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Conventional electric vehicles' (EVs) free charging impacts evaluation in a separate distribution system may result in an “optimistic” result. Therefore, a new method based on global power flow (GPF) with transmission and distribution grids included, defined as GPF-based method, was proposed in this paper. With EVs' free charging loads model, the power injected into the distribution system was obtained. Then, supposing global system is a master-slave-typed system, GPF-based evaluation was performed with master-slave-solver where transmission and distribution power flow were iteratively calculated. When global power flow came to convergence, the iterative relations of transmission and distribution systems were fully reflected and a more realistic evaluation result was achieved. A global power system was constructed and the simulation results of different evaluation methods were compared. GPF-based method obtained a more reliable evaluation result. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt GPF-based method to evaluate EVs' charging impacts, especially when they are largely integrated in smart grid. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Some latest research works on EVs integration in China are presented in this paper. A future energy management framework supporting large-scale EVs fleets is proposed, involving five related topics: 1) modeling of EV swarms charging load based on naturalistic travel patterns; 2) global power flow based assessment and early warning technologies considering real-time traffic information; 3) emergency control by regulating EVs charging infrastructures; 4) optimized coordination with EVs and renewable energies; 5) interaction between power system and transportation system. Finally, some common features of the above researches are surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]