira Pineda, A, Hanlon, K, Knusel, B, Somaratne, R, Kurtz, C, Scott, R, Accini Mendoza JL, Amerena, J, Badariene, J, Burgess, L, Ceska, R, Charng, Mj, Choi, D, Cobos, Jl, Dan, Ga, De Ferrari GM, Deedwania, Pc, Chopra, Vk, Erglis, A, Ezhov, Mv, Ferreira, J, Filipová, S, Gaciong, Za, Pasierski, T, Georgiev, Bg, Gonzalez-Galvez, G, Gouni-Berthold, I, Schäufele, T, Hirayama, A, Huber, K, Rammer, M, Kjaerulf Jensen, H, Wermuth, S, Jiang, L, Jukema, Jw, Kraydashenko, O, Leiter, La, Lewis, Bs, López-Miranda, J, Lorenzatti, Aj, Mach, F, Mcadam, B, Nilsson, L, Olsson, Å, Rallidis, L, Rogelio, Gg, Kerr Saraiva JF, Scheen, A, Schiele, F, Scott, Rs, Connolly, D, Siu, Cw, Tay, L, Thorgeirsson, G, Tikkanen, Mj, Tokgozoglu, Sl, Toth, K, Viigimaa, M, Wan Ahmad WA, Hennekens, Ch, Andreotti, F, Baigent, C, Brown, Wv, Davis, Br, Newcomer, Jw, Wood, Sk, Larosa, J, Ansell, B, Olsson, A, Lowe, C, Zahn, L, Awtry, E, Berger, C, Croce, K, Desai, A, Gelfand, E, Ho, C, Leeman, D, Link, M, Norden, A, Pande, A, Rost, N, Ruberg, F, Silverman, S, Singhal, A, Vita, J, Mackinnon, I, Vogel, Dr, Leon de la Fuente, R, Perna, E, Amuchastegui, M, Pacora, F, Hershson, A, Blumberg, E, Glenny, Ja, Colombo, H, Cuadrado, Ja, Nicolosi, L, Rojas, Cg, Ulla, Mr, Hasbani, Eg, Cuneo, C, Lopez Santi RG, Sanabria, Hd, Hrabar, A, Lozada, A, Begg, A, Lehman, S, Wittert, G, Juergens, C, Kostner, K, Beltrame, J, Simpson, R, Sinhal, A, Adams, M, Kritharides, L, Roberts Thomson, P, Cross, D, Thompson, P, Van Gaal, W, Cox, N, Farshid, A, Hammett, C, Garrahy, P, Prasan, A, Horrigan, M, Ebenbichler, C, Hanusch, U, Prager, R, Schernthaner, G, Luger, A, Siostrzonek, P, Toplak, H, Bergler-Klein, J, Paulweber, B, Sinzinger, H, Buysschaert, I, Thoeng, J, Vandekerckhove, H, Catez, E, Verheye, S, Descamps, O, Hoffer, E, Wollaert, B, Chenu, P, van de Borne, P, De Meulemeester, M, Friart, A, Charlier, F, De Raedt, H, Rietzschel, E, Roelandt, R, Lalmand, J, Tavares Russo LA, Reis, G, Duarte Barbosa EC, Vidotti, Mh, Fernandes Manenti ER, Dutra, O, Leaes, Pe, Rech, Rl, Bertolim Precoma, D, Nicolau, Jc, Amoedo, R, Eliaschewitz, Fg, Pereira, A, Kurtz Lisboa HR, Soares Piegas, L, Cunha Borges JL, Ferreira Rossi PR, Pimentel Filho, P, Bodanese, Lc, de Sa Cunha, R, Moura Jorge JC, Ardito, Wr, Barroso de Souza WK, Hissa, M, Izar, Mc, Manolova, A, Kitova, L, Kinova, E, Tzekova, M, Velchev, V, Tarnovska-Kadreva, R, Gotchev, D, Petrov, I, Raev, D, Trendafilova-Lazarova, D, Yotov, Y, Lazov, P, Rahimi, S, St Amour, E, Constance, C, Pesant, Y, Hess, A, Anderson, T, Sussex, B, Henein, S, Tsoukas, G, Pandey, As, Bergeron, J, Hart, R, Gosselin, G, Chehayeb, R, Hamet, P, Hartleib, M, Mukherjee, A, Halperin, F, Petrella, R, Bhargava, R, Lonn, E, Sabbah, E, Bata, I, Cha, J, Gaudet, D, Chapman, K, Murthy, D, Nigro, F, Rupka, D, Gossard, D, Gupta, M, Dowell, A, Mansour, S, Baass, A, Geadah, C, Huynh, T, Peterson, S, Poirier, P, Sabe-Affaki, G, Vertes, G, Crowley, D, Duchesne, L, Pincetti Jofre CP, Potthoff Cardenas, S, Conejeros Kindel, C, Saavedra Gajardo VA, Lanas Zanetti, F, Sepulveda Varela PA, Stockins Fernandez BA, Li, W, Li, D, Zhao, S, Li, Z, Wang, J, Yang, Y, Zhang, L, Yang, P, Zhang, X, Huang, H, Xue, L, Zheng, Z, Huang, W, Dai, H, Su, H, Zeng, X, Zheng, Y, Tang, Y, Yao, Z, Sun, Y, Du, Y, Ge, Z, Yan, J, Chen, X, Liu, F, Pei, H, Yang, X, Cui, H, Gu, Y, Yang, Z, Li, J, Lian, Y, Cui, Y, Wang, D, Jiang, J, Li, X, Chen, J, Mo, Z, Xu, P, He, Y, Zhou, C, Qu, P, Zhu, Y, Liu, Y, Shen, X, Gao, X, Terront Lozano MA, Moncada Corredor MA, Hernandez Triana, E, Botero Lopez, R, Coronel Arroyo JA, Quintero Baiz AE, Sanchez Vallejo, G, Arana Londoño, C, Molina de Salazar DI, Castellanos Bueno, R, Manzur Jattin, F, Cure Cure CA, Sotomayor Herazo, A, Spinar, J, Hala, T, Machkova, M, Klimsa, Z, Polasek, R, Jerabek, O, Kazdera, P, Pozdisek, Z, Vaclavik, J, Frana, P, Elbl, L, Kucera, D, Kryza, R, Malecha, J, Reichert, P, Sochor, K, Ludka, O, Kellnerova, I, Peterka, K, Zidkova, E, Cech, V, Brabec, T, Fiserova, N, Kvasnicka, J, Rosolova, H, Nemecek, E, Adamkova, V, Dunaj, M, Pojsl, S, Cepelak, M, Podpera, I, Kuchar, L, Rysava, D, Burianova, H, Spinarova, L, Skrobakova, J, Charvat, J, Homza, M, Zemanek, J, Koleckar, P, Karen, I, Krupicka, J, Blaha, V, Matuska, J, Brotanek, J, Cifkova, R, Kuchar, R, Vomacka, Z, Kosek, Z, Hulinsky, V, Krejcova, H, Kuchar, J, Jelinek, Z, Jelinek, P, Markdanner Lindgren, L, Saetre Lihn, A, Korsgaard Thomsen, K, Bronnum-Schou, J, Nielsen, H, Nielsen, T, Egstrup, K, Klausen, Ic, Mickley, H, Hove, J, Jeppesen, J, Melchior, T, Schmidt, Eb, Valter, I, Rosenthal, A, Kaik, J, Kork, A, Alt, I, Strand, J, Nieminen, S, Kahri, J, Suomi, J, Nyman, K, Strandberg, Te, Piippo, T, Savolainen, M, Vikman, S, Pucheu, Y, Cariou, B, Henry, P, Ferrari, E, Montalescot, G, Ferrieres, J, Roubille, F, Bonnet, B, Angoulvant, D, Range, G, Bammert, A, Delarche, N, Mariat, C, Cayla, G, Durlach, V, Coisne, D, Paillard, F, Rouzier, R, Goralski, M, Khanoyan, P, Cottin, Y, Ziegler, O, Khalife, K, Le Corvoisier, P, Motreff, P, Spaulding, C, Vanbelle, E, Bourhaial, H, Opitz, C, Kahrmann, G, Contzen, C, Appel, K, Schenkenberger, I, Rinke, A, Trenk, D, Maus, O, Karakas, M, Hanefeld, M, Darius, H, Hetzel, G, Münzel, T, Wöhrle, J, Stawowy, P, Marten, I, Isermann, B, Kast, P, Vorpahl, M, Bosiljanoff, P, Hengstenberg, C, Kassner, U, Salbach, P, Fischer, M, Steiner, S, Wagner, S, Kraatz, U, von Hodenberg, E, Weyland, K, Mantas, I, Tziakas, D, Bousboulas, S, Patsilinakos, S, Mertzanos, G, Panagoulis, C, Bilianou, H, Skoumas, I, Elisaf, M, Manolis, A, Moschos, N, Kochiadakis, G, Ntaios, G, Richter, D, Athyros, V, Kolovou, G, Danias, P, Melidonis, A, Fan, Kyy, Siu, Sc, Hornyik, A, Lakatos, F, Zilahi, Z, Nagy, K, Laszlo, Z, Peterfai, E, Lupkovics, G, Andreka, P, Merkely, B, Herczeg, B, Piros, Ga, Salamon, C, Mark, L, Papp, A, Szakal, I, Edes, I, Mohacsi, A, Tomcsanyi, J, Hajko, E, Nagy, A, Papp, E, Kiss, R, Karadi, I, Sigurdsson, A, Jain, A, Pai, R, Kothiwale, V, Kulkarni, G, Mahajan, A, Aggarwal, S, Mehta, V, Rajadhyaksha, G, Joshi, A, Khandait, V, Parmar, M, Tyagi, S, Airody Govinda, R, Dwivedi, Sk, Parikh, K, Pothineni, Rb, Solanki, B, O’Donnell, M, Crean, P, Barton, J, Shechter, M, Shotan, A, Klutstein, M, Chorin, E, Gavish, D, Kracoff, O, Atar, S, Rigler, S, Hasin, Y, Schiff, E, Merlini, P, Rapezzi, C, Pirro, M, Gonnelli, S, Floresta, Am, Mennuni, M, Ardissino, D, Senni, M, Marenzi, G, Marcucci, R, Sampietro, T, Cosmi, F, Perrone Filardi, P, De Caterina, R, Fedele, Francesco, Moretti, L, Biasucci, Lm, Ferri, C, Go, Y, Kiyosue, A, Higashi, Y, Tokunaga, T, Kawasaki, T, Sakagami, S, Namba, S, Saku, K, Oku, K, Arakawa, T, Iida, H, Nakamura, Y, Yamamoto, K, Hata, Y, Katsuda, Y, Koga, Y, Shimizu, M, Uehara, H, Kajiyama, S, Okamoto, H, Shinozaki, T, Fujino, Y, Funazaki, T, Higa, N, Kaigawa, K, Koike, A, Nakane, H, Sato, K, Satoh, Y, Shirasawa, K, Sugino, H, Tanabe, J, Uemura, O, Yoshimichi, G, Akai, A, Himeno, H, Inage, T, Inoko, M, Kadokami, T, Noguchi, Y, Yamashita, K, Yasumura, Y, Yuge, M, Hosokawa, S, Kawamitsu, K, Kozuma, K, Matsuo, H, Nakashima, E, Okada, M, Wada, A, Yokoya, K, Iwade, K, Kawabata, K, Tanno, H, Ako, J, Fujita, H, Izumiya, Y, Kanno, M, Nunohiro, T, Ohmura, H, Ueno, T, Kakurina, N, Jasinkevica, I, Stukena, I, Veze, I, Eglite, R, Teterovska, D, Sime, I, Strazdiene, V, Venceviciene, L, Gustiene, O, Radzeviciene-Jurgute, R, Kucinskiene, A, Maskon, O, Lee, Cy, Erng, T, Gan, Hw, Mohamed Yusof AK, Ramanathan, Gl, Liew, H, Lopez Alvarado, A, Nevarez Ruiz LA, De los Rios Ibarra MO, Bazzoni Ruiz AE, Ramos Lopez GA, Llamas Esperon GA, De la Peña Topete GDJ, Violante Ortiz RM, Illescas Diaz JJ, Leon Gonzalez, S, Sanchez Diaz CJ, Mendez Machado GF, Venegas Carrillo LA, 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Yamashita, K, Yasumura, Y, Yuge, M, Hosokawa, S, Kawamitsu, K, Kozuma, K, Matsuo, H, Nakashima, E, Okada, M, Wada, A, Yokoya, K, Iwade, K, Kawabata, K, Tanno, H, Ako, J, Fujita, H, Izumiya, Y, Kanno, M, Nunohiro, T, Ohmura, H, Ueno, T, Kakurina, N, Jasinkevica, I, Stukena, I, Veze, I, Eglite, R, Teterovska, D, Sime, I, Strazdiene, V, Venceviciene, L, Gustiene, O, Radzeviciene-Jurgute, R, Kucinskiene, A, Maskon, O, Lee, C, Erng, T, Gan, H, Mohamed Yusof, A, Ramanathan, G, Liew, H, Lopez Alvarado, A, Nevarez Ruiz, L, De los Rios Ibarra, M, Bazzoni Ruiz, A, Ramos Lopez, G, Llamas Esperon, G, De la Pena Topete, G, Violante Ortiz, R, Illescas Diaz, J, Leon Gonzalez, S, Sanchez Diaz, C, Mendez Machado, G, Venegas Carrillo, L, Aldrete Velasco, J, Cardona Munoz, E, Leiva Pons, J, Perez Alva, J, van der Zwaan, C, Oomen, A, van de Wal, R, Magro, M, Boswijk, D, Janus, C, Groutars, R, Tonino, W, Cornel, J, Oude Ophuis, A, Troquay, R, Liem, A, Westendorp, I, Van Hessen, M, Lok, D, De Nooijer, C, Den Hartog, F, Van Beek, E, Bendermacher, P, Jansen, R, Romer, T, Rensing, B, Hersbach, F, Herrman, J, Ladyjanskaia, G, Karalis, I, Linssen, G, Bokern, M, Visman, A, Kooij, A, Monajemi, H, Lieverse, A, Baker, J, Tie, S, Risberg, K, Hysing, J, Hoivik, H, Norheim, P, Solnor, L, Hovland, A, Kjaernli, T, Jocson, G, Coching, R, Batalla, E, Go, A, Habaluyas, R, Barcinas, R, Sy, R, Estepar, R, Germar, A, Trebacz, J, Szymkowiak, K, Wnetrzak-Michalska, R, Kopaczewski, J, Przekwas-Jaruchowska, M, Kania, G, Zabowka, M, Mirek-Bryniarska, E, Dabrowska, M, Napora, P, Konieczny, M, Spyra, J, Lysek, R, Pijanowski, Z, Grzegorzewski, B, Bednarkiewicz, Z, Kinasz, L, Antkowiak-Piatyszek, K, Stania, K, Szpajer, M, Staneta, P, Skonieczny, G, Ksiezycka-Majczynska, E, Blicharski, T, Piepiorka, M, Wozakowska-Kaplon, B, Zechowicz, T, Ilkowski, J, Lubiszewska, B, Hiczkiewicz, J, Wierzbicka, K, Kosior, D, Garbocz, P, Kubica, J, Raczak, G, Wozniak, I, Cygler, J, Kramarczuk, E, Bystryk, L, Pentela-Nowicka, J, Dabrowski, M, Podolec, P, Zieba, B, Mosiewicz, J, Dubaniewicz, W, Banach, M, Tyszecka, G, Lepich, T, Rychlewska-Hanczewska, A, Guzik, T, Monteiro, P, Pereira, H, Oliveira, L, Matos, P, Soares Goncalves, S, Leitao, A, Vasco Salgado, A, Timoteo, A, Pintilei, E, Badila, E, Militaru, C, Tudoran, M, Arsenescu-Georgescu, C, Mitu, F, Zdrenghea, D, Lighezan, D, Teodorescu, I, Popescu, M, Coman, I, Vintila, M, Vishnevsky, A, Lukyanov, Y, Blokhin, A, Kostenko, V, Shvarts, Y, Markov, V, Motylev, I, Dronov, D, Sherenkov, A, Barbarash, O, Shutemova, E, Bolshakova, O, Kobalava, Z, Voevoda, M, Treshkur, T, Zrazhevskiy, K, Pimenov, L, Solovev, O, Tarasov, N, Arkhipov, M, Freidlin, M, Shalaev, S, Yakhontova, P, Shustov, S, Goloshchekin, B, Panov, A, Bart, B, Bubnova, M, Gordeev, I, Osipova, I, Tereshenko, S, Solovieva, E, Meshkov, A, Zateyshchikov, D, Tan, J, Subramaniam, T, Pella, D, Fulop, P, Antalik, L, Dzupina, A, Banikova, A, Sosovec, D, Urgeova, L, Mazur, J, Hranai, M, Banik, M, Vinanska, D, Lennerova, J, Kovar, F, Pastrnakova, E, Uhliar, R, Blasko, P, Gonsorcik, J, Lukacova, J, Oriesek, R, Hatalova, K, du Toit, M, Ebrahim, I, Vawda, G, Lipschitz, S, Blignaut, S, Engelbrecht, J, Coetzer, T, Pretorius, M, Urbach, D, Badat, A, Pillay, S, Van Zyl, L, Abelson, M, van der Walt, E, Moodley, R, Jacovides, A, Oosthuysen, W, Klug, E, Lottering, H, Kok, J, Saaiman, J, Dawood, S, De Jong, D, Kapp, C, Makotoko, E, Bayat, J, Sarvan, M, Vally, T, Stapelberg, A, Kim, M, Bae, J, Cho, Y, Kim, S, Han, K, Her, S, Kim, B, Lee, S, Hong, B, Kim, W, Rha, S, Jeong, M, Shin, G, Vida Gutierrez, M, Valdes Chavarri, M, Pinto Sala, X, Gonzalez Juanatey, J, Civeira Murillo, F, Zamorano Gomez, J, Lekuona Goya, I, Iniguez Romo, A, Cordero Fort, A, Ascaso Gimilio, J, Millan Nunez-Cortes, J, Lindholm, C, Soderberg, S, Suutari, A, Berglund, S, Mooe, T, Kusiak, D, Bandh, S, Dahlen, G, Olsson, S, Witt, N, Tyden, P, Johansson, P, Cizinsky, S, Falck, G, Pettersson, S, Rasmanis, G, Ostergren, J, Moccetti, T, Beer, H, Eberli, F, Krahenbuhl, S, Linka, A, Ackermann, D, Michel, P, Yeh, H, Tsai, C, Wu, C, Hsia, C, Juang, J, Hsieh, I, Lai, W, Huang, C, Hsieh, Y, Sahin, T, Duzenli, M, Yigit, Z, Demir, M, Yilmaz, M, Muderrisoglu, I, Kirma, C, Ercan, E, Kayikcioglu, L, Balbay, Y, Lymar, I, Kulynych, O, Prokhorov, O, Karpenko, O, Kraіz, I, Vakaliuk, I, Stanislavchuk, M, Korzh, O, Rudyk, I, Zhurba, S, Svishchenko, Y, Tseluyko, V, Gyrina, O, Reshotko, D, Kopytsya, M, Volkov, V, Myshanych, G, Rebrov, B, Rishko, M, Rudenko, L, Shatylo, V, Parkhomenko, O, Yena, L, Golovchenko, O, Sorokina, I, Malynovsky, Y, Ivan, P, Blagden, M, Dear, H, Mathew, A, Lagocki, S, Kondagunta, V, Ahsan, A, Mckinnon, C, Douglas, F, Thom, S, Fiore, G, Caulfield, M, Lynch, M, Thomas, H, Bain, S, Hall, A, Mcnally, D, Fisher, M, Keeling, P, Al-Bahrani, A, Lip, G, Ellery, A, Purohit, J, Travill, C, Cappuccio, F, Davis, G, Gaunt, R, Adlam, D, Asamoah, N, Jaafar, F, Mccormack, T, Jupp, B, Pye, M, Ainsworth, P, Chauhan, A, Paul, N, Fairlie, H, Fox, C, Muzulu, S, Trevelyan, J, Aggarwal, R, Issa, B, Saravanan, P, Cruickshank, K, Gorog, D, Heller, S, Newby, D, Nicolson, A, Hare, P, Donnelly, P, Rutherfurd, S, de Belder, M, Finlayson, J, Harvey, J, Hoye, A, Kingston, D, Sarkar, D, Negahban, A, Webster, J, Wyatt, N, Muir, S, Cummings, M, Mackenzie, I, Senior, R, Capps, N, Fotherby, K, Mcintyre, H, Aldegather, J, Dixon, L, Saksena, R, Butler, R, Ramstad, D, Pierpont, B, Levinson, D, Mohammed, A, Haddad, T, Goel, A, Dave, K, Haught, W, Desire, A, Hershon, K, Napoli, M, Tami, L, Rothschild, R, Khurana, S, Gupta, D, Cheung, D, Hearne, S, Grubb, S, Miller, A, Baird, I, Marcus, A, Srivastava, S, Forgosh, L, Fritz, R, Mays, M, Bertolet, B, Reddy, J, Khan, M, Nakhle, S, Dill, S, Fishbein, G, Khan, B, Marais, H, Reschak, M, Malone, M, Nadar, V, Whitney, R, Reichman, A, Reyes, H, El Shahawy, M, Rabinowitz, A, Weinstein, D, Farhat, N, Onyema, D, Potu, R, Runquist, L, Barnum, O, Crater, T, Fialkow, J, Shah, A, Thompson, C, Wiseman, A, Doyle, T, Henderson, D, Herzog, W, Schnitzler, R, Carr, K, Davis, M, Nagajothi, N, Olsen, S, Rogers, W, Rubino, J, Singh, I, Tarleton, G, Bhagwat, R, Clardy, D, Jardula, M, Robinson, J, Torres, M, Vijay, N, Farris, N, Lillo, J, Moriarty, P, Recknor, C, Berlacher, P, Christensen, T, Gabra, N, Issa, M, Janik, M, Lawless, A, Molter, D, Stout, E, Brezina, B, Claxton, E, Linsky, R, Poock, J, Remler, R, Roseman, H, Schramm, E, Al-Joundi, T, Amin, J, Hitchcock, J, Isserman, S, Kirstein, J, Rider, J, Shalek, M, Sherman, H, Bernstein, M, Chandra, L, Hatharasinghe, R, Ibrahim, H, Iteld, B, Linzmeyer, K, Seaton, B, Zeig, S, Christofides, E, Dunbar, R, Griffin, S, Kohli, N, Koren, M, Pharr, W, Purdy, D, Spencer, R, Yeoman, G, Banerjee, S, Cheek, H, Engel, E, Hamroff, G, Huling, R, Kozlowski, L, Levin, P, Makam, S, Meengs, M, Bhushan, R, Erickson, B, Herman, L, Lo, E, Mcdowell, E, Mcgrew, F, Miller, M, Ord, J, Webel, R, Wilhoit, G, Wise, J, Yang, E, Budoff, M, Collins, J, Dauber, I, Dobkin, L, Focil, A, Gandy, W, Pasquini, J, Ramos, M, Rodriguez, D, Rosenson, R, Sanford, K, Schlau, A, Snyder, B, Stonesifer, L, Tang, A, De Souza, J, Elam, M, French, J, Guyton, J, Hage Korban, E, Kereiakes, D, King, M, Loh, I, Navarro, J, Simons, R, Tobin, T, Younis, L, Aboufakher, R, Baldari, D, Ballantyne, C, Broughton, R, Eaton, C, Johnston, J, Simon, W, Thomson, S, Vora, K, Youngman, D, Alzohaili, O, Auerbach, E, Brown, C, Burrough, B, Chen, Y, Gilpatrick, M, Landzberg, J, Mitchell, C, Rice, L, Rubenfire, M, Sofley, C, Strobl, D, Atassi, K, Davila, W, Diogo, J, Fagan, T, Joffe, I, Krishna, J, Osea, E, Penny, W, Rowe, W, Shapiro, M, Welker, J, Benton, R, Dobratz, D, Fortuin, F, Graham, J, Henry, B, Kusnick, B, Lutskiy, M, Mcrae, A, Saway, W, Scott, J, Shah, M, Weinberg, B, Zarich, S, Acheatel, R, Case, C, Earl, J, Fernandez, S, Giugliano, G, Handelsman, Y, Hermany, P, Holder, S, Kashyap, M, Khan, A, Lader, E, Peniston, J, Raoof, T, Sacco, J, Shore, K, Spriggs, D, Stringam, S, Tahirkheli, N, Delgado, E, Derian, W, Greenwald, J, Harris, M, Jackson, R, Marhefka, G, Mcelveen, W, Mooss, A, Morris, P, Murray, J, Pearlstein, P, Raisinghani, A, Rezkalla, S, Sakhrani, L, Schreibman, D, Shaoulian, E, Steinsapir, J, Yataco, A, De La Cruz, A, Fredrick, M, Goldenberg, E, Lee, D, Mccullum, K, Mclellan, B, Stephens, L, Wilson, S, Alfieri, A, Mandviwala, M, Orourke, D, Samal, A, Schmedtje, J, Waxman, F, Carhart, R, Clements, B, Dyke, C, Ghali, J, Gruberg, L, Hack, T, Jehle, A, Pogue, B, Schooley, C, and Shifrin, G

Subjects
Male, STATIN THERAPY, 2700 General Medicine, Disease, Cardiovascular, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL, Gastroenterology, 0302 clinical medicine, Anticholesteremic Agent, Medicine, Myocardial infarction, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, ddc:616, Incidence, Antibodies, Monoclonal, General Medicine, Cholesterol, Cardiovascular Diseases, Monoclonal, Drug Therapy, Combination, Proprotein Convertase 9, Antibody, Aged, Anticholesteremic Agents, Atherosclerosis, Cholesterol, LDL, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Hypercholesterolemia, Least-Squares Analysis, Middle Aged, Medicine (all), REDUCING LIPIDS, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Evinacumab, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, PCSK9 INHIBITION, Follow-Up Studie, LDL, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Therapy, Clinical Research, LDL-C, Least-Squares Analysi, Science & Technology, Unstable angina, PCSK9, medicine.disease, chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Bococizumab, FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators, Medical and Health Sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Antibodies monoclonal, Cardiovascular Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Stroke, Humanized, RISK, biology, PCSK9 Inhibitors, 10051 Rheumatology Clinic and Institute of Physical Medicine, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosi, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Combination, Cardiology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, EZETIMIBE, 610 Medicine & health, Antibodies, Medicine, General & Internal, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, In patient, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Alirocumab, Ldl cholesterol, business.industry, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Evolocumab, Good Health and Well Being, Settore MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE, biology.protein, MODERATE, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, business
Abstract

Background Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by approximately 60%. Whether it prevents cardiovascular events is uncertain. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 27,564 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL cholesterol levels of 70 mg per deciliter (1.8 mmol per liter) or higher who were receiving statin therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive evolocumab (either 140 mg every 2 weeks or 420 mg monthly) or matching placebo as subcutaneous injections. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, or coronary revascularization. The key secondary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The median duration of follow-up was 2.2 years. Results At 48 weeks, the least-squares mean percentage reduction in LDL cholesterol levels with evolocumab, as compared with placebo, was 59%, from a median baseline value of 92 mg per deciliter (2.4 mmol per liter) to 30 mg per deciliter (0.78 mmol per liter) (P

Published
2017

345. A psychometric appraisal of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy using law students

Author

Williams B, Sifris A, and Lynch M

Subjects
Jefferson, lcsh:Psychology, lcsh:BF1-990, lcsh:Industrial psychology, Empathy, Student, Sympathy, Law, lcsh:HF5548.7-5548.85
Abstract

Brett Williams,1 Adiva Sifris,2 Marty Lynch1 1Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, 2Faculty of Law, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia Background: A growing body of literature indicates that empathic behaviors are positively linked, in several ways, with the professional performance and mental well-being of lawyers and law students. It is therefore important to assess empathy levels among law students using psychometrically sound tools that are suitable for this cohort.Participants and methods: The 20-item Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Health Profession Students Version was adapted for a law context (eg, the word “health care” became “legal”), and the new Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Law Students (JSE-L-S) version was completed by 275 students at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Data were subjected to principal component analysis.Results: Four factors emerged from the principal component analysis (“understanding the client’s perspective”, “responding to clients’ experiences and emotions”, “responding to clients’ cues and behaviors”, and “standing in clients’ shoes”), which accounted for 46.7% of the total variance. The reliability of the factors varied, but the overall 18-item JSE-L-S yielded a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.80. Several patterns among the item loadings were similar to those reported in studies using other versions of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy.Conclusion: The JSE-L-S appears to be a reliable measure of empathy among undergraduate law students, which could help provide insights into law student welfare and future performance as legal practitioners. Additional evaluation of the JSE-L-S is required to disambiguate some of the minor findings explored. Adjustments may improve the psychometric properties. Keywords: empathy, law, student, Jefferson, sympathy

Published
2016

348. Selected abstracts

Author

Corkery, P. P., Leek, B. F., Caulfield, B., Garrett, M., Gormley, J. P., OʼDonnell, P. M., Kennedy, N., Sayers, K., Stokes, E., Bresnihan, B., Fitzgerald, O., McGarvey, M. A., Tonra, M., Hooper, A. C. B., Barry, J., Maurer, B., Hussey, J., Gormley, J., Noble, J. G., Alves-Guerreiro, J., Lowe, A. S., Walsh, D. M., NicNiocaill, B., Harte, M., OʼConnor, W. T., OʼHara, A. M., Orren, A., Moran, A. P., Hardiman, D. A., Lee, T. C., Croke, D. T., Tolan, R., McBennett, S., Warmington, S., McGuire, M., Bradford, A., OʼHare, T., MacDermott, M., Lynch, F., OʼRegan, R. G., McLoughlin, P., Quinn, T., Ryan, J. P., Pickering, M., Campion, D. P., Jones, J. F. X., Ryan, S., McNicholas, W. T., Nolan, P., Doyle, F. J., Rackard, S. M., Beddy, P., Campbell, V. A., Bakhle, Y. S., Bell, C., Usher, C., Chan, L., Keenan, A. K., McQuaid, K. E., Cullen, V. C., Smith, E. M., Kelly, A., Lynch, M. A., Freir, D. B., Holscher, C., Herron, C. E., Pearson, H. A., Curran, B. P., OʼConnor, J. J., Quinn, A., McHale, J., Moriarty, D., OʼConnor, J., Glennon, J. C., Van Vliet, B. J., Long, S. K., Kruse, C., Gallagher, H. C., Bacon, C. L., Boland, B., Griffin, A. M., Preisler, J., OʼBrien, L., Regan, C. M., Hurley, S., Kearney, P. J., Slevin, J., Barry-Kinsella, C., Ryan, C. A., Kllleen, O., Glllan, J., Clarke, T., Matthews, T., Corcoran, D., Dunn, E., Geary, M., OʼHerlihy, C., Keane, D., OʼLeary, M. J., Morrison, J. J., Ryan, E., Gorman, W. A., Bourke, A., Larkin, J., Mayes, C., Jenkins, J., Ryan, M., Lalchandani, S., Sheil, O., Lynch, N., Costigan, C., Murphy, J. F., Bhatia, R., Foran, A., Donohue, V., McParland, P., LaSjaunais, P., Rodesch, G., McGinn, M., McAloon, J., OʼLeary, M., Astbury, K., Harmon, D., Sharkey, A., Gaffney, G., OʼRegan, G., McMahon, C., Murray, D., McDermott, C., Woolhead, E., Gillan, J., Cartmill, J. L., Harper, M. A., Al-Shabibi, N., Hanahoe, M., Wingfield, M., Larkin, J. A. M., Bell, A. H., McClure, B. G., Sweeney, L., Martin, D. H., OʼDonoghue, P., Davoren, A., Lucas, G. F., McKiernan, J., Gallagher, D. M. T., Dunne, K. P., Fulena, O., Sheridan, M., Griffin, E., White, M., Deasy, P., OʼRiordan, M., OʼGorman, C., Mongan, C., McCafferkey, M., Henry, G., McKenna, P., OʼMalley, A., Devaney, D., Kelleghan, P., Mooney, E. E., Gillan, J. E., Fitzpatrick, M., McQuillan, K., Heffron, C., Hodnett, P., Curtain, A., OʼConnor, T. C. F., Connell, T. G., Waldron, D., Gorman, W., Bolger, T., OʼKeefe, M., Murphy, J., Dolan, L. M., Traub, A. I., Slattery, M. M., Curley, A. E., Halliday, H. L., Tubman, T. R. J., Kileen, O., Riadha, H., Russell, J., Philips, R., Regan, C., Ali, I., Coughlan, A. C. J., Turner, M. J., Smith, A., OʼFlanagan, D., Igoe, D., Ryan, F., Forde, D., McArdle, E., Ko, D., Bedford, D., Hegarty, M., Dunlevy, B., Corcoran, R., Holohan, T., Feeney, A., McGee, H., Shannon, W., Condon, M., Hyland, C., Sayers, G., Feely, E., Crowley, D., OʼReilly, D., OʼConnell, T., Cronin, M., Johnson, H., Fitzgeraldi, M., Cafferkey, M., Breslin, A., Bonner, C. J., Foley, B., Fitzgerald, M., Wall, P. G., McNamara, E., Costigan, P., Prendergast, T., Foye, K., Cosgrove, C., Keane, A., Murphy, E., OʼDonnell, J., Quinlan, A., Thornton, L., Roch, E. A., Lyons, R. A., Maddocks, A., Barnes, P., Price, L., McCabe, M., Nash, P., Midha, A., Doyle, Y., Kilgallen, A., Wright, P., Ryan, T., De La Harpe, D., Harkins, V., Brennan, C., OʼConnell, V., Evans, D. S., Mhuircheartaigh, Ni J., OʼDonnell, J. M., Rhatigan, A., Shelley, E., Collins, C., Byrne, M., Murphy, A. W., Plunkett, P. K., Murray, A., Bury, G., Lynam, F., McMahon, G., Greally, T., Kane, D., Veale, D., Reece, R., Busteed, S., Bennett, M. 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2000
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