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Introduction: Articular cartilage is an essential structure for joint weight-bearing and movement. If it is always under a specific mechanical stimulation, it will cause osteoarthritis (OA) and even involve the articular cartilage. Sports can affect articular cartilage thickness, cartilage surface morphology, and cartilage cell metabolism. Objective: This thesis studies the cell metabolism of knee cartilage tissue with exercises of different intensities. Methods: We divided 40 rats into four groups according to exercise intensity. The control group exercised freely, while the experimental group exercised with different intensities. After eight weeks of exercise, we extracted the knee joint cartilage to observe its cell metabolism. Results: We found that the cartilage surface of the rats was complete after exercise, and the thickness of the cartilage layer was significantly greater than that of rats without exercise. Conclusion: Exercises of different intensities have different effects on the metabolism of cartilage cells in the knee joint of rats. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results. RESUMO Introdução: A cartilagem articular é uma estrutura essencial para o suporte de peso e movimento de juntas. Quando a articulação está constantemente sob estímulos mecânicos específicos, a osteoartrite (OA) pode resultar, envolvendo inclusive a cartilagem articular. O esporte pode afetar a espessura da cartilagem articular, a morfologia da superfície da cartilagem e o metabolismo celular da cartilagem. Objetivo: Este estudo analisa o metabolismo celular do tecido cartilaginoso do joelho com exercícios de diferentes intensidades. Métodos: Dividimos 40 ratos em quatro grupos de acordo com a intensidade do exercício. O grupo de controle praticou exercícios livremente, enquanto o grupo experimental exercitou com diferentes intensidades. Após oito semanas de exercícios, extraímos a cartilagem da junta do joelho para observar seu metabolismo celular. Resultados: Descobrimos que a superfície cartilaginosa dos ratos se desenvolveu após o exercício, e que a espessura da camada de cartilagem aumentou muito mais do que aquela dos ratos sem exercício. Conclusão: Exercícios de diferentes intensidades tem diferentes efeitos no metabolismo de células cartilaginosas nas juntas de joelhos de ratos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento. Resumen Introducción: El cartílago articular es una estructura esencial para el soporte de peso y movimientos de articulaciones. Cuando la articulación está constantemente bajo estímulos mecánicos específicos, puede causar la osteoartritis (OA) e incluso involucrar el cartílago articular. El deporte puede afectar el espesor del cartílago articular, la morfología de la superficie del cartílago y el metabolismo celular del cartílago. Objetivo: Este estudio analiza el metabolismo celular del tejido cartilaginoso de la rodilla con ejercicios de diferentes intensidades. Métodos: Dividimos 40 ratones en cuatro grupos de acuerdo a la intensidad del ejercicio. El grupo de control practicó ejercicios libremente, mientras el grupo experimental ejercitó con diferentes intensidades. Tras ocho semanas de ejercicios, extraemos el cartílago de la articulación de la rodilla para observar su metabolismo celular. Resultados: Descubrimos que la superficie cartilaginosa de los ratones se desarrolló tras el ejercicio, y que el espesor de la camada de cartílago aumentó mucho más que aquella de los ratones sin ejercicio. Conclusiones: Ejercicios de distintas intensidades tienen diferentes efectos en el metabolismo de células cartilaginosas en las articulaciones de rodillas de ratones. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

This article presents an additive-state-decomposition-based repetitive control (RC) method for a class of nonlinear systems with nonintegral-chain form and multiple mismatched disturbances. The key idea of this method is to decompose the original tracking problem for an uncertain nonlinear system into two tractable subproblems, namely RC problem for a primary linear time-invariant (LTI) periodic system and robust stabilization problem for a nonlinear secondary system. By taking the equivalent total effect of the multiple disturbances as one matched total disturbance, an improved linear extended state observer (ILESO) is constructed to estimate and compensate for the adverse effect of the multiple disturbances. The method has three significant features: First, it builds a bridge between the existing RC methods for LTI systems and nonlinear systems and, thus, broadens the application scope of RC; second, besides the known information of the model being used to the design of ILESO, the periodic nonlinearity in the plant is extracted to be treated by RC, which enhances both the transient and steady-state performances; and third, the ILESO-based control scheme and the RC law are designed separately, which is flexible for system design. The stability criterion and design procedure are presented in detail. Finally, numerical and experimental results illustrate the validity and superiorities of the method.

Ovarian cancer is among the most common malignant tumors in gynecology and is characterized by insidious onset, poor differentiation, high malignancy, and a high recurrence rate. Numerous studies have shown that poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors can improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer. With the widespread use of BRCA mutation and PARP inhibitor (PARPi) combination therapy, the side effects associated with BRCA mutation and PARPi have garnered attention worldwide. Mutations in the BRCA gene increase KEAP1-NRF2 ubiquitination and reduce Nrf2 content and cellular antioxidant capacity, which subsequently produces side effects such as cardiovascular endothelial damage and atherosclerosis. PARPi has hematologic toxicity, producing thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. These side effects not only reduce patients’ quality of life, but also affect their survival. Studies have shown that natural phytochemicals, a class of compounds with antitumor potential, can effectively prevent and treat the side effects of chemotherapy. Herein, we reviewed the role of natural phytochemicals in disease prevention and treatment in recent years, including sulforaphane, lycopene, catechin, and curcumin, and found that these phytochemicals have significant alleviating effects on atherosclerosis, nausea, and vomiting. Moreover, these mechanisms of action significantly correlated with the side-effect-producing mechanisms of BRCA mutations and PARPi. In conclusion, natural phytochemicals may be effective in alleviating the side effects of BRCA mutant ovarian cancer cells and PARP inhibitors.

Introduction/Aims The development and persistence of neurological symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is referred to as “long‐haul” syndrome. We aimed to determine whether small fiber neuropathy (SFN) was associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical features and outcomes of patients who were referred to us between May 2020 and May 2021 for painful paresthesia and numbness that developed during or after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and who had nerve conduction studies showing no evidence of a large fiber polyneuropathy. Results We identified 13 patients, Eight women and five men with age ranging from 38–67 y. Follow‐up duration ranged from 8 to 12 mo. All patients developed new‐onset paresthesias within 2 mo following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with an acute onset in seven and co‐existing autonomic symptoms in seven. Three patients had pre‐existing but controlled neuropathy risk factors. Skin biopsy confirmed SFN in six, all of whom showed both neuropathy symptoms and signs, and two also showed autonomic dysfunction by autonomic function testing (AFT). Of the remaining seven patients who had normal skin biopsies, six showed no clinical neuropathy signs and one exhibited signs and had abnormal AFT. Two patients with markedly reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber densities and one with normal skin biopsy had severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); the remainder experienced mild COVID‐19 symptoms. Nine patients received symptomatic neuropathy treatment with paresthesias controlled in seven (77.8%). Discussion Our findings suggest that symptoms of SFN may develop during or shortly after COVID‐19. SFN may underlie the paresthesias associated with long‐haul post‐COVID‐19 symptoms.

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly identified protein translational modification and is involved in major biological processes including glycolysis, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unknown. Here, we found that the Kcr of α enolase (ENO1) was significantly elevated in human CRC tissues compared with the paratumoral tissues. CREB-binding protein (CBP) functioned as a crotonyltranferase of ENO1, and SIRT2 was involved in the decrotonylation of ENO1. Using quantitative mass spectrometry for crotonylomics analysis, we further found that K420 was the main Kcr site of ENO1 and ENO1 K420 Kcr promoted the growth, migration, and invasion of CRC cells in vitro by enhancing the activity of ENO1 and regulating the expression of tumor-associated genes. Our study reveals an important mechanism by which ENO1 regulates CRC through crotonylation.

The oxygen reduction electrocatalysis is a key reaction for energy technologies such as fuel cells and air breathing batteries for which development of stable and efficient electrocatalysts remains a substantial challenge, especially when excluding precious metals. Multi-component metal oxides are complex materials that offer opportunities for catalyst development and challenges for prediction of optimal compositions. We use high throughput synthesis and electrochemistry to explore metal oxide electrocatalysts containing 1 to 4 of the elements Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Y, In, and La. Mining the resulting dataset of 7798 unique metal oxide compositions guides additional activity and stability experiments that reveal multiple avenues for further catalyst development based on (i) stabilization of Mn through incorporation in Mn-Ni–Fe oxides, (ii) discovery of Ni–Fe-La oxide electrocatalysts with excellent stability, and (iii) discovery of Mn-Ni–Fe-La oxide electrocatalysts that optimize activity while retaining excellent operational stability.

Oroxylum indicum is one of the valuable Dai pharmaceuticals; the dry seeds and bark of O. indicum were used to treat acute cough, sore throat and so on. Of the seven compounds from O. indicum were determined and obtained using the bioassay-guided method. Among them, compound 7 was obtained from the plant for the first time. Eight bacterial strains and one yeast fungi were exposed to the compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) or minimum fungicidal concentrations were determined according to the standard broth microdilution method. Baicalein (2) exhibited relative strong antibacterial activities with MIC of 8 μg ml-1 and MBC of 16 μg ml-1 against three MRSA strains of Staphylococcus aureus of SCCmec III type, whereas flavonoids 3, 5 and 7 showed some degree of activities against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA, ATCC 25923). The findings may offer new evidence that why O. indicum was used widely in Dai peoples' life.

Boundary conditions for catalyst performance in the conversion of common precursors such as N2, O2, H2O, and CO2 are governed by linear free energy and scaling relationships. Knowledge of these limits offers an impetus for designing strategies to alter reaction mechanisms to improve performance. Typically, experimental demonstrations of linear trends and deviations from them are composed of a small number of data points constrained by inherent experimental limitations. Herein, high-throughput experimentation on 14 bulk copper bimetallic alloys allowed for data-driven identification of a scaling relationship between the partial current densities of methane and C2+ products. This strict dependence represents an intrinsic limit to the Faradaic efficiency for C–C coupling. We have furthermore demonstrated that coating the electrodes with a molecular film breaks the scaling relationship to promote C2+ product formation., High-throughput experimentation on the reduction of CO2 on copper alloys led to the identification of a scaling relationship between CH4 and C2+ products that can be broken with an organic additive.

It is generally believed that the interaction between acid precipitation and asphalt has an effect on the performance of drainage asphalt pavement, but studies on the interface behavior characteristics from microscopic analysis are rare. Therefore, molecular dynamics (MD) was used to simulate the interfacial transition zone of precipitation (neutral and acid) and asphalt in the study, and the interfacial behavior characteristics of precipitation on asphalt surface were microscopically analyzed. Additionally, the composition of acid precipitation was configured in the laboratory, and the contact angles of precipitation solutions (SO42− and NO3−) on asphalt surface also verified the interface behavior characteristics between acid precipitation and asphalt. The results showed that the interaction of acid precipitation and asphalt is stronger than that of neutral precipitation, which makes it more difficult to remove from the surface of drainage asphalt pavement. With the increase of service temperature for drainage asphalt pavement, the interaction energy increases. Under the coupling effect of acid precipitation and low service temperature, water damage to the drainage asphalt pavement is more easily induced. The results revealed the micro-effect of acid precipitation and service temperature on drainage efficiency of an asphalt surface, which has certain theoretical significance and practical value for the application and exploration of drainage asphalt pavement. HIGHLIGHTS Interaction energy between acid precipitation and asphalt is stronger.; As the service temperature rises, the interface behavior of precipitation on an asphalt surface becomes more visibly active.; The coupling of acid precipitation and low temperature will further increase the influence of drainage asphalt pavement.; Acid precipitation has a smaller contact angle, that is, better wettability.

Crystal-structure phase mapping is a core, long-standing challenge in materials science that requires identifying crystal phases, or mixtures thereof, in X-ray diffraction measurements of synthesized materials. Phase mapping algorithms have been developed that excel at solving systems with up to several unique phase mixtures, where each phase has a readily distinguishable diffraction pattern. However, phase mapping is often beyond materials scientists’ capabilities and also poses challenges to state-of-the-art algorithms due to complexities such as the existence of dozens of phase mixtures, alloy-dependent variation in the diffraction patterns and multiple compositional degrees of freedom, creating a major bottleneck in high-throughput materials discovery. Here we show how to automate crystal-structure phase mapping. We formulate phase mapping as an unsupervised pattern demixing problem and describe how to solve it using deep reasoning networks (DRNets). DRNets combine deep learning with constraint reasoning for incorporating prior scientific knowledge and consequently require only a modest amount of (unlabelled) data. DRNets compensate for the limited data by exploiting and magnifying the rich prior knowledge about the thermodynamic rules governing the mixtures of crystals. DRNets are designed with an interpretable latent space for encoding prior-knowledge domain constraints and seamlessly integrate constraint reasoning into neural network optimization. DRNets surpass previous approaches on crystal-structure phase mapping, unravelling the Bi–Cu–V oxide phase diagram and aiding the discovery of solar fuels materials. Incorporating prior knowledge in deep learning models can overcome the difficulties of supervised learning, including the need for large amounts of annotated data. An approach in this area called deep reasoning networks is applied to the complex task of mapping crystal structures from X-ray diffraction data for multi-element oxide structures, and identified 13 phases from 307 X-ray diffraction patterns in the previously unsolved Bi-Cu-V oxide system.

In the search for photoanode materials with band gaps suitable for utilization in solar fuel generation, approximately 1.2–2.8 eV, theory-guided experiments have identified a variety of materials that meet the band gap requirements and exhibit operational stability in harsh photoelectrochemical environments. In particular, M-V-O compounds (M is a transition metal or main group element) with VO₄ structural motifs were predicted to show a remarkably wide range of band energetics (>3 eV variation in the energy of valence band maximum) and characteristics, depending on the M and crystal structure, which is beyond the extent of electronic structured tuning observed in previously studied families of metal oxide photoanodes. While this finding guided experimental discovery of new photoanode materials, explicit experimental verification of the theoretical prediction of the tunable electronic structure of these materials has been lacking to date. In this study, we use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe microscopy to experimentally investigate the electronic structure of M-V-O photoanodes, enabling comparison to theory on a common absolute energy scale. The results confirm the prediction that band edge energies of ternary vanadates vary significantly with metal cations. The valence band variation of approximately 1 eV observed here is larger than that reported in any analogous class of metal oxide semiconductors and demonstrates the promise of tuning the metal oxide electronic structure to enable efficient photoelectrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction and beyond. Because midgap states can hamper realization of the high photovoltage sought by band edge tuning, we analyze the electronic contributions of oxygen vacancies for the representative photoanode V₄Cr₂O₁₃ to guide future research on the development of high-efficiency metal oxide photoanodes for solar fuel technology.

The photoreforming of lignocellulose is a novel method to produce clean and sustainable H2 energy. However, the catalytic systems usually show low activity under ultraviolet light; thus, this reaction is very limited at present. Visible light-responsive metal-free two-dimensional graphite-phased carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a good candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but its activity is hindered by a bulky architecture. Although reported layered g-C3N4 modified with active functional groups prepared by the chemical exfoliation enhances the photocatalytic activity, it lost the intrinsic structure and thus is not conducive to understand the structure-activity relationship. Herein, we report an intrinsic monolayer g-C3N4 (∼0.32 nm thickness) prepared by nitrogen-protected ball milling in water, which shows good performance of photoreforming lignocellulose to H2 driven by visible light. The exciton binding energy of g-C3N4 was estimated from the temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra, which is a key factor for subsequent charge separation and energy transfer. It is found that monolayer g-C3N4 with smaller exciton binding energy increases the free exciton concentrations and promotes the separation efficiency of charge carriers, thereby effectively improving its performance of photocatalytic reforming of lignocellulose, even the virgin lignocellulose and waste lignocellulose. This result could lead to more active catalysts to photoreform the raw biomass, making it possible to provide clean energy directly from locally unused biomass.

Background Measurement of knee laxity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is crucial for appropriate treatment and rehabilitation decision-making. This study examined the potential of a new digital arthrometer (Ligs, Innomotion, Shanghai, China) to quantify anterior tibial translation (ATT) in patients with ACL injuries and in healthy subjects. Methods A total of 60 participants included 30 subjects with single-leg ACL injuries and 30 healthy subjects included as controls. The lower leg was immobilized and a thrust under a dynamic load of 0–150 N was gradually applied posteriorly, with continuous displacement recorded. ATT and side-to-side differences (SSD) between the control and ACL injury groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Ligs. Results The interrater ICC was 0.909 and the intrarater ICC was 0.943. Significant differences in the SSD were observed between the control and ACL injury groups (for all P

Innovation is the inherent requirement of the ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and it is an inevitable choice for ideological and political education to effectively respond to changes in external time and space conditions. Under the premise of the comprehensive coverage of the Internet and the gradual strengthening of the information construction in colleges and universities, all kinds of trace information, such as the teaching behavior of educators, the scope of the education process, the behavior characteristics and the state of mind reflected by educators. This paper gives the novel ideas under the discussions on the Marxist theory, in the future, we will consider the different applications.

NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis has been implicated in liver fibrosis progression. However, the definite intrahepatic cell types that undergo pyroptosis and the underlying mechanism as well as the clinical importance remain unclear. Here, augmented levels of pyroptosis-related indicators GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 were verified in both liver fibrosis patients and CCl4-induced fibrotic mouse model. Confocal imaging of NLRP3 with albumin, F4/80 or α-SMA revealed that enhanced NLRP3 was mainly localized to kupffer cells (KCs), indicating that KCs are major cell types that undergo pyroptosis. Targeting pyroptosis by inhibitor MCC950 attenuated the severity and ameliorated liver function in fibrosis models. In addition, elevated S100A8 in liver fibrosis patients was correlated with pyroptosis-related indicators. S100A8 stimulated pyroptotic death of macrophages, which resulted in activation of human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 cells and increased collagen deposition. Mechanistically, S100A8 activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling and upregulated its target genes NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, and pro-IL-18 expression, and induced reactive oxygen (ROS) abundance to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, finally leading to pyroptotic cell death in macrophages. More importantly, circulating GSDMD had the optimal predicting value for liver fibrosis progression. In conclusion, S100A8-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis by TLR4/NF-κB activation and ROS production in macrophages facilitates liver fibrosis progression. The identified GSDMD has the potential to be a biomarker for liver fibrosis evaluation.

Metal oxide solar absorbers are well suited for photoelectrochemical applications where requisite properties include stability in highly oxidizing environments, in addition to solar energy conversion. Metal vanadates are of particular interest due to their relatively low band gap energies compared to traditional, wide-gap photocatalysts. Concerted efforts on BiVO4-based photoanodes have revealed multiple avenues for improving the solar conversion efficiencies for photon energies above 2.5 eV but have not addressed the ultimate performance limitations from the undesirably high band gap energy. Fe and Cr vanadates have a lower band gap and thus a higher potential solar conversion efficiency, although to-date the absorbed 2–2.5 eV photons are not effectively converted to the desired anodic photocurrent. By using combinatorial synthesis and high throughput screening, we demonstrate that cation substitutions with the monoclinic MVO4 phase (M = Cr, Fe) improves the utilization of photons in this energy range. Given the portfolio of photoanode improvement techniques available, we suggest optimization of (Cr0.5Fe0.5)VO4-based photoanodes as a promising path for enable solar fuel technologies.

Background: In the STEP trial (Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in older Hypertensive Patients), the risk of cardiovascular events is significantly lower in patients who received intensive systolic blood psressure (BP) treatment than in those who received standard treatment. This study compared the lifetime health benefits and medical costs of intensive BP treatment with those of standard BP treatment. Methods: A microsimulation model included 10 000 hypothetical samples of Chinese adults aged 60 to 80 years old with baseline systolic BP higher than 140 mm Hg. Primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio from a payer’s perspective. Secondary outcome was cardiovascular events, including acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute decompensated heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and death from cardiovascular causes. Results: The model simulated that cardiovascular events occurred in 36.88% of the patients in the intensive treatment group, as compared to 41.28% of the patients in the standard treatment group over the lifetime horizon. The mean number of quality-adjusted life-years would be 0.16 higher in patients who received intensive treatment than in those who received standard treatment and would cost Chinese yuan 12 614 (International dollars 3018) more per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Most simulation results indicated that intensive treatment would be cost-effective (82%–95% below the willingness-to-pay threshold of Chinese yuan 72 000 [1× the gross domestic product per capita in China in 2020]). Sensitivity analyses showed that these conclusions were robust. Conclusions: In this study, intensive BP treatment prevented cardiovascular events among older patients with hypertension in China and was cost-effective in most scenarios. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03015311

The interactions between quercetin and bovine (or human) hemoglobin (Hb) were systematically investigated by fluorescence, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and molecular docking to demonstrate the structural mechanism by which quercetin affected the Hb redox state and stability. Quercetin could interact with the central cavity of the Hb molecule with one binding site to generate an Hb-quercetin complex, and the hydrophobic interaction played an important role in the formation of the complex. The binding constant for the Hb-quercetin complex at 298 K was observed to be 1.25 × 10

Members of the HEPT class are potential non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Our previously disclosed one representative HEPT analog 2 produced potent inhibitory activity against wild-type HIV-1 (EC

Background: There are currently no well-established criteria to guide return to sports (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). In this study, a new test battery consisting of subjective and objective tests, especially multiplanar knee kinematics assessment, was developed to aid RTS decision making after ACLR.Methods: This study was conducted with 30 patients who were assessed a mean of 9.2 ± 0.5 months after ACLR. All patients underwent complete evaluations of both lower limbs with four objective assessments [isokinetic, hop, knee laxity, and 6–degree of freedom (6DOF, angle: flexion-extension, varus-valgus, internal-external rotation; translation: anteroposterior, proximodistal, mediolateral) knee kinematics tests] and two subjective assessments [International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) questionnaires]. Limb symmetry indices (LSIs) of knee strength, hop distance, and range of motion (ROM) of knee kinematics were calculated. LSI ≥90%, IKDC scale score within the 15th percentile for healthy adults, and ACL-RSI score >56 were defined as RTS criteria.Results: Significant differences between affected and contralateral knees were observed in the quadriceps strength (p < 0.001), hamstring strength (p = 0.001), single hop distance (p < 0.001), triple hop distance (p < 0.001), and rotational ROM (p = 0.01). Only four patients fulfilled the overall RTS criteria. The percentages of patients fulfilling individual criteria were: quadriceps strength, 40%; hamstring strength, 40%; single hop distance, 30%; triple hop distance, 36.7%; knee ligament laxity, 80%; flexion-extension, 23.3%; varus-valgus rotation, 20%; internal-external rotation, 66.7%; anteroposterior translation, 20%; proximodistal translation, 33.3%; mediolateral translation, 26.7%; IKDC scale score, 53.3%; and ACL-RSI score, 33.3%.Conclusion: At an average of 9 months after ACLR, objectively and subjectively measured knee functional performance was generally unsatisfactory especially the recovery of knee kinematics, which is an important prerequisite for RTS.