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101. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): late breaking abstracts

Author

Althammer, Sonja, primary, Steele, Keith, additional, Rebelatto, Marlon, additional, Tan, Tze Heng, additional, Wiestler, Tobias, additional, Schmidt, Guenter, additional, Higgs, Brandon, additional, Li, Xia, additional, Shi, Li, additional, Jin, Xiaoping, additional, Antal, Joyce, additional, Gupta, Ashok, additional, Ranade, Koustubh, additional, Binning, Gerd, additional, Bellmunt, Joaquim, additional, de Wit, Ronald, additional, Vaughn, David J., additional, Fradet, Yves, additional, Lee, Jae Lyun, additional, Fong, Lawrence, additional, Vogelzang, Nicholas J., additional, Climent, Miguel A., additional, Petrylak, Daniel P., additional, Choueiri, Toni K., additional, Necchi, Andrea, additional, Gerritsen, Winald, additional, Gurney, Howard, additional, Quinn, David I., additional, Culine, Stéphane, additional, Sternberg, Cora N., additional, Mai, Yabing, additional, Puhlmann, Markus, additional, Perini, Rodolfo F., additional, Bajorin, Dean F., additional, Sharma, Padmanee, additional, Callahan, Margaret K., additional, Calvo, Emiliano, additional, Kim, Joseph W., additional, de Braud, Filipo, additional, Ott, Patrick A., additional, Bono, Petri, additional, Pillai, Rathi N., additional, Morse, Michael, additional, Le, Dung T., additional, Taylor, Matthew, additional, Spilliopoulou, Pavlina, additional, Bendell, Johanna, additional, Jaeger, Dirk, additional, Chan, Emily, additional, Antonia, Scott J., additional, Ascierto, Paolo A., additional, Hennicken, Delphine, additional, Tschaika, Marina, additional, Azrilevich, Alex, additional, Rosenberg, Jonathan, additional, Levy, Ofer, additional, Chan, Christopher, additional, Cojocaru, Gady, additional, Liang, Spencer, additional, Ophir, Eran, additional, Ganguly, Sudipto, additional, Toporik, Amir, additional, Kotturi, Maya, additional, Kfir, Tal Fridman, additional, Murter, Benjamin M., additional, Logronio, Kathryn, additional, Dassa, Liat, additional, Leung, Ling, additional, Greenwald, Shirley, additional, Azulay, Meir, additional, Kumar, Sandeep, additional, Alteber, Zoya, additional, Pan, Xiaoyu, additional, Machlenkin, Arthur, additional, Benita, Yair, additional, Drake, Andrew W., additional, Chajut, Ayelet, additional, Salomon, Ran, additional, Vankin, Ilan, additional, Safyon, Einav, additional, Hunter, John, additional, Levine, Zurit, additional, White, Mark, additional, Leidner, Rom, additional, Kang, Hyunseok, additional, Haddad, Robert, additional, Segal, Neil H., additional, Wirth, Lori J., additional, Ferris, Robert L., additional, Hodi, F. Stephen, additional, Sanborn, Rachel E., additional, Gajewski, Thomas F., additional, Sharfman, William, additional, McDonald, Dan, additional, Srivastava, Shivani, additional, Gu, Xuemin, additional, Phillips, Penny, additional, Passey, Chaitali, additional, Seiwert, Tanguy, additional, Habtetsion, Tsadik, additional, Zhou, Gang, additional, Sakellariou-Thompson, Donastas, additional, Haymaker, Cara, additional, Creasy, Caitlin, additional, Hurd, Mark, additional, Uraoka, Naohiro, additional, Canales, Jaime Rodriguez, additional, Koptez, Scott, additional, Hwu, Patrick, additional, Maitra, Anirban, additional, Bernatchez, Chantale, additional, Coyle, Scott M., additional, Roybel, Kole T., additional, Rupp, Levi J., additional, Santoro, Stephen P., additional, Secrest, Stephanie, additional, Spelman, Michael, additional, Ho, Hanson, additional, Gomes, Tina, additional, Tse, Tiffany, additional, Yung-Wu, Chia, additional, Taunton, Jack, additional, Lim, Wendell, additional, Emtage, Peter, additional, Moudgil, Tarsem, additional, Ballesteros-Merino, Carmen, additional, Hilton, Traci, additional, Paustian, Christopher, additional, Page, David, additional, Urba, Walter, additional, Fox, Bernard, additional, Bell, Bryan, additional, Patel, Ashish, additional, Olafsen, Tove, additional, Satpayev, Daulet, additional, Torgov, Michael, additional, Marchioni, Filippo, additional, Romero, Jason, additional, Jiang, Ziyue Karen, additional, Zamilpa, Charles, additional, Keppler, Jennifer S., additional, Mascioni, Alessandro, additional, Jia, Fang, additional, Lee, Chen-Yu, additional, Gudas, Jean, additional, Sullivan, Ryan J., additional, Hoshida, Yujin, additional, Logan, Theodore, additional, Khushalani, Nikhil, additional, Giobbie-Hurder, Anita, additional, Margolin, Kim, additional, Roder, Joanna, additional, Bhatt, Rupal, additional, Koon, Henry, additional, Olencki, Thomas, additional, Hutson, Thomas, additional, Curti, Brendan, additional, Blackmon, Shauna, additional, Mier, James W., additional, Puzanov, Igor, additional, Roder, Heinrich, additional, Stewart, John, additional, Amin, Asim, additional, Ernstoff, Marc S., additional, Clark, Joseph I., additional, Atkins, Michael B., additional, Kaufman, Howard L., additional, Sosman, Jeffrey, additional, Signoretti, Sabina, additional, McDermott, David F., additional, Anderson, Abraham A., additional, Milhem, Mohammed M., additional, Andtbacka, Robert H. I., additional, Minor, David, additional, Gorski, Kevin S., additional, Baker, Daniel M., additional, Hamid, Omid, additional, Akporiaye, Emmanuel, additional, Koguchi, Yoshinobu, additional, Sutcliffe, Kim, additional, Conder, Kristie, additional, Marron, Thomas, additional, Bhardwaj, Nina, additional, Hammerich, Linda, additional, George, Fiby, additional, Kim-Schulze, Seunghee, additional, Keler, Tibor, additional, Davis, Tom, additional, Crowley, Elizabeth, additional, Salazar, Andres, additional, Brody, Joshua, additional, Monjazeb, Arta, additional, Daly, Megan E., additional, Riess, Jonathan, additional, Li, Tianhong, additional, Murphy, William J., additional, Kelly, Karen, additional, Hu, Zhiwei, additional, Shen, Rulong, additional, Campbell, Amanda, additional, McMichael, Elizabeth, additional, Yu, Lianbo, additional, Ramaswam, Bhuvaneswari, additional, London, Cheryl A., additional, Xu, Tian, additional, Carson, William, additional, Kokolus, Kathleen M., additional, Repasky, Elizabeth A., additional, Schell, Todd D., additional, Drabick, Joseph D., additional, Messenheimer, David J., additional, Jensen, Shawn, additional, Rubinstein, Mark, additional, Andrijauskaite, Kristina, additional, Swiderska-syn, Marzena, additional, Lind, Kristin, additional, Choppin, Agnes, additional, Roell, Marina K., additional, Wrangle, John, additional, Rhode, Peter, additional, Wong, Hing, additional, Ahmad, Shamim, additional, Webb, Mason, additional, Abu-Eid, Rasha, additional, Shrimali, Rajeev, additional, Verma, Vivek, additional, Doroodchi, Atbin, additional, Berrong, Zuzana, additional, Yashar, David, additional, Samara, Raed, additional, Mkrtichyan, Mikayel, additional, Khleif, Samir, additional, Powell, Steven, additional, Gitau, Mark, additional, Sumey, Christopher, additional, Terrell, Andrew, additional, Lohr, Michele, additional, Nowak, Ryan K., additional, McGraw, Steven, additional, Jensen, Ash, additional, Blanchard, Miran, additional, Gold, Kathryn A., additional, Cohen, Ezra E. W., additional, Ellison, Christie, additional, Black, Lora, additional, Lee, John, additional, Spanos, William Chad, additional, Wennerberg, Erik, additional, Schwitzer, Emily, additional, Lhuillier, Claire, additional, Koelwyn, Graeme, additional, Hiner, Rebecca, additional, Jones, Lee, additional, Demaria, Sandra, additional, Amanda, Vandeveer, additional, Greiner, John W., additional, Schlom, Jeffrey, additional, Bookstaver, Michelle, additional, Jewell, Christopher M., additional, Gunderson, Andrew, additional, Boulmay, Brian, additional, Li, Rui, additional, Spieler, Bradley, additional, Happel, Kyle, additional, Feng, Zipei, additional, Dubay, Christopher, additional, Fisher, Brenda, additional, Aung, Sandra, additional, Mederos, Eileen, additional, Bifulco, Carlo B., additional, McNamara, Michael, additional, Bahjat, Keith, additional, Redmond, William, additional, Ochoa, Augusto, additional, Hu, Hong-Ming, additional, Mehta, Adi, additional, Lund-Johansen, Fridtjof, additional, Bedu-Addo, Frank, additional, Conn, Greg, additional, King, Michael, additional, Dutta, Panna, additional, Shepard, Robert, additional, Einstein, Mark, additional, Adams, Sylvia, additional, Wang, Ena, additional, Jin, Ping, additional, Novik, Yelena, additional, Morrison, Debra, additional, Oratz, Ruth, additional, Marincola, Franco M., additional, Stroncek, David, additional, Goldberg, Judith, additional, Formenti, Silvia C., additional, Galon, Jérôme, additional, Mlecnik, Bernhard, additional, Marliot, Florence, additional, Ou, Fang-Shu, additional, Lugli, Alessandro, additional, Zlobec, Inti, additional, Rau, Tilman T., additional, Nagtegaal, Iris D., additional, Vink-Borger, Elisa, additional, Hartmann, Arndt, additional, Geppert, Carol, additional, Roehrl, Michael H., additional, Bavi, Prashant, additional, Ohashi, Pamela S., additional, Wang, Julia Y., additional, Nguyen, Linh T., additional, Han, SeongJun, additional, MacGregor, Heather L., additional, Hafezi-Bakhtiari, Sara, additional, Wouters, Bradley G., additional, Kawakami, Yutaka, additional, Papivanova, Boryana, additional, Xu, Mingli, additional, Fujita, Tomonobu, additional, Hazama, Shoichi, additional, Suzuki, Nobuaki, additional, Nagano, Hiroaki, additional, Okuno, Kiyotaka, additional, Itoh, Kyogo, additional, Zavadova, Eva, additional, Vocka, Michal, additional, Spacek, Jan, additional, Petruzelka, Lubos, additional, Konopasek, Bohuslav, additional, Dundr, Pavel, additional, Skalova, Helena, additional, Torigoe, Toshihiko, additional, Sato, Noriyuki, additional, Furuhata, Tomohisa, additional, Takemasa, Ichiro, additional, Van den Eynde, Marc, additional, Jouret-Mourin, Anne, additional, Machiels, Jean-Pascal, additional, Fredriksen, Tessa, additional, Lafontaine, Lucie, additional, Buttard, Bénédicte, additional, Church, Sarah, additional, Maby, Pauline, additional, Angell, Helen, additional, Angelova, Mihaela, additional, Vasaturo, Angela, additional, Bindea, Gabriela, additional, Berger, Anne, additional, Lagorce, Christine, additional, Patel, Prabhu S., additional, Vora, Hemangini H., additional, Shah, Birva, additional, Patel, Jayendrakumar B., additional, Rajvik, Kruti N., additional, Pandya, Shashank J., additional, Shukla, Shilin N., additional, Wang, Yili, additional, Zhang, Guanjun, additional, Masucci, Giuseppe V., additional, Andersson, Emilia K., additional, Grizzi, Fabio, additional, Laghi, Luigi, additional, Botti, Gerardo, additional, Tatangelo, Fabiana, additional, Delrio, Paolo, additional, Cilberto, Gennaro, additional, Marincola, Franco, additional, Sargent, Daniel J., additional, Fox, Bernard A., additional, Algazi, Alain, additional, Tsai, Katy, additional, Rosenblum, Michael, additional, Nandoskar, Prachi, additional, Li, Amy, additional, Nonomura, John, additional, Takamura, Kathryn, additional, Dwyer, Mary, additional, Browning, Erica, additional, Talia, Reneta, additional, Twitty, Chris, additional, Gargosky, Sharron, additional, Campbell, Jean, additional, Le, Mai, additional, Pierce, Robert H., additional, Daud, Adil, additional, Gartrell, Robyn, additional, Marks, Douglas, additional, Stack, Edward, additional, Lu, Yan, additional, Izaki, Daisuke, additional, Beck, Kristen, additional, Jia, Dan Tong, additional, Armenta, Paul, additional, White-Stern, Ashley, additional, Fu, Yichun, additional, Blake, Zoe, additional, Taback, Bret, additional, Horst, Basil, additional, Saenger, Yvonne M., additional, Leonardo, Steven, additional, Gorden, Keith, additional, Fulton, Ross B., additional, Fraser, Kathryn, additional, Kangas, Takashi O., additional, Walsh, Richard, additional, Ertelt, Kathleen, additional, Graff, Jeremy, additional, Uhlik, Mark, additional, Sims, Jennifer S., additional, Lei, Liang, additional, Tsujiuchi, Takashi, additional, Bruce, Jeffrey N., additional, Canoll, Peter, additional, Tolcher, Anthony W, additional, Alley, Evan W, additional, Chichili, Gurunadh, additional, Canoll, Jan E, additional, Moore, Paul, additional, Bonvini, Ezio, additional, Johnson, Syd, additional, Shankar, Sadhna, additional, Vasselli, James, additional, Wigginton, Jon, additional, and Powderly, John, additional

Published
2016
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103. A Study of Cross Border Student in Hong Kong: The New Phenomenon of Cross Border Students which arise from Cross Border Birth

Author

Nancy and Leung, Ling Sze

Abstract

The number of cross-border student between Hong Kong and mainland China is increasing due to an increase of cross-border marriage between Hong Kong and mainland China. Since the education system is different to the mainland China, the statue Since all the children who have the right of abode in Hong Kong entitle to have free education in Hong Kong, many of the cross-border family prefer to send the children back to Hong Kong for their education.

Published
2012
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107. Teaching citizenship : the primary teachers' view from two districts of Hong Kong

Author

Leung Ling, TW

Subjects
Social and political changes, Citizenship education, Educational reforms, Primary teachers, “Good citizenship”
Abstract

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education. The literature shows that the teaching of civics and values evolved from religious, normative approach to rational/objective approach to the emphasis on character development. Development in teaching citizenship followed the ideology and social political changes of the surrounding society. Teachers’ views were found to be very important in the implementation of citizenship education. Hong Kong’s Government agreed that citizenship encompasses both self and collective realization (Lee 2001). Many initiatives and guidelines have been produced for moral and civic education since 1980. Budget cuts and teachers’ heavier burden to fulfill the requirements of educational reforms have made implementation difficult. The voice of the primary teachers was seldom heard. This research set out to identify the qualities which primary teachers in Hong Kong associated with “good citizenship”. Teachers were asked to prioritize the qualities of a good citizen, identify influences on the development of good citizens, and describe the development of their own citizenship and the teaching of such content in classrooms and throughout the school. Finally, teachers discussed suggestions for in-service training for teaching citizenship. A translated version of a citizenship survey, focus group and individual interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. This was an exploratory/interpretive research using quantitative and qualitative methods. By using stratified, random sampling procedures (in accordance to the major types of school sponsoring bodies in Hong Kong), the survey was sent to the full time teachers of 12 schools in two districts. 359 responses were collected, representing a 79% response rate. Correlation statistics and factor analysis procedures were used to analyse the quantitative data collected. The qualitative data collected explored the reasons behind the teachers’ choice. Focus groups and individual interviews results revealed the teachers’ view of content of citizenship that fit the students’ needs; best practices in school and classrooms; and types of training and resources needed in teaching citizenship education. The research findings showed primary teachers’ prioritizing on teaching skills, knowledge aspects of citizenship for students. Parents, teachers and friends were identified as influential in the development of citizenship. Teachers acknowledged the importance of helping students learn through processes or experience. Modelling and examples are important too. Results also showed that teachers from religious-based schools had stronger agreement in teaching of citizenship than did teachers from Government schools. Results were discussed, analyzed with reference to literature and previous research, and recommendations were made. The thesis concluded with suggestions for future research.

Published
2008

109. Methylphenidate and the Risk of Trauma

Author

Man, Kenneth K.C., primary, Chan, Esther W., additional, Coghill, David, additional, Douglas, Ian, additional, Ip, Patrick, additional, Leung, Ling-pong, additional, Tsui, Matthew S.H., additional, Wong, Wilfred H.S., additional, and Wong, Ian C.K., additional

Published
2015
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113. Effects of hormones, dietary carbonhydrate level and temperature on the expression of key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of silver sea bream (Sparus sarba).

Author

Leung, Ling Yan., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Life Sciences., Leung, Ling Yan., and Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Life Sciences.

Abstract

Leung Ling Yan., Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-259)., Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., also in Chinese., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074978, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Published
2009

115. AKT Signaling as a Novel Factor Associated with In Vitro Resistance of Human AML to Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin

Author

Rosen, David B., primary, Harrington, Kimberly H., additional, Cordeiro, James A., additional, Leung, Ling Y., additional, Putta, Santosh, additional, Lacayo, Norman, additional, Laszlo, George S., additional, Gudgeon, Chelsea J., additional, Hogge, Donna E., additional, Hawtin, Rachael E., additional, Cesano, Alessandra, additional, and Walter, Roland B., additional

Published
2013
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117. Stimulation of pentose phosphate pathway activity by salinity and dietary manipulations of silver sea bream, sparus sarba.

Author

Leung, Ling Yan., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology., Leung, Ling Yan., and Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology.

Abstract

Leung Ling Yan., Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-138)., s in English and Chinese., (English) --- p.ii, (Chinese) --- p.iv, Acknowledgements --- p.vi, List of Abbreviation --- p.vii, List of Figures and Tables --- p.viii, Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1, Chapter Chapter 2 --- The effect of salinity on pentose phosphate pathway activity and red blood cells resistance to oxidative stress in silver seabream (Sparus sarba) --- p.4, p.7, Chapter 2.1 --- Literature review --- p.8, Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.17, Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.32, Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.54, Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.63, Chapter Chapter 3 --- The effect of dietary carbohydrate level on pentose phosphate pathway activity and red blood cells resistance to oxidative stress in of silver seabream (Sparus sarba) --- p.65, p.67, Chapter 3.1 --- Literature review --- p.68, Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.77, Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.80, Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.101, Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.112, Chapter Chapter 4 --- Summary --- p.113, References --- p.117, http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892173, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Published
2004

119. CRA-026440: a potent, broad-spectrum, hydroxamic histone deacetylase inhibitor with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo

Author

Cao, Z. Alexander, primary, Bass, Kathryn E., additional, Balasubramanian, Sriram, additional, Liu, Liang, additional, Schultz, Brian, additional, Verner, Erik, additional, Dai, YuQin, additional, Molina, Rafael A., additional, Davis, Jack R., additional, Misialek, Shawn, additional, Sendzik, Martin, additional, Orr, Christine J., additional, Leung, Ling, additional, Callan, Ondine, additional, Young, Peter, additional, Dalrymple, Stacie A., additional, and Buggy, Joseph J., additional

Published
2006
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120. Optimization of Subsite Binding to the β5 Subunit of the Human 20S Proteasome Using Vinyl Sulfones and 2-Keto-1,3,4-oxadiazoles: Syntheses and Cellular Properties of Potent, Selective Proteasome Inhibitors

Author

Rydzewski, Robert M., primary, Burrill, Leland, additional, Mendonca, Rohan, additional, Palmer, James T., additional, Rice, Mark, additional, Tahilramani, Ram, additional, Bass, Kathryn E., additional, Leung, Ling, additional, Gjerstad, Erik, additional, Janc, James W., additional, and Pan, Lin, additional

Published
2006
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121. On-chip planar spiral inductor induced substrate effects on radio frequency integrated circuits in CMOS technology

Author

Pun, Alan Leung Ling and Pun, Alan Leung Ling

Abstract

Recently, we have witnessed an increasing interest in integrating inductors in analog RF ICs to attain higher integration and thus lower the production cost. Thanks to the great advances in the multi-layer metal processing and the higher frequency requirement, we have been able to integrate inductors of reasonable qualities. An unfortunate by-product that comes along with a higher integration is a higher susceptibility to interference, such interference is substrate noise. In this thesis, experimental data and simulation results for inductor-induced substrate effects on RF ICs in CMOS technology will be presented. A test chip has been fabricated in 0.8um CMOS n-well technology to study the inductor-induced noise with verification by a 3D simulation. A design example reveals that inductor-induced noise can be a major obstacle in RF circuit integration. Various schemes in reducing inductor-induced substrate effects were also investigated. Distance separation is found to be less effective in reducing noise in the epi process. The effectiveness of various guard rings configurations in reducing noise coupling were studied. The trade-off between noise coupling and self-inductance was addressed. Next, noise coupling from conventional and hollow inductors via the substrate to P+ diffusion with and without guard rings were examined. N-well substrate bias effects on inductor was also examined in this theis

Published
1998

123. A cluster of patients with rhabdomyolysis after eating crayfish

Author

Yang, Wen-Xuan, Fan, Kit-Ling, and Leung, Ling-Pong

Abstract

AbstractCrayfish or Procambarus clarkiiis a freshwater crustacean with worldwide distribution. Tons of crayfish are consumed each year. In this report, four adult patients with rhabdomyolysis after consuming crayfish were described. All of them presented to the emergency department with myalgia. The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was supported by an elevated creatine kinase level. All recovered with supportive treatment. The clinical picture of these 4 patients was compatible with Haff disease. Haff disease is a syndrome in which rhabdomyolysis develops subsequent to consumption of certain cooked seafood. Crayfish is a common culprit. Diagnosis depends on obtaining a diet history and creatine kinase level. Most patients recover uneventfully with supportive treatment for rhabdomyolysis.

Published
2018
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124. 2300 Door-to-antibiotic time on mortality of admitted sepsis patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Graham, Colin, Leung, Ling Yan, Huang, Hsi-Lan, Leung, Chi Yan, Lam, Cherry, Lo, Ronson, Yeung, Chun Yu, Tsoi, Peter, Brabrand, Mikkel, Walline, Joseph, and Hung, Kevin

Abstract

Aims and ObjectivesIn 2021, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines advised clinicians to administer antimicrobials within 1h and 3h to sepsis patients with and without shock respectively. We aim to evaluate whether the timing of antibiotic administration in admitted sepsis patients affects mortality.Method and DesignStudies published up to 19 May 2022 in PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane were included. Interventional and observational studies including adult human patients with suspected or confirmed sepsis and reported time of antibiotics administration with mortality were included. Risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data were extracted and summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. (PROSPERO: CRD42020137814).Results and ConclusionWe included 43 articles (190,974 patients). Pooled OR for mortality for patients who received antibiotics ≤1h was 0.85 (95%CI:0.68-1.07) comparing with patients who received antibiotics >1h. Reductions in the risk of death in patients with earlier antibiotic administration were observed in patients at 3h (OR:0.80, 95%CI:0.68-0.95) and 6h (OR:0.58, 95%CI:0.39-0.86). In subgroup analysis of sepsis patients with shock, pooled ORs for mortality at the time points of 1, 3 and 6h h for antibiotic administration were 0.95(0.73-1.22), 0.80(0.64-1.01) and 0.77(0.84-1.11) respectively. Among sepsis patients without shock, the pooled ORs for mortality at the time points of 1, 3 and 6h h for antibiotic administration were 1.05(0.66-1.68), 1.27(1.05-1.53) and 0.53(0.38-0.74) respectively. Our findings suggest reduced mortality in sepsis patients with administration of antibiotics within 3h for all sepsis patients. In addition, our results do not support the current recommendations to administer antibiotics within 1h and 3h to sepsis patients with and without shock respectively. However, with limited numbers of articles in our subgroup analysis, further studies investigating the timing of antibiotics on mortality in sepsis patients with/without shock are required.

Published
2023
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127. Optimization of Subsite Binding to the β5 Subunit of the Human 20S Proteasome Using Vinyl Sulfones and 2-Keto-1,3,4-oxadiazoles:  Syntheses and Cellular Properties of Potent, Selective Proteasome Inhibitors

Author

M. Rydzewski, Robert, Burrill, Leland, Mendonca, Rohan, T. Palmer, James, Rice, Mark, Tahilramani, Ram, E. Bass, Kathryn, Leung, Ling, Gjerstad, Erik, W. Janc, James, and Pan, Lin

Abstract

Beginning with the peptide sequence Cbz-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Leu found in PSI (3), a series of vinyl sulfones (VS) were synthesized for evaluation as inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome. Variations at the key P3 position confirmed the importance of a long side chain capped with a hydrophobic group for optimal potency, consistent with a model of binding to the S3 subsite. The tert-butyl glutamic ester initially used at P3 gave plasma unstable, insoluble compounds and was replaced with the better isostere, N-β-neopentyl asparagine. The inhibitors were shortened by replacing the N-terminal Cbz-isoleucine with a p-tosyl group without loss of potency. Small l-amino acids were used at P2, where d-substitution was not tolerated. The resulting optimized P4-P3-P2 sequence was grafted onto a novel proteasome inhibitor warhead, 2-keto-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (KOD), to produce reversible, subnanomolar proteasome inhibitors that were 1000-fold selective versus cathepsin B (CatB), cathepsin S (CatS), and trypsin-like as well as PGPH-like proteasome activity. A number of compounds in both the VS and the KOD series exhibited growth inhibitory effects against the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 at submicromolar concentrations.

Published
2006

128. Correction to: Understanding what matters most to patients in acute care in seven countries, using the flash mob study design.

Author

van den Ende, Eva S., Schouten, Bo, Kremers, Marjolein N. T., Cooksley, Tim, Subbe, Chris P., Weichert, Immo, van Galen, Louise S., Haak, Harm R., Kellett, John, Alsma, Jelmer, Siegrist, Victoria, Holland, Mark, Christensen, Erika F., Graham, Colin A., LEUNG, Ling Yan, Laugesen, Line E., Merten, Hanneke, Mir, Fraz, Kidney, Rachel M., and Brabrand, Mikkel

Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL design, PATIENT care, COUNTRIES, COMPREHENSION
Abstract

B Correction to: BMC Health Serv Res 21, 474 (2021) b B https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06459-4 b Following publication of the original article [[1]], the authors identified an error in the author name of Ling Yan LEUNG. The incorrect author name is: L. E. U. N. G. Ling Yan The correct author name is: Ling Yan LEUNG The author group has been updated above and the original article [[1]] has been corrected. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2021
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129. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): late breaking abstracts

Author

Althammer, Sonja, Steele, Keith, Rebelatto, Marlon, Tan, Tze Heng, Wiestler, Tobias, Schmidt, Guenter, Higgs, Brandon, Li, Xia, Shi, Li, Jin, Xiaoping, Antal, Joyce, Gupta, Ashok, Ranade, Koustubh, Binning, Gerd, Bellmunt, Joaquim, de Wit, Ronald, Vaughn, David J., Fradet, Yves, Lee, Jae Lyun, Fong, Lawrence, Vogelzang, Nicholas J., Climent, Miguel A., Petrylak, Daniel P., Choueiri, Toni K., Necchi, Andrea, Gerritsen, Winald, Gurney, Howard, Quinn, David I., Culine, Stéphane, Sternberg, Cora N., Mai, Yabing, Puhlmann, Markus, Perini, Rodolfo F., Bajorin, Dean F., Sharma, Padmanee, Callahan, Margaret K., Calvo, Emiliano, Kim, Joseph W., de Braud, Filipo, Ott, Patrick A., Bono, Petri, Pillai, Rathi N., Morse, Michael, Le, Dung T., Taylor, Matthew, Spilliopoulou, Pavlina, Bendell, Johanna, Jaeger, Dirk, Chan, Emily, Antonia, Scott J., Ascierto, Paolo A., Hennicken, Delphine, Tschaika, Marina, Azrilevich, Alex, Rosenberg, Jonathan, Levy, Ofer, Chan, Christopher, Cojocaru, Gady, Liang, Spencer, Ophir, Eran, Ganguly, Sudipto, Toporik, Amir, Kotturi, Maya, Kfir, Tal Fridman, Murter, Benjamin M., Logronio, Kathryn, Dassa, Liat, Leung, Ling, Greenwald, Shirley, Azulay, Meir, Kumar, Sandeep, Alteber, Zoya, Pan, Xiaoyu, Machlenkin, Arthur, Benita, Yair, Drake, Andrew W., Chajut, Ayelet, Salomon, Ran, Vankin, Ilan, Safyon, Einav, Hunter, John, Levine, Zurit, White, Mark, Leidner, Rom, Kang, Hyunseok, Haddad, Robert, Segal, Neil H., Wirth, Lori J., Ferris, Robert L., Hodi, F. Stephen, Sanborn, Rachel E., Gajewski, Thomas F., Sharfman, William, McDonald, Dan, Srivastava, Shivani, Gu, Xuemin, Phillips, Penny, Passey, Chaitali, Seiwert, Tanguy, Habtetsion, Tsadik, Zhou, Gang, Sakellariou-Thompson, Donastas, Haymaker, Cara, Creasy, Caitlin, Hurd, Mark, Uraoka, Naohiro, Canales, Jaime Rodriguez, Koptez, Scott, Hwu, Patrick, Maitra, Anirban, Bernatchez, Chantale, Coyle, Scott M., Roybel, Kole T., Rupp, Levi J., Santoro, Stephen P., Secrest, Stephanie, Spelman, Michael, Ho, Hanson, Gomes, Tina, Tse, Tiffany, Yung-Wu, Chia, Taunton, Jack, Lim, Wendell, Emtage, Peter, Moudgil, Tarsem, Ballesteros-Merino, Carmen, Hilton, Traci, Paustian, Christopher, Page, David, Urba, Walter, Fox, Bernard, Bell, Bryan, Patel, Ashish, Olafsen, Tove, Satpayev, Daulet, Torgov, Michael, Marchioni, Filippo, Romero, Jason, Jiang, Ziyue Karen, Zamilpa, Charles, Keppler, Jennifer S., Mascioni, Alessandro, Jia, Fang, Lee, Chen-Yu, Gudas, Jean, Sullivan, Ryan J., Hoshida, Yujin, Logan, Theodore, Khushalani, Nikhil, Giobbie-Hurder, Anita, Margolin, Kim, Roder, Joanna, Bhatt, Rupal, Koon, Henry, Olencki, Thomas, Hutson, Thomas, Curti, Brendan, Blackmon, Shauna, Mier, James W., Puzanov, Igor, Roder, Heinrich, Stewart, John, Amin, Asim, Ernstoff, Marc S., Clark, Joseph I., Atkins, Michael B., Kaufman, Howard L., Sosman, Jeffrey, Signoretti, Sabina, McDermott, David F., Anderson, Abraham A., Milhem, Mohammed M., Andtbacka, Robert H. I., Minor, David, Gorski, Kevin S., Baker, Daniel M., Hamid, Omid, Akporiaye, Emmanuel, Koguchi, Yoshinobu, Sutcliffe, Kim, Conder, Kristie, Marron, Thomas, Bhardwaj, Nina, Hammerich, Linda, George, Fiby, Kim-Schulze, Seunghee, Keler, Tibor, Davis, Tom, Crowley, Elizabeth, Salazar, Andres, Brody, Joshua, Monjazeb, Arta, Daly, Megan E., Riess, Jonathan, Li, Tianhong, Murphy, William J., Kelly, Karen, Hu, Zhiwei, Shen, Rulong, Campbell, Amanda, McMichael, Elizabeth, Yu, Lianbo, Ramaswam, Bhuvaneswari, London, Cheryl A., Xu, Tian, Carson, William, Kokolus, Kathleen M., Repasky, Elizabeth A., Schell, Todd D., Drabick, Joseph D., Messenheimer, David J., Jensen, Shawn, Rubinstein, Mark, Andrijauskaite, Kristina, Swiderska-syn, Marzena, Lind, Kristin, Choppin, Agnes, Roell, Marina K., Wrangle, John, Rhode, Peter, Wong, Hing, Ahmad, Shamim, Webb, Mason, Abu-Eid, Rasha, Shrimali, Rajeev, Verma, Vivek, Doroodchi, Atbin, Berrong, Zuzana, Yashar, David, Samara, Raed, Mkrtichyan, Mikayel, Khleif, Samir, Powell, Steven, Gitau, Mark, Sumey, Christopher, Terrell, Andrew, Lohr, Michele, Nowak, Ryan K., McGraw, Steven, Jensen, Ash, Blanchard, Miran, Gold, Kathryn A., Cohen, Ezra E. W., Ellison, Christie, Black, Lora, Lee, John, Spanos, William Chad, Wennerberg, Erik, Schwitzer, Emily, Lhuillier, Claire, Koelwyn, Graeme, Hiner, Rebecca, Jones, Lee, Demaria, Sandra, Amanda, Vandeveer, Greiner, John W., Schlom, Jeffrey, Bookstaver, Michelle, Jewell, Christopher M., Gunderson, Andrew, Boulmay, Brian, Li, Rui, Spieler, Bradley, Happel, Kyle, Feng, Zipei, Dubay, Christopher, Fisher, Brenda, Aung, Sandra, Mederos, Eileen, Bifulco, Carlo B., McNamara, Michael, Bahjat, Keith, Redmond, William, Ochoa, Augusto, Hu, Hong-Ming, Mehta, Adi, Lund-Johansen, Fridtjof, Bedu-Addo, Frank, Conn, Greg, King, Michael, Dutta, Panna, Shepard, Robert, Einstein, Mark, Adams, Sylvia, Wang, Ena, Jin, Ping, Novik, Yelena, Morrison, Debra, Oratz, Ruth, Marincola, Franco M., Stroncek, David, Goldberg, Judith, Formenti, Silvia C., Galon, Jérôme, Mlecnik, Bernhard, Marliot, Florence, Ou, Fang-Shu, Lugli, Alessandro, Zlobec, Inti, Rau, Tilman T., Nagtegaal, Iris D., Vink-Borger, Elisa, Hartmann, Arndt, Geppert, Carol, Roehrl, Michael H., Bavi, Prashant, Ohashi, Pamela S., Wang, Julia Y., Nguyen, Linh T., Han, SeongJun, MacGregor, Heather L., Hafezi-Bakhtiari, Sara, Wouters, Bradley G., Kawakami, Yutaka, Papivanova, Boryana, Xu, Mingli, Fujita, Tomonobu, Hazama, Shoichi, Suzuki, Nobuaki, Nagano, Hiroaki, Okuno, Kiyotaka, Itoh, Kyogo, Zavadova, Eva, Vocka, Michal, Spacek, Jan, Petruzelka, Lubos, Konopasek, Bohuslav, Dundr, Pavel, Skalova, Helena, Torigoe, Toshihiko, Sato, Noriyuki, Furuhata, Tomohisa, Takemasa, Ichiro, Van den Eynde, Marc, Jouret-Mourin, Anne, Machiels, Jean-Pascal, Fredriksen, Tessa, Lafontaine, Lucie, Buttard, Bénédicte, Church, Sarah, Maby, Pauline, Angell, Helen, Angelova, Mihaela, Vasaturo, Angela, Bindea, Gabriela, Berger, Anne, Lagorce, Christine, Patel, Prabhu S., Vora, Hemangini H., Shah, Birva, Patel, Jayendrakumar B., Rajvik, Kruti N., Pandya, Shashank J., Shukla, Shilin N., Wang, Yili, Zhang, Guanjun, Masucci, Giuseppe V., Andersson, Emilia K., Grizzi, Fabio, Laghi, Luigi, Botti, Gerardo, Tatangelo, Fabiana, Delrio, Paolo, Cilberto, Gennaro, Marincola, Franco, Sargent, Daniel J., Fox, Bernard A., Algazi, Alain, Tsai, Katy, Rosenblum, Michael, Nandoskar, Prachi, Li, Amy, Nonomura, John, Takamura, Kathryn, Dwyer, Mary, Browning, Erica, Talia, Reneta, Twitty, Chris, Gargosky, Sharron, Campbell, Jean, Le, Mai, Pierce, Robert H., Daud, Adil, Gartrell, Robyn, Marks, Douglas, Stack, Edward, Lu, Yan, Izaki, Daisuke, Beck, Kristen, Jia, Dan Tong, Armenta, Paul, White-Stern, Ashley, Fu, Yichun, Blake, Zoe, Taback, Bret, Horst, Basil, Saenger, Yvonne M., Leonardo, Steven, Gorden, Keith, Fulton, Ross B., Fraser, Kathryn, Kangas, Takashi O., Walsh, Richard, Ertelt, Kathleen, Graff, Jeremy, Uhlik, Mark, Sims, Jennifer S., Lei, Liang, Tsujiuchi, Takashi, Bruce, Jeffrey N., Canoll, Peter, Tolcher, Anthony W, Alley, Evan W, Chichili, Gurunadh, Canoll, Jan E, Moore, Paul, Bonvini, Ezio, Johnson, Syd, Shankar, Sadhna, Vasselli, James, Wigginton, Jon, and Powderly, John

Subjects
Meeting Abstracts
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130. CIRCULATING LEUCINE-RICH α-2-GLYCOPROTEIN glycoprotein 1 TO DETECT ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN

Author

Rainer, Timothy H, Leung, Ling Yan, Chan, Pui Yee Cangel, Leung, Yuk Ki, Lai, Bo San Paul, Cheung, Yue Sun, and Graham, Colin A

Abstract

Objectives & BackgroundCirculating leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) protein has been found in the plasma and urine of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) and may be useful for diagnosis. The present study aimed to investigate whether circulating LRGI mRNA levels also improve the early diagnosis of AA.MethodsA prospective study was conducted between December 2011 and October 2012 on patients presenting to the ED with acute abdominal pain (<7 days of symptom onset). AA was confirmed if there were histopathological findings of an inflammed or necrotic appendix in appendicectomy specimens. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze whole blood LRG1 mRNA level taken from these patients within 24 hours of arrival (mean 12.4 h). The primary outcome was AA.ResultsEighty-four consecutive patients (40 (47.6%) with AA and 44 (52.4%) without AA; mean age 35 years; 41.6% males) were recruited. Median whole blood LRG1 mRNA levels were higher in AA patients than in non-AA patients (2.2 (95% CI 1.3–2.6) vs 1.3 (95% CI 0.8–1.8)×105copies/ml, p=0.0122). Of 40 AA patients, 13 (32.5%) were diagnosed as complicated AA, and had median LRG mRNA level higher than in patients with simple AA (3.2 (95% CI 2.2–4.1) vs 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.5)×105 copies/ml, p=0.0479). At a LRG1 mRNA cutoff of 1.9×105 copies/ml, the optimal sensitivity and specificity were 57.5% and 72.7% respectively. At this cutoff, the odds ratio for AA was 3.6 (95% CI 1.5–9.0; p=0.0047).ConclusionWhole blood LRG1 mRNA levels may be useful to diagnose simple and complicated AA from other causes of abdominal pain.AcknowledgementThis research study was supported by a Direct Grant for Research from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (reference no.: 2041642) (HK$18000).

Published
2014
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132. PVRIG and PVRL2 Are Induced in Cancer and Inhibit CD8 + T-cell Function.

Author

Whelan S, Ophir E, Kotturi MF, Levy O, Ganguly S, Leung L, Vaknin I, Kumar S, Dassa L, Hansen K, Bernados D, Murter B, Soni A, Taube JM, Fader AN, Wang TL, Shih IM, White M, Pardoll DM, and Liang SC

Subjects
Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation immunology, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating immunology, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating metabolism, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating pathology, Mice, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms pathology, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor genetics, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor metabolism, Protein Binding, Receptors, Immunologic genetics, Receptors, Immunologic metabolism, Signal Transduction, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Nectins metabolism, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms metabolism, Receptors, Cell Surface metabolism
Abstract

Although checkpoint inhibitors that block CTLA-4 and PD-1 have improved cancer immunotherapies, targeting additional checkpoint receptors may be required to broaden patient response to immunotherapy. PVRIG is a coinhibitory receptor of the DNAM/TIGIT/CD96 nectin family that binds to PVRL2. We report that antagonism of PVRIG and TIGIT, but not CD96, increased CD8 + T-cell cytokine production and cytotoxic activity. The inhibitory effect of PVRL2 was mediated by PVRIG and not TIGIT, demonstrating that the PVRIG-PVRL2 pathway is a nonredundant signaling node. A combination of PVRIG blockade with TIGIT or PD-1 blockade further increased T-cell activation. In human tumors, PVRIG expression on T cells was increased relative to normal tissue and trended with TIGIT and PD-1 expression. Tumor cells coexpressing PVR and PVRL2 were observed in multiple tumor types, with highest coexpression in endometrial cancers. Tumor cells expressing either PVR or PVRL2 were also present in numbers that varied with the cancer type, with ovarian cancers having the highest percentage of PVR - PVRL2 + tumor cells and colorectal cancers having the highest percentage of PVR + PVRL2 - cells. To demonstrate a role of PVRIG and TIGIT on tumor-derived T cells, we examined the effect of PVRIG and TIGIT blockade on human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. For some donors, blockade of PVRIG increased T-cell function, an effect enhanced by combination with TIGIT or PD-1 blockade. In summary, we demonstrate that PVRIG and PVRL2 are expressed in human cancers and the PVRIG-PVRL2 and TIGIT-PVR pathways are nonredundant inhibitory signaling pathways. See related article on p. 244 ., (©2019 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Published
2019
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133. Short-Term Prognosis of Transient Ischemic Attack and Predictive Value of the ABCD(2) Score in Hong Kong Chinese.

Author

Chiu LH, Yau WH, Leung LP, Pang P, Tsui CT, Wan KA, Au TT, Fong WC, and Chung SH

Abstract

Background: Literature on prognosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) in Chinese is scarce. The short-term prognosis of TIA and the predictive value of the ABCD(2) score in Hong Kong Chinese patients attending the emergency department (ED) were studied to provide reference for TIA patient management in our ED., Methods: A cohort of TIA patients admitted through the ED to 13 acute public hospitals in 2006 was recruited through the centralized electronic database by the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HA). All inpatients were e-coded by the HA according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD9). Electronic records and hard copies were studied up to 90 days after a TIA. The stroke risk of a separate TIA cohort diagnosed by the ED was compared., Results: In the 1,000 recruited patients, the stroke risk after a TIA at days 2, 7, 30, and 90 was 0.2, 1.4, 2.9, and 4.4%, respectively. Antiplatelet agents were prescribed in 89%, warfarin in 6.9%, statin in 28.6%, antihypertensives in 39.3%, and antidiabetics in 11.9% of patients after hospitalization. Before the index TIA, the prescribed medications were 27.6, 3.7, 11.3, 27.1, and 9.7%, respectively. The accuracy of the ABCD(2) score in predicting stroke risk was 0.607 at 7 days, 0.607 at 30 days, and 0.574 at 90 days. At 30 days, the p for trend across ABCD(2) score levels was 0.038 (OR for every score point = 1.36, p = 0.040). Diabetes mellitus, previous stroke and carotid bruit were associated with stroke within 90 days (p = 0.038, 0.045, 0.030, respectively). A total of 45.4% of CTs of the brain showed lacunar infarcts or small vessel disease. There was an increased stroke risk at 90 days in patients with old or new infarcts on CT or MRI. Patients with carotid stenosis ≥70% had an increased stroke risk within 30 (OR = 6.335, p = 0.013) and 90 days (OR = 3.623, p = 0.050). Stroke risks at days 2, 7, 30, and 90 in the 289 TIA patients diagnosed by the ED were 0.35, 2.4, 5.2, and 6.2%, respectively., Conclusion: The short-term stroke risk in Hong Kong Chinese TIA patients is low. The administered nonurgent treatment cannot solely explain the favorable outcome, the lower risk can be due to the different pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke between Caucasians and Chinese. The predictive value of the ABCD(2) score is low in our population.

Published
2014
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134. Optimization of subsite binding to the beta5 subunit of the human 20S proteasome using vinyl sulfones and 2-keto-1,3,4-oxadiazoles: syntheses and cellular properties of potent, selective proteasome inhibitors.

Author

Rydzewski RM, Burrill L, Mendonca R, Palmer JT, Rice M, Tahilramani R, Bass KE, Leung L, Gjerstad E, Janc JW, and Pan L

Subjects
Animals, Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Cattle, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Drug Stability, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Models, Molecular, Oligopeptides chemistry, Oligopeptides pharmacology, Oxadiazoles chemistry, Oxadiazoles pharmacology, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex chemistry, Protein Subunits antagonists & inhibitors, Protein Subunits chemistry, Protein Subunits metabolism, Solubility, Structure-Activity Relationship, Sulfones chemistry, Sulfones pharmacology, Vinyl Compounds chemistry, Vinyl Compounds pharmacology, Oligopeptides chemical synthesis, Oxadiazoles chemical synthesis, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex metabolism, Proteasome Inhibitors, Sulfones chemical synthesis, Vinyl Compounds chemical synthesis
Abstract

Beginning with the peptide sequence Cbz-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Leu found in PSI (3), a series of vinyl sulfones (VS) were synthesized for evaluation as inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome. Variations at the key P3 position confirmed the importance of a long side chain capped with a hydrophobic group for optimal potency, consistent with a model of binding to the S3 subsite. The tert-butyl glutamic ester initially used at P3 gave plasma unstable, insoluble compounds and was replaced with the better isostere, N-beta-neopentyl asparagine. The inhibitors were shortened by replacing the N-terminal Cbz-isoleucine with a p-tosyl group without loss of potency. Small l-amino acids were used at P2, where d-substitution was not tolerated. The resulting optimized P4-P3-P2 sequence was grafted onto a novel proteasome inhibitor warhead, 2-keto-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (KOD), to produce reversible, subnanomolar proteasome inhibitors that were 1000-fold selective versus cathepsin B (CatB), cathepsin S (CatS), and trypsin-like as well as PGPH-like proteasome activity. A number of compounds in both the VS and the KOD series exhibited growth inhibitory effects against the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 at submicromolar concentrations.

Published
2006
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