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Stigma is a common problem among people living with HIV/ AIDS ( PLWHA). However, little is known about HIV/ AIDS-related stigma in older PLWHA over the age of 50. This study described the stigma of HIV/ AIDS and its factors based on 120 PLWHA aged 50 or older in an area of high HIV prevalence in south rural China. Each participant completed a face-to-face questionnaire that collected information on demographic characteristics, AIDS-related events and experience of HIV/ AIDS-related stigma. Finally, only 18.1% reported experiencing external stigma compared with 64.3% feeling internal stigma. Regression analysis indicated that social support and health status were the two variables that were significantly predictive of both external and internal stigma. Whatever, the more support were received from family members by PLWHA, the less external stigma was perceived. Negative marital situation was also related to external stigma. Reducing HIV/ AIDS stigma requires a supportive environment, positive attitude and correct knowledge of AIDS. Health workers and policy makers should take practical approaches to reduce prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular manifestations can be seen early in the pathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Animal experiments, laboratory and clinical findings indicated that acute or long-term vibration exposure can induce vascular abnormalities. Recent years, in addition to Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), vibration as a risk factor for other rheumatic diseases has also received corresponding considered. This review is concentrated upon the role of vibration in the disease of systemic sclerosis (SSc). In this review, we are going to discuss the main mechanisms which are thought to be important in pathophysiology of vascular injury under the three broad headings of 'vascular', 'neural' and 'intravascular'. Aspects on the vibration and vascular inflammation are briefly discussed. And the epidemiological studies related to vibration studies in SSc and other rheumatic diseases are taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consecutivearomatic C–F bond and C–H bond activationsof aryl fluorides were achieved by iridium porphyrins to initiallygive aryl and finally fluoroaryl iridium porphyrins. The C–Fbond activation product is generated first, which is the precursorfor the C–H bond activation. Both experimental and theoreticalresults support that the C–F bond is cleaved by iridium porphyrinanion through nucleophilic aromatic substitution, and the C–Hbond cleavage is through homolytic aromatic substitution by iridiumporphyrin radical followed by hydrogen atom abstraction. Moreover,the meta-fluorophenyl iridium porphyrin is the mostthermodynamic stable regioisomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the most efficacious treatment for eradication of Helicobacter pylori with the lowest likelihood of some common adverse events among pre-recommended and newer treatment regimens., Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis., Data Sources: Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase without language or date restrictions., Study Selection: Full text reports of randomised controlled trials that compared different eradication treatments for H pylori among adults., Results: Of the 15,565 studies identified, 143 were eligible and included. Data on 14 kinds of treatments were available. Of 91 possible comparisons for the efficacy outcome, 34 were compared directly and the following treatments performed better: seven days of concomitant treatment (proton pump inhibitor and three kinds of antibiotics administered together), 10 or 14 days of concomitant treatment, 10 or 14 days of probiotic supplemented triple treatment (standard triple treatment which is probiotic supplemented), 10 or 14 days of levofloxacin based triple treatment (proton pump inhibitor, levofloxacin, and antibiotic administered together), 14 days of hybrid treatment (proton pump inhibitor and amoxicillin used for seven days, followed by a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and 5-nitroimidazole for another seven days), and 10 or 14 days of sequential treatment (five or seven days of a proton pump inhibitor plus amoxicillin, followed by five or seven additional days of a proton pump inhibitor plus clarithromycin and 5-nitroimidazole or amoxicillin). In terms of tolerance, all treatments were considered tolerable, but seven days of probiotic supplemented triple treatment and seven days of levofloxacin based triple treatment ranked best in terms of the proportion of adverse events reported., Conclusion: Comparison of different eradication treatments for H pylori showed that concomitant treatments, 10 or 14 days of probiotic supplemented triple treatment, 10 or 14 days of levofloxacin based triple treatment, 14 days of hybrid treatment, and 10 or 14 days of sequential treatment might be better alternatives for the eradication of H pylori., (© Li et al 2015.)

Introduction: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine that mainly produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells. In this article, we discussed the role of IL-17 in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, and the therapeutic strategies targeting IL-17., Areas Covered: In this article, we discussed the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 and IL-17 receptors signals, and their regulation. IL-17 expression was abnormal in the bacterium, virus and fungus infection, and its higher level caused the tissue inflammation. IL-17 was involved in the pathological process of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and IL-17 has been put as a therapeutic target in the clinic., Expert Opinion: IL-17/IL-17R signals and their application in inflammation process still need to be explored. Therapeutic strategies targeting IL-17 in autoimmune diseases ameliorated the inadequate response to anti-TNF-α therapy.

Many biotic and abiotic stresses can cause oxidative stress in plants. The identification of components involved in plant response to oxidative stress has attracted wide attention. The members of AtSRO family, including AtRCD1, AtSRO1, and AtSRO5, regulate plants' response to oxidative stress. AtSROs participate in plant normal growth and development, and play important roles in plant response to stresses, such as drought, salt, heavy metal, and so on. In addition, AtSROs possess some special domains, including PARP and RST. It is speculated that AtSROs may function in regulating protein transcription, adjustment, and modification. This review highlights some recent progresses, such as basic situation of AtSROs, effects of AtSRO family proteins on plant growth and response to abiotic stress, which will provide a theoretical basis for further studying on biological functions of AtSRO.

Objective: To investigate the value and safety of biopsy guided by colposcopy in diagnosis of cervical diseases in pregnant women., Methods: From Aug. 2007 to Feb. 2009, 17 828 pregnant women who receive antenatal examination underwent cervical cytological screening thinprep cytology test (TCT) in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. If abnormal cytological results were found, those pregnant women were administered by colposcopic examination and biopsy after they signed informed consent., Results: (1) TCT: the abnormal TCT results of 1502 pregnant women (8.425%, 1502/17 828) were found in 17 828 cases. (2) Colposcopic examination: two hundred and four pregnant women underwent colposcopic examination. The rate of satisfied colposcopic imaging was 92.6% (189/204), colposcopic examination identified 125 cases with cervical inflammation or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)I, 25 cases with CINII and 54 cases with CINIII or microinvasive squamous carcinoma (MIVC) of squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC). (3) The results of biopsy guided by colposcopy: among 204 cases, it was found 33 cases with cervical inflammation or wart, 95 cases with CINI, 28 CINII, 36 cases with CINIII and 12 cases with MIVC. (4) The rate of concordance: compared with biopsy pathologic examination, colposcopy examination found 113 cases with cervical inflammation and CINI, the rate of concordance was 90.4% (113/125). And 54 cases with CINIII or SCC diagnosed by colposcopy examination, however biopsy pathologic examination confirm 23 cases with CINIII and 10 cases with SCC at stage Ia, the concordance rate was 61% (33/54). (5) Complication: eight (3.9%, 8/204) pregnant women underwent cervical wound suturing due to continuous bleeding after colposcopy exam or biopsy. No other complications were recorded., Conclusions: It is necessary that TCT should be performed in pregnant women without cytological screening within one year. Colposcopic examination and biopsy were indicated if pregnant woman with abnormal cytological result were found. Pregnant women with cervicitis or CINI diagnosed by colposcopy should be followed up. If pregnant woman was suspected with CINII or advanced disease, biopsy guided by colposcopy should be performed.

Objective: To explore the situation of residual lesions in excision margin after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and cold knife conization (CKC) and the risk factors of recurrence in the cases featuring with positive margin., Methods: The medical records of 1213 women undergoing LEEP or CKC, aged (35 +/- 5) (22-40), were retrospectively reviewed. 148 of the 1213 patients (12.2%) who were identified as with positive margin were re-underwent pathological reexamination. 118 of the 148 patients were diagnosed as with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III (CIN III) and 30 as with stage Ia invasive cervical carcinoma. These patients were followed up for 12-99 months. The pathologic diagnoses, position of positive margin, and residual lesion in subsequent specimens were analyzed., Results: Endocervical positive margins were identified in 30 of the 118 (25.4%) CIN III patients and 26 of the 30 (86.6%) stage Ia patients. Residual lesions were found in 15 of the 28 (53.6%) stage Ia cases and 4 pf the 19 (19%) CIN III cases. The rates of endocervical positive margin and residual lesion were higher in stage Ia patients. The risk of residual lesion was 53.1% (17/32) in the patients with endocervical positive margins, significantly higher than that of the patients with extracervical positive margin (16.7%). Recurrence was found in 90 patients during follow-up., Conclusion: Residual lesions often occur in some patients with positive margin. Choice between additional surgery and closely follow-up in the young patients with positive margins who want to preserve their fertility depends on the lesion seriousness and positive position. Residual lesions more frequently exist in the patients with microinvasion and endocervical positivity. Additional surgery should be considered in these cases.

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features and immunophenotype of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT)., Methods: During the period from 1959 to 2005, a total of 1012 cases of gestational trophoblastic disease were diagnosed in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Six cases of PSTT and a case of ETT were retrieved from the archives of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Immunohistochemical study for cytokeratin 18, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), Mel-CAM (CD146), placental-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), inhibin-alpha and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were performed. The morphologic features and immunohistochemical findings were compared with those of the controlled group which consisted of 20 cases of early gestational villi with decidua basalis and 20 cases of hydatidiform moles with implantation site., Results: The mean age of patients with PSTT was 32.4, while the age of patients with ETT was 36. Major clinical findings included irregular vaginal bleeding and amenorrhea. Preoperative serum hCG level varied from normal to moderately elevated. Serum testosterone level was raised in 1 case. Uterine curettage could achieve an accurate pathologic diagnosis in 60% of cases. ETT involved mainly the lower uterine segment and endocervix. Histologically, PSTT cells permeated between the myometrial fibers and vessels either individually or connecting in cords or sheets in a manner reminiscent of the implantation site reaction. ETT composed of a relatively uniform population of mononuclear trophoblastic cells, clumping together in nests as the cell islets associating with eosinophilic, fibrillary and hyaline material and necrotic debris, forming a "geographic map" like pattern. Immunohistochemical study for hPL, hCG, Mel-CAM (CD146) and PLAP was most helpful for the differential diagnosis. The duration of follow-up varied from 14 months to 19 years. One case of PSTT developed metastasis in pancreas, 5 months after the operation. The remaining patients survived without tumor recurrence., Conclusions: PSTT is a tumor of implantation site intermediate trophoblasts while ETT differentiates towards chorionic-type intermediate trophoblasts. The different pathologic features and immunophenotype observed were closely related with the difference in tumor cell differentiation. An accurate pathologic diagnosis of the uterine curettage material is important for the clinical management. According to the limited follow-up data available, the clinical behavior of ETT is seemed similar to that of PSTT.

[reaction: see text] Catalytic systems generated in situ from the chiral PNNP ligands with iridium or rhodium hydride complexes exhibited excellent catalytic activity and good enantioselectivity in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones without added base. The best result was obtained in the IrH(CO)(PPh(3))(3)-ligand 2 catalytic system with up to 99% yield and 97% ee.