Search

Reconhecendo que as publicações acadêmicas sobre educação e educação ambiental raramente chegam às escolas, o Grupo de Pesquisa em educação ambiental da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), campus de Bauru, desenvolveu um estudo coletivo a fim de identificar quais fontes de informação os(as) professores(as) da Educação Básica utilizam em seu processo de formação sobre educação ambiental. Nosso objetivo geral foi, de posse dessas informações, estabelecer diretrizes para que as publicações de nossas pesquisas cheguem - e de maneira mais significativa - às escolas, contribuindo, assim, para a inserção da educação ambiental nesse espaço. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo na modalidade pesquisa de campo, cujos dados para análise foram coletados por observações nas escolas e entrevistas com cerca de trezentos professores em 14 municípios da região central do Estado de São Paulo. Apresentamos, neste artigo, nossas conclusões acerca, especificamente, das fontes de informação utilizadas pelos professores entrevistados.

O ensino superior se instituiu tardiamente no Brasil, apresentando como novidade a criação de variadas políticas de acesso. Todavia, existe parcela populacional desassistida em seu acesso: os apenados. Defende-se a instituição de políticas educacionais, em nível superior, como uma das formas de ressocialização dos apenados, já que o Brasil apresenta índice de cerca de 75% de reincidência e crescente população carcerária (3ª maior do mundo). Faz-se esboço histórico do ensino superior e se descreve como a pena e a educação escolar prisional são abordadas, afunilando-se a temática no Rio Grande do Sul. Conclui-se que existe o direito positivado dos apenados à educação, porém é negligenciado. O assunto é instigante, seja pela pouca literatura e/ou pelo caráter social e humano que contém.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o potencial alelopático de extratos aquosos de amoreira-negra sobre a germinação de sementes, de milho. Para o estudo foram utilizadas as concentrações de extrato em 0% 50% 75% e 100%. Para obtenção dos extratos foi utilizado folhas frescas de amoreira. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado. Observou–se uma melhora na porcentagem de germinação das sementes de acordo com o aumento da concentração dos extratos. Em relação ao comprimento médio da raiz primaria (CMRP) e comprimento médio de parte aérea (CMPA) observa-se que a aplicação do extrato não interferiu negativamente no crescimento, tanto que os mesmos foram afetados pelos extratos da amoreira-negra de forma linear crescente com o aumento da concentração. Os resultados do seguinte estudo sugerem que os extratos aquosos das folhas da amoreira-negra apresentaram efeito alelopático sobre a germinação de sementes de milho e não afeta negativamente o crescimento de raiz primaria e parte aérea, o que viabilizaria estudos a campo de um possível consórcio entre as duas espécies.

The acceleration of economic and scientifi c development caused by the production system and mechanistic science, have created new power structures and new political and social problems, including environmental ones, consolidating a period of widespread crisis in different spheres of society. In this context, refl ection about the major causes of environmental problems is necessary in the fi eld of environmental education. Therefore, considering that the current environmental crisis is directly related to the mode and the devices of production of the capitalist system, initiatives on environmental education should refl ect, from a historical and dialectical process, on what is advocated by capitalist society. Considering the various theoretical-practical concepts and approaches in environmental education, the principles of Critical Environmental Education can provide conditions to confront the structural crisis that we are facing, through the educational process. It is a political process of refl ection and critical appropriation of knowledge, attitudes, values and behaviors that aims to contribute to build a sustainable society from the social and environmental points of view. We intend to articulate it through the theoretical formulations of Historical-Critical Pedagogy with the purpose of presenting a refl ection that may contribute to a pedagogic response to environmental issues, especially regarding the formation of teachers who develop projects in schools. Thus, this present study intends to highlight the contributions of the philosophy of praxis in the formation of environmental educators, grounded in theoretical aspects of Critical Environmental Education.Resumo: A aceleração dos desenvolvimentos econômico e científi co causada pelo sistema de produção e pela ciência mecanicista fez surgir novas estruturações de poder e novos problemas políticos e sociais, inclusive os ambientais, consolidando-se, assim, um período de crises disseminadas nos vários âmbitos da sociedade. Em tal conjuntura, a refl exão sobre as principais causas da problemática ambiental apresenta-se como necessidade para o campo da educação ambiental. Considerando, portanto, que a atual crise ambiental está diretamente relacionada ao modo e aos meios de produção do sistema capitalista, entende-se que as iniciativas no âmbito da educação ambiental devem refl etir, a partir de um processo histórico e dialético, sobre o que preconiza a sociedade do capital. Diante das diversas concepções e abordagens teórico-práticas existentes na educação ambiental, os princípios da educação ambiental crítica podem criar condições para o enfrentamento da crise estrutural que estamos vivenciando, a partir do processo educativo. Entendida como um processo político de apropriação crítica e reflexiva de conhecimentos, atitudes, valores e comportamentos, que tem como objetivo contribuir para a construção de uma sociedade sustentável do ponto de vista ambiental e social, pretendemos articulá-la às formulações teóricas da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica , com vistas a apresentar uma reflexão que contribua para o enfrentamento pedagógico da questão ambiental, especialmente no que diz respeito à formação dos professores que desenvolvem projetos no âmbito escolar. Assim, o presente estudo objetiva evidenciar as contribuições da filosofi a da práxis na formação do educador ambiental, tendo como fundamentação os pressupostos teóricos inseridos na vertente da educação ambiental crítica.

INTRODUCTION:Muscle injury is common among athletes and amateur practitioners of sports. Following an injury, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs, which can harm healthy muscle fibers (secondary damage) and delay the repair process. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) administered prior to or following an injury has demonstrated positive and protective effects on muscle repair, but the combination of both administration times together has not been clarified. AIM:To evaluate the effect of LLLT (660 nm and 780 nm, 10 J/cm², 40 mW, 3.2 J) prior to injury with or without the administration after injury on oxidative stress during the muscle repair process. METHODS:Wistar rats were divided into following groups: control; muscle injury alone; LLLT 660 nm + injury; LLLT 780 nm + injury; LLLT 660 nm before and after injury; and LLLT 780 nm before and after injury. The rats were euthanized on days 1, 3 and 7 following cryoinjury of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, which was then removed for analysis. RESULTS:Lipid peroxidation decreased in the 660+injury group after one day. Moreover, red and infrared LLLT employed at both administration times induced a decrease in lipid peroxidation after seven days. CAT activity was altered by LLLT in all periods evaluated, with a decrease after one day in the 780+injury+780 group and after seven days in the 780+injury group as well as an increase in the 780+injury and 780+injury+780 groups after three days. Furthermore, increases in GPx and SOD activity were found after seven days in the 780+injury+780 group. CONCLUSION:The administration of red and infrared laser therapy at different times positively modulates the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces stress markers during the muscle repair process.

Ao conceber a educação ambiental como uma forma de contextualizar as relações entre sociedade e natureza na educação, entende-se que a prática educativa ambiental na escola requer formação que possibilite ao professor se instrumentalizar para o enfrentamento pedagógico da questão ambiental. Partindo desta necessidade, e considerando que a educação ambiental não se restringe às ações fragmentadas e pontuais de tematização do ambiente na educação, este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo que buscou, fundamentado na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, contextualizar e problematizar a formação de professores para a educação ambiental na escola pública. Para isso, com o objetivo de empreender uma análise crítica das bases que fundamentam a produção acadêmica e científica sobre Formação de Professores, buscamos contribuir para a construção de uma concepção sócio-histórica para a Formação de Professores como educadores ambientais.

Esta investigación describe e interpreta los Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas (C.A.P), que poseen 10 estudiantes del grado 6-1 de una Institución Educativa en Ibagué-Tolima frente a la prevención del dengue. La investigación se llevó a cabo desde un enfoque mixto con elementos propios del enfoque cualitativo como la realización de observaciones participativas activas, revisión documental, una encuesta CAP y una entrevista semi estructurada, junto con herramientas cuantitativas como la escala tipo Likert y una encuesta escrita tipo cuestionario, teniendo en cuenta un sistema de categorías (C. A. P), empleado para el análisis de trabajos prácticos en la enseñanza de la biología. Se evidenció actitud positiva pero incoherente entre los conocimientos y las prácticas, se resalta la importancia de la familia en el proceso aplicativo de los conocimientos. Por otro lado, existen vacíos conceptuales sobre la dinámica de la enfermedad dado que estudiantes y familiares demostraron no conocerla íntegramente. El refuerzo en el aula de clase sobre el ciclo de vida de Aedes aegypti, el papel del agente etiológico en la dinámica de la transmisión y el rol de la comunidad como manipulador del ambiente del vector, pueden mejorar la comprensión y por consiguiente aclarar los aspectos más importantes para prevenir la transmisión.

A aceleração dos desenvolvimentos econômico e científi co causada pelo sistema de produção e pela ciência mecanicista fez surgir novas estruturações de poder e novos problemas políticos e sociais, inclusive os ambientais, consolidando-se, assim, um período de crises disseminadas nos vários âmbitos da sociedade. Em tal conjuntura, a refl exão sobre as principais causas da problemática ambiental apresenta- se como necessidade para o campo da educação ambiental. Considerando, portanto, que a atual crise ambiental está diretamente relacionada ao modo e aos meios de produção do sistema capitalista, entende-se que as iniciativas no âmbito da educação ambiental devem refl etir, a partir de um processo histórico e dialético, sobre o que preconiza a sociedade do capital. Diante das diversas concepções e abordagens teórico-práticas existentes na educação ambiental, os princípios da educação ambiental crítica podem criar condições para o enfrentamento da crise estrutural que estamos vivenciando, a partir do processo educativo. Entendida como um processo político de apropriação crítica e refl exiva de conhecimentos, atitudes, valores e comportamentos, que tem como objetivo contribuir para a construção de uma sociedade sustentável do ponto de vista ambiental e social, pretendemos articulá-la às formulações teóricas da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica , com vistas a apresentar uma refl exão que contribua para o enfrentamento pedagógico da questão ambiental, especialmente no que diz respeito à formação dos professores que desenvolvem projetos no âmbito escolar. Assim, o presente estudo objetiva evidenciar as contribuições da fi losofi a da práxis na formação do educador ambiental, tendo como fundamentação os pressupostos teóricos inseridos na vertente da educação ambiental crítica.

Nos últimos anos, a correlação entre enfraquecimento do sistema de financiamento das regiões periféricas e acirramento das desigualdades regionais vem sendo explorada teoricamente, principalmente pelas agendas de pesquisa novokeynesianas e pós-keynesianas. O Brasil, a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990, em função da estabilização monetária, vem sofrendo um processo de concentração bancária que se traduz, por meio da transferência intra-bancos, na migração de créditos das regiões menos desenvolvidas para as mais desenvolvidas, o que os pós-keynesianos definem como “vazamento de crédito”. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que o modelo da agência de fomento estadual, dentro de uma lógica de “finanças de proximidade”, ao organizar a oferta e a demanda de crédito, pode contribuir para a reestruturação do sistema de fomento regional e, deste modo, alavancar operações de crédito nas regiões menos desenvolvidas. Por meio do levantamento dos dados junto ao Banco Central sobre as operações de crédito, depósitos à vista e número de agências em Alagoas e comparando-os com os de São Paulo, busca-se mostra que o modelo da Agência de Fomento é um instrumento viável para uma política de estruturação de sistema local de financiamento.

El presente artículo se propone reflexionar y analizar la situación de las mujeres beneficiarias de planes sociales implementados en los últimos años en nuestro país, como el Programa de Empleo Transitorio "Entre Nosotros", el Programa "Madres" y el Plan Jefes y Jefas de Hogar Desocupados, a la luz de los aportes teóricos desarrollados por la geografía cultural y especialmente por las llamadas geografías de género. Los aportes de esta disciplina ofrecen perspectivas de análisis enriquecedoras para reflexionar acerca de las relaciones de género, el lugar ocupado por la mujer en la sociedad, las identidades que se construyen en función de los lugares que éstas ocupan en la estructura social, y el rol jugado por las políticas sociales en la construcción de sus identidades. En los casos analizados, puede apreciarse cómo los diferentes lugares ocupados por las beneficiarias de los programas adquieren valoraciones y significaciones diferentes, por lo cual se produce un movimiento de búsqueda de espacios que adquieren una valoración social positiva y que contribuyen a la construcción de nuevas identidades.This article's aim is to think and analyse the situation of those women who receive any of the social plans implemented in the last years in our country (such as Programa de Empleo Transitorio "Entre Nosotros", the Programa "Madres" and the plan Jefes y Jefas de Hogar Desocupados), in the light of theoretical arguments developed from cultural geography and specially from the so called gender geography. This discipline's contributions provide analytical perspectives to enrich the process of thinking about the gender relationships, the place occupied by the women in the society, the identities built according to the place women occupy in the social structure, and the role played by the social policy in the construction of such identities. In the analysed cases, it can be appreciated how the different places occupied by the beneficiaries of programs acquire different values and meanings, which produces a search for spaces that have a positive social valuation and that contribute to the construction of new identities.

Aims The exercise-induced beneficial mechanisms after long-term myocardial infarction (MI) are incompletely understood. The present study evaluated the effect of treadmill exercise training (5 weeks), started at a late stage of heart failure (HF) (13 weeks post-MI), on rat left ventricle remodelling and dysfunction of the regional global and cellular contractile functions. Methods and results In vivo echocardiography confirmed that sub-endocardial (ENDO) layers contract more (+86%) and faster (+50%) than the sub-epicardial (EPI) layers. This gradient was lost in MI rats due to a predominant reduction in the ENDO layer contractility. Exercise partially restored the amplitude and velocity of ENDO contraction, resulting in a partial recovery of the pump function indexed by the aortic blood-flow velocity time integral. At the cellular level, MI impaired ENDO contractile properties by reducing cell shortening (10–7%), calcium transient, and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. These alterations were normalized by exercise. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)2a expression and myosin light chain (MLC)-2 phosphorylation in ENDO cells were significantly reduced after MI and were restored by exercise. The EPI layer was only slightly reduced in vivo without cellular alterations. Conclusion This study shows that exercise performed at a late stage after MI restored a transmural non-uniformity of myocardium lost during HF. Recoveries of Ca2+ homeostasis and myofilament function of cardiomyocytes contribute to this beneficial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Identified the inappropriate prescription of drugs in elderly assisted geriatric outpatient clinic in the region of Vale do Rio Pardo in Rio Grande do Sul according to the criteria of STOPP and START. Cross-sectional study of 221 elderly, based on retrospective analysis of medical records using comprehensive geriatric assessment data held in the first visit. Descriptive variables were age, sex, number of pathologies and number of medications in use. And the study variables were potentially inappropriate medications (MPI) and potentially omitted medications (MPO), according to the STOPP and START criteria. Descriptive statistics were performed with frequencies, means and standard deviations where appropriate. It was observed 157 (71%) female patients. The average age was 75 (±8.26) years, 49.8% in the range of 75-84 years. The average number of drugs was 3 (±2.27), with 22.63% using 5 or more medications. The average pathologies was 3.45 (±2.02). They identified 194 prescriptions of MPI and observed 93 MPO. The most identified were the MPI for the cardiovascular system, especially β noncardioselective blockers and acetylsalicylic acid. Also MPO were found most of the cardiovascular system, with emphasis on acetylsalicylic acid and inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme. This is sample of elderly with significant prevalence of inappropriate prescribing of drugs. Studies using the STOPP criteria and START in different health care settings can qualify the care provided to the elderly.

This study compares the detection rates of Chlamydia trachomatis by two techniques, direct immunofluorescence (IMF) and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in patients with and without intra-epithelial cervical lesions (SIL) in Recife. We conducted a transversal study involving 35 women with SIL and 35 without SIL attended at Ambulatório Especializado da Mulher, Recife, Brazil. They were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis using two techniques, direct IMF or real time PCR. The rates of Chlamydia trachomatis detection were compared and the association with intra-epithelial cervical lesions was determined using the chi-square test at a 5% level of significance. Concordance between the tests was evaluated using kappa. The global prevalence of Chlamydia infection was 47.1% by direct IMF and 58.6% by real time PCR. A significant association was observed between Chlamydia diagnosis and presence of intra-epithelial cervical lesions, with about 80% positive results by direct IMF and 77.1% by real time PCR. However, the detected rate of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was significantly greater in patients without intra-epithelial cervical lesions tested by real time PCR (40%) when compared to direct IMF (14.3%). The concordance between the tests was weak, with a kappa coefficient of 0.4. Both real time PCR and direct IMF detected elevated rates of Chlamydia infection in patients with intra-epithelial cervical lesions (80%) but the tests were discordant when patients without cervical lesions were tested, possibly because sensitivity of real time PCR is greater.

Abstract Vitamin D exerts an immuno-modulatory activity on several immune system cells through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Herein, we verified that age and a therapeutic regimen containing protease inhibitors are associated with failures in antiretroviral therapies (ARVs). In addition, we assessed whether a VDR SNP (rs11568820: C allele and CC genotype) and GC (rs2228570-rs11568820) allelic combinations are associated with immunological failure (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest a possible role of VDR SNPs on immunological failure in HIV-1+ individuals undergoing regular ARVs.

We propose a new Markov switching model with time-varying transitions probabilities. The novelty of our model is that the transition probabilities evolve over time by means of an observation driven model. The innovation of the time-varying probability is generated by the score of the predictive likelihood function. We show how the model dynamics can be readily interpreted. We investigate the performance of the model in a Monte Carlo study and show that the model is successful in estimating a range of different dynamic patterns for unobserved regime switching probabilities. We also illustrate the new methodology in an empirical setting by studying the dynamic mean and variance behaviour of US industrial production growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tick saliva has a pivotal function in parasitism. It has pharmacological and immunomodulatory properties, with several proteins reported in its composition. Thyroglobulin type-1 domain protease inhibitor (thyropin)-like proteins are found in tick saliva, but their function, properties and structures are poorly characterized. It has been reported that thyropins are capable of inhibiting cysteine peptidases present in antigen-presenting cells. To elucidate the role of thyropin-like proteins in ticks, we conducted in silico analysis and cloned an open reading frame from a thyropin-like protein found in Rhipicephalus microplus. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed, followed by immunological characterization and a vaccine trial against Rhipicephalus sanguineus in rabbits. Several differences are observed between thyropin-like proteins from hard and soft ticks, especially the number of thyroglobulin domains and predicted glycosylation pattern. Thyropin-like proteins also differ between postriata and metastriata ticks, the latter having a coil-domain at the C-terminal region and high number of predicted glycosylation sites. Overall, the data suggested divergence in thyropin-like proteins functions among ticks. The recombinant thyropin-like protein is immunogenic and the antibodies against it are able to recognize the native protein in tick saliva and tissues. While the recombinant protein does not elicit a protective response against R. sanguineus infestation, its characterization paves the way for further investigations aimed at determining the precise function of this protein in tick physiology., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

We investigate rating and default risk dynamics over the covid-19 crisis from a credit risk modeling perspective. We find that growth dynamics remain a stable and sufficient predictor of credit risk incidence over the pandemic period, despite its large, short-lived swings due to government intervention and lockdown. Unobserved component models as used in the recent credit risk literature appear mainly helpful for explaining the high-default wave in the early 2000s, but less so for default prediction above and beyond growth dynamics during the 2008 financial crisis or the early 2020 covid default peak. Government support variables do not reduce the impact of either growth proxies or unobserved components. Correlations between government support and credit risk are different, however, during the financial and the covid crisis. Using the empirical models in this paper as credit risk management tools, we show that growth factors also suffice to predict credit risk quantiles out-of-sample during covid times., Competing Interests: The authors declare they have no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Authors.)

In the past decade, metagenomics studies exploring tick microbiota have revealed widespread interactions between bacteria and arthropods, including symbiotic interactions. Functional studies showed that obligate endosymbionts contribute to tick biology, affecting reproductive fitness and molting. Understanding the molecular basis of the interaction between ticks and their mutualist endosymbionts may help to develop control methods based on microbiome manipulation. Previously, we showed that Rhipicephalus microplus larvae with reduced levels of Coxiella endosymbiont of R. microplus (CERM) were arrested at the metanymph life stage (partially engorged nymph) and did not molt into adults. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic differential analysis of the R. microplus metanymph in the presence and absence of its mutualist endosymbiont. The lack of CERM resulted in an altered expression profile of transcripts from several functional categories. Gene products such as DA-P36, protease inhibitors, metalloproteases, and evasins, which are involved in blood feeding capacity, were underexpressed in CERM-free metanymphs. Disregulation in genes related to extracellular matrix remodeling was also observed in the absence of the symbiont. Taken together, the observed alterations in gene expression may explain the blockage of development at the metanymph stage and reveal a novel physiological aspect of the symbiont-tick-vertebrate host interaction., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Guizzo, Tirloni, Gonzalez, Farber, Braz, Parizi, Dedavid e Silva, da Silva Vaz and Oliveira.)

The world coffee consumption has been growing for its appreciated taste and its beneficial effects on health. The residual biomass of coffee, originated in the food industry after oil extraction from coffee beans, called coffee beans residual press cake, has attracted interest as a source of compounds with antioxidant activity. This study investigated the chemical composition of aqueous extracts of coffee beans residual press cake (AE), their antioxidant activity, and the effect of topical application on the skin wound healing, in animal model, of hydrogels containing the AE, chlorogenic acid (CGA), allantoin (positive control), and carbopol (negative control). The treatments' performance was compared by measuring the reduction of the wound area, with superior result ( p < 0.05) for the green coffee AE (78.20%) with respect to roasted coffee AE (53.71%), allantoin (70.83%), and carbopol (23.56%). CGA hydrogels reduced significantly the wound area size on the inflammatory phase, which may be associated with the well known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of that compound. The topic use of the coffee AE studied improved the skin wound healing and points to an interesting biotechnological application of the coffee bean residual press cake., Competing Interests: The authors declare there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of the HLA genotypes DQ2 and DQ8 and the alleles A1*05, A1*0201, B1*0201 and B1*0302 in individuals with celiac disease in Recife, northeastern Brazil., Methods: HLA DQ2 and DQ8 genotyping was performed for 73 individuals with celiac disease and 126 first-degree relatives with negative transglutaminase serology. The alleles DQA1*05, DQA1*0201, DQB1*02 and DQB1*0302 were identified by sequencing using specific primers and the EU-DQ kit from the Eurospital Laboratory, Trieste, Italy and double-checked by the All Set SPP kit (Dynal)., Results: Among the 73 cases, 50 (68.5%) had the genotype DQ2, 13 (17.8%) had DQ8, 5 (6.8%) had DQ2 and DQ8, and 5 did not have any of these genotypes. Among the 5 negative individuals, four had the B1*02 allele and one did not have any of the alleles studied. B1*02 was the most frequent allele in both groups (94% in the patients and 89% in the control relatives)., Conclusions: In this study, celiac disease was associated with the genotypes DQ2 and DQ8. DQ2 predominated, but the distribution of the frequencies was different from what has been found in European populations and was closer to what has been found in the Americas. The high frequencies of the HLA genotypes DQ2 and DQ8 that were found in first-degree relatives would make it difficult to use these HLA genotypes for routine diagnosis of celiac disease in this group.