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Objective: This study aims to investigate early oncologic outcomes in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) with venous invasion (VI) treated using both open and mini-invasive approaches. Patients and materials: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 4 international referral center databases, including all the patients undergoing adrenalectomy for ACC with VI from January 2007 to March 2020. According to CT scan or MRI, the tumor thrombus was classified into four levels: (1) adrenal vein invasion; (2) renal vein invasion; (3) infra-hepatic Inferior vena cava (IVC); and (4) retro-hepatic IVC. In addition, we divided our patients into patients who had undergone open surgery and mini-invasive surgery. Results: We identified 20 patients with a median follow-up of 12 months. The median tumor size was 110mm. ENSAT stage was II in 4 patients, III in 13 patients, and IV in 3 patients. Tumor thrombus extended in the adrenal vein (n=5), renal vein (n=1), infra-hepatic IVC (n=9), or into the retro-hepatic IVC (n=5). Ten patients were treated with a mini-invasive approach. The patient treated with an open approach reported a more aggressive disease. The two groups did not differ in surgical margins, surgical time, blood losses, complications, and length of stay. The prognosis resulted worse in the patient undergoing open. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated a difference in OS for the patients stratified by ENSAT stage (Log-rank p=0.011); we also reported a difference in DFS for patients stratified for thrombus extension (p=0.004) and ENSAT stage (p<0.001). Conclusion: The DFS of patients with VI from ACC is influenced by the staging and the extension of the venous invasion; the staging influences the OS. The mini-invasive approach seems feasible in selected patients; however, further studies investigating the oncological outcomes are needed. Patient summary: A mini-invasive approach for adrenal tumors with venous invasion is an explorable option in very selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the pharmacokinetic effects of SHR3680 on repaglinide and bupropion and its metabolite hydroxybupropion. Methods: A single‐centre, open‐label, single‐arm, fixed‐sequence clinical trial in 18 patients with prostate cancer. Results: After a single oral dose of 0.5 mg repaglinide and SHR3680, geometric mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of plasma repaglinide was 14.240 and 5.887 ng/mL, geometric mean area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–t)was 20.577 and 7.320 h ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–∞ was 20.949 and 7.451 h ng/mL, mean half‐life (t1/2) was 1.629 and 1.195 hours, and geometric mean oral clearance (CL/F) was 23.867 and 67.107 L/h, respectively. After a single oral administration of 150 mg bupropion and SHR3680, geometric mean Cmax of plasma bupropion was 85.430 and 33.747 ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–t was 1003.896 and 380.158 h ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–∞ was 1038.054 and 401.387 h ng/mL, mean t1/2 was 22.533 and 17.733 hours, and geometric mean CL/F was 144.501 and 373.705 L/h, respectively. The plasma geometric mean Cmax of its main active metabolic hydroxybupropion was 268.113 and 177.318 ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–t was 14 283.087 and 5420.219 h ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–∞ was 15 218.158 and 5364.625 h ng/mL, mean t1/2 were 36.069 and 16.688 hours, and geometric mean CL/F was 8.623 L/h and 27.961 L/h, respectively. Conclusion: Coadministration of SHR3680 with repaglinide or bupropion significantly shortened the elimination half‐lives, significantly increased the apparent clearance rate, and significantly decreased the in vivo exposure of repaglinide, bupropion and hydroxybupropion compared with single administration of repaglinide or bupropion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fujian Province is one of the most frequent areas of landslide disasters in China, so the study of landslide susceptibility in this region is of great significance. Based on the mass landslides that occurred in Sanming, Fujian in 2019, the study used DEM data and aerial imagery to sort out the area, elevation, lithology, and road or building proximity of 131 landslides, and calculated the slope, profile curvature, and plan curvature of the landslides after improving the elevation matrix according to the geometry of landslides. Normalized landslide frequency was used to calculate the contribution of each causative factor to landslide disasters, so as to establish logistic regression models of landslide susceptibility on different scales. It was found that the model based on the 500 m * 500 m grid was the most suitable for evaluating landslide susceptibility. However, the logical regression model is deficient, not only the number of samples should reach more than 50, but also the incidence rate should be at least 30–70%, in order to avoid the model being not significant caused of the small number of samples and the sample imbalance, resulting in too many underestimated or overestimated samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As one of the major diagnostic criteria in Musculoskeletal Infection Society, the microbiological diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) performed by analyzing periprosthetic tissue culture is recommended. The goal of this study was to determine if methylene blue (MB) has antibacterial effects that might interfere with microbial culture in vitro. Methods: Eight isolates of reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Candida albicans were incubated appropriately on blood agar, China blue agar, or Sabouraud’s agar plates at 35 ℃. (Streptococci were cultured in a CO2-rich atmosphere.) Each bacterial suspension was formed by 50-fold dilution before the test MB was added. For each strain, bacterial suspension was divided into 3 groups (5 samples each) exposed either MB 0.1%, MB 0.05% or sterile non-bacteriostatic 0.45% saline. The antimicrobial property of MB was determined by measuring the bacterial density on agar plates incubated for 24 h and comparing it with controls unexposed to MB. Results: Exposure to MB 0.1% or MB 0.05% negatively affected microbial viability in vitro. Of the diluted form of MB exposure, reference strains of S. hominis and A. baumannii resulted in fewer colony-forming units compared with the sterile saline control. MB concentration was significantly negatively correlated with CFU counts of S. hominis and A. baumannii strains. The antibacterial property of MB 0.1% or MB 0.05% appears to affect the ability to culture the organism in in vitro assays. Conclusion: MB 0.1% or MB 0.05% has strong antimicrobial activities against some commonly encountered bacterial strains in PJI in vitro. To further evaluate its potential antibacterial usefulness in clinical applications, the next studies are needed to assess the ability of MB to affect the ability to culture the pathogens in vivo, especially in periprosthetic tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of LINC00240/miR-155/Nrf2 axis on trophoblast function and macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Methods: Bindings between LINC00240, miR-155 and Nrf2 were validated by dual luciferase reporter assay or RNA-immunoprecipitation. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and pyroptosis were detected by CCK-8, clone formation, wound healing, Transwell system, and flow cytometry, respectively. Macrophage polarization was tested by flow cytometry. The expression levels of LINC00240, miR-155, Nrf2, and oxidative stress and pyroptosis-related markers in in vitro and in vivo preeclampsia models were analyzed by qPCR, western blot, or ELISA assays. Blood pressure, urine protein levels, liver and kidney damages, and trophoblast markers in placenta tissues were further studied in vivo. Results: Placenta tissues from preeclampsia patients and animals showed decreased LINC00240 and Nrf2 and increased miR-155 expression levels, and the decreased M2 macrophage polarization. LINC00240 directly bound and inhibited expression of miR-155, which then inhibited oxidative stress-induced pyroptosis, promoting proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of trophoblasts, and M2 macrophage polarization. Inhibition of miR-155 led to increased Nrf2 expression and similar changes as LINC00240 overexpression in trophoblast function and macrophage polarization. Overexpression of LINC00240 in in vivo preeclampsia model decreased blood pressure, urine protein, liver and kidney damages, increased fetal weight and length, and induced trophoblast function and M2 macrophage polarization. Conclusion: LINC00240 inhibited symptoms of preeclampsia through regulation on miR-155/Nrf2 axis, which suppressed oxidative stress-induced pyroptosis to improve trophoblast function and M2 macrophage polarization. LINC00240 could be a potential therapeutic target for preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]