142 results on '"Kreuzer, Michaela"'
Search Results
102. RADON AND THE RISK OF CANCER MORTALITY—INTERNAL POISSON MODELS FOR THE GERMAN URANIUM MINERS COHORT
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Walsh, Linda, primary, Dufey, Florian, additional, Tschense, Annemarie, additional, Schnelzer, Maria, additional, Grosche, Bernd, additional, and Kreuzer, Michaela, additional
- Published
- 2010
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103. ACCOUNTING FOR SMOKING IN THE RADON-RELATED LUNG CANCER RISK AMONG GERMAN URANIUM MINERS: RESULTS OF A NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDY
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Schnelzer, Maria, primary, Hammer, Gaël P., additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Tschense, Annemarie, additional, and Grosche, Bernd, additional
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- 2010
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104. Assessment of mRNA and microRNA Stabilization in Peripheral Human Blood for Multicenter Studies and Biobanks
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Weber, Daniel Gilbert, primary, Casjens, Swaantje, additional, Rozynek, Peter, additional, Lehnert, Martin, additional, Zilch-Schöneweis, Sandra, additional, Bryk, Oleksandr, additional, Taeger, Dirk, additional, Gomolka, Maria, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Otten, Heinz, additional, Pesch, Beate, additional, Johnen, Georg, additional, and Brüning, Thomas, additional
- Published
- 2010
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- View/download PDF
105. Radon and risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular diseases in the German uranium miners cohort study: follow-up 1946–2003
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Kreuzer, Michaela, primary, Grosche, B., additional, Schnelzer, M., additional, Tschense, A., additional, Dufey, F., additional, and Walsh, L., additional
- Published
- 2009
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106. LUNG CANCER RISK AMONG FORMER URANIUM MINERS OF THE WISMUT COMPANY IN GERMANY
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Br??ske-Hohlfeld, Irene, primary, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, additional, W??lke, Gabriele, additional, Heinrich, Joachim, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Kreienbrock, Lothar, additional, and Wichmann, H -Erich, additional
- Published
- 2006
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- View/download PDF
107. INCREASED LUNG CANCER RISK DUE TO RESIDENTIAL RADON IN A POOLED AND EXTENDED ANALYSIS OF STUDIES IN GERMANY
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Wichmann, H Erich, primary, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, additional, Heid, Iris M., additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Heinrich, Joachim, additional, and Kreienbrock, Lothar, additional
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- 2005
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108. Secondhand smoke exposure in adulthood and risk of lung cancer among never smokers: A pooled analysis of two large studies
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Brennan, Paul, primary, Buffler, Patricia A., additional, Reynolds, Peggy, additional, Wu, Anna H., additional, Wichmann, H. Erich, additional, Agudo, Antonio, additional, Pershagen, Göran, additional, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, additional, Benhamou, Simone, additional, Greenberg, Raymond S., additional, Merletti, Franco, additional, Winck, Carlos, additional, Fontham, Elizabeth T.H., additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Darby, Sarah C., additional, Forastiere, Francesco, additional, Simonato, Lorenzo, additional, and Boffetta, Paolo, additional
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- 2003
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109. Risk factors for lung cancer among nonsmoking women
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Kreuzer, Michaela, primary, Heinrich, Joachim, additional, Kreienbrock, Lothar, additional, Schaffrath Rosario, Angelika, additional, Gerken, Michael, additional, and Wichmann, H. Erich, additional
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- 2002
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110. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GERMAN URANIUM MINERS COHORT STUDY
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Kreuzer, Michaela, primary, Brachner, Annemarie, additional, Lehmann, Frank, additional, Martignoni, Klaus, additional, Wichmann, H.-Erich, additional, and Grosche, Bernd, additional
- Published
- 2002
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111. Domestic radon and lung cancer—current status including new evidence from Germany
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Wichmann, H.-Erich, primary, Heinrich, Joachim, additional, Gerken, Michael, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Wellmann, Jürgen, additional, Keller, Gert, additional, and Kreienbrock, Lothar, additional
- Published
- 2002
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112. Risk of lung cancer from tobacco smoking among young women from Europe
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Boffetta, Paolo, primary, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Benhamou, Simone, additional, Agudo, Antonio, additional, Wichmann, H. Erich, additional, Gaborieau, Valerie, additional, Simonato, Lorenzo, additional, and Boffetta, Paolo, additional
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- 2001
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113. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in Europe: An update of risk estimates and an assessment of inter-country heterogeneity
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Simonato, Lorenzo, primary, Agudo, Antonio, additional, Ahrens, Wolfgang, additional, Benhamou, Ellen, additional, Benhamou, Simone, additional, Boffetta, Paolo, additional, Brennan, Paul, additional, Darby, Sarah C., additional, Forastiere, Francesco, additional, Fortes, Cristina, additional, Gaborieau, Val�rie, additional, Gerken, Michael, additional, Gonzales, Carlos A., additional, J�ckel, Karl-Heinz, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Merletti, Franco, additional, Nyberg, Fredrik, additional, Pershagen, G�ran, additional, Pohlabeln, Hermann, additional, R�sch, Franz, additional, Whitley, Elise, additional, Wichmann, Heinz-Erich, additional, and Zambon, Paola, additional
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- 2001
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114. Lung cancer and exposure to man-made vitreous fibers: Results from a pooled case-control study in Germany
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Pohlabeln, Hermann, primary, J�ckel, Karl-Heinz, additional, Br�ske-Hohlfeld, Irene, additional, M�hner, Matthias, additional, Ahrens, Wolfgang, additional, Bolm-Audorff, Ulrich, additional, Arhelger, Rolf, additional, R�mer, Wolfgang, additional, Kreienbrock, Lothar, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Jahn, Ingeborg, additional, and Wichmann, Heinz-Erich, additional
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- 2000
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115. MODELS FOR RETROSPECTIVE QUANTIFICATION OF INDOOR RADON EXPOSURE IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
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Gerken, Michael, primary, Kreienbrock, Lothar, additional, Wellmann, Jürgen, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, and Wichmann, H. Erich, additional
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- 2000
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116. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in women: A multicenter case-control study in Europe
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Agudo, Antonio, primary, Ahrens, Wolfgang, additional, Benhamou, Ellen, additional, Benhamou, Simone, additional, Boffetta, Paolo, additional, Darby, Sarah C., additional, Forastiere, Francesco, additional, Fortes, Cristina, additional, Gaborieau, Val�rie, additional, Gonz�lez, Carlos A., additional, J�ckel, Karl-Heinz, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Merletti, Franco, additional, Pohlabeln, Hermann, additional, Richiardi, Lorenzo, additional, Whitley, Elise, additional, Wichmann, Heinz-Erich, additional, Zambon, Paola, additional, and Simonato, Lorenzo, additional
- Published
- 2000
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117. Risk of lung cancer from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from cigars, cigarillos and pipes
- Author
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Boffetta, Paolo, primary, Nyberg, Fredrik, additional, Agudo, Antonio, additional, Benhamou, Ellen, additional, Jockel, Karl-Heinz, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Merletti, Franco, additional, Pershagen, G�ran, additional, Pohlabeln, Hermann, additional, Simonato, Lorenzo, additional, Wichmann, H.-Erich, additional, and Saracci, Rodolfo, additional
- Published
- 1999
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118. Lung cancer risk in male workers occupationally exposed to diesel motor emissions in Germany
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Br�ske-Hohlfeld, Irene, primary, M�hner, Matthias, additional, Ahrens, Wolfgang, additional, Pohlabeln, Hermann, additional, Heinrich, Joachim, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, J�ckel, Karl-Heinz, additional, and Wichmann, Heinz-Erich, additional
- Published
- 1999
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119. Occupational risk factors for lung cancer in women: Results of a case-control study in Germany
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Jahn, Ingeborg, primary, Ahrens, Wolfgang, additional, Br�ske-Hohlfeld, Irene, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, M�hner, Matthias, additional, Pohlabeln, Hermann, additional, Wichmann, Heinz-Erich, additional, and J�ckel, Karl-Heinz, additional
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- 1999
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120. Multicenter Case-Control Study of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer in Europe
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Boffetta, Paolo, primary, Agudo, Antonio, additional, Ahrens, Wolfgang, additional, Benhamou, Ellen, additional, Benhamou, Simone, additional, Darby, Sarah C., additional, Ferro, Gilles, additional, Fortes, Cristina, additional, Gonzalez, Carlos A., additional, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, additional, Krauss, Martin, additional, Kreienbrock, Lothar, additional, Kreuzer, Michaela, additional, Mendes, Anabela, additional, Merletti, Franco, additional, Nyberg, Fredrik, additional, Pershagen, Göran, additional, Pohlabeln, Hermann, additional, Riboli, Elio, additional, Schmid, Giovanni, additional, Simonato, Lorenzo, additional, Tre'daniel, Jean, additional, Whitley, Elise, additional, Wichmann, Heinz-Erich, additional, Winck, Carlos, additional, Zambon, Paola, additional, and Saracci, Rodolfo, additional
- Published
- 1998
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121. Occupational Lung Cancer Risk for Men in Germany: Results from a Pooled Case-Control Study.
- Author
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Brüske-Hohlfeld, Irene, Mühner, Matthias, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Bolm-Audorff, Ulrich, Kreienbrock, Lothar, Kreuzer, Michaela, Jahn, Ingeborg, Wichmann, Heinz-Erich, and Jückel, Karl-Heinz
- Subjects
LUNG cancer risk factors ,CASE-control method ,LUNG tumors ,ASBESTOS & health ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,HYDROCARBONS ,SILICA ,OCCUPATIONAL hazards ,EPIDEMIOLOGY of cancer ,TUMOR risk factors ,RESEARCH - Abstract
Occupational exposures such as crystalline silica, diesel engine exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and man-made mineral fibers are strongly suspected to increase lung cancer risk. Two case-control studies in Germany conducted between 1988 and 1996 were pooled for a joint analysis. A total of 3,498 male cases and 3,541 male population controls, frequency matched for age and region, were included in the study. The lifelong history of all jobs and industries was coded and occupational exposures were evaluated by expert rating. Odds ratios, crude and adjusted for smoking and asbestos exposure, were calculated by conditional logistic regression. Job-related evaluation showed a statistically significant increased odds ratio adjusted for smoking among farmers; forestry workers, fishermen, and livestock workers; miners and quarrymen; chemical processors; cabinet makers and related wood workers; metal producers and processors; bricklayers and carpenters; road construction workers, pipelayers and well diggers; plasterers, insulators, and upholsterers; painters and lacquerers; stationary engine and heavy equipment operators; transport workers and freight handlers; and service workers. With regard to specific occupational exposures, elevated odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer risk adjusted for smoking and asbestos exposure were observed for man-made mineral fibers (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.17, 1.88); crystalline silica (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.22, 1.62); diesel engine exhaust (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.23, 1.67); and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.14, 2.04). The risk of asbestos exposure, adjusted for smoking was also increased (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.24, 1.60). Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:384–95. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2009
122. Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Germany.
- Author
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Kreuzer, Michaela, Krauss, Martin, Kreienbrock, Lothar, JÖckel, Karl-Heinz, and Wichmann, H.-Erich
- Subjects
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TOBACCO smoke pollution research , *LUNG cancer risk factors , *CASE-control method , *LUNG tumors - Abstract
To assess the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and lung cancer, the authors personally interviewed 292 lifelong nonsmoking lung cancer cases (recruited from 15 hospitals in the study area) and 1, 338 nonsmoking controls (randomly selected by population registries) between 1990 and 1996 in Germany. Subjects were asked by a standardized questionnaire about exposure to ETS in childhood, by spouse, at work, and in transportation and social settings. Several indicators of these different sources of exposure were investigated, using not or low exposed subjects as the reference category. The most informative quantification index was weighted duration of exposure (hours x level of smokiness). No effect of ETS exposure during childhood and no clear effect of spousal ETS were observed. However, for the highest category of exposure, clear effects of ETS at the workplace (odds ratio (OR) = 1.93; 95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.04, 3.58), in vehicles (OR = 2.64; 95% Cl: 1.30, 5.36), and from all sources combined (OR = 1.39; 95% Cl: 0.96, 2.01) were found. Adjustment for occupational carcinogens, radon, and diet did not appreciably change the results. These findings suggest that exposures to high levels of ETS at the workplace and in other public indoor settings appear to be important risk factors for lung cancer risk in nonsmokers. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151: 241–50. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2009
123. LUNG CANCER RISK AMONG FORMER URANIUM MINERS OF THE WISMUT COMPANY IN GERMANY.
- Author
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Bruske-Hohlfeld, Irene, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Wolke, Gabriele, Heinrich, Joachim, Kreuzer, Michaela, Kreienbrock, Lothar, and Wichmann, H.-Erich
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URANIUM mining ,LUNG cancer risk factors ,RADON ,CIGARETTE smokers ,EX-smokers ,ASBESTOS - Abstract
After 1946, the WISMUT Company developed the third-largest uranium-mining province in the world in the German Democratic Republic. Methods: A case-control study among former WISMUT miners was conducted to investigate the lung cancer risk in relation to attained age, time since exposure, exposure duration, and exposure rate. It consisted of 505 patients with lung cancer and 1,073 controls matched to cases according to the year of birth. The cumulative exposure to radon and radon decay products was calculated as the sum of yearly exposures and expressed in Working Level Months (WLM). Cases had a mean cumulative exposure of 552 WLM compared to 420 WLM in controls. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in lung cancer risk for cumulative exposures above 800 WLM. Under the assumption of a linear risk model, there was a significant increase in the relative risk of 0.10 per 100 WLM after adjusting for smoking and asbestos exposure. For current smokers the increase in relative risk was lower (0.05 per 100 WLM), whereas it was higher (0.20 per 100 WLM) among nonsmokers and longtime ex-smokers. After correcting in a sensitivity analysis for the fact that the controls of this study had a higher averaged exposure than the population of WISMUT workers they were recruited from, the adjusted ERR increased to 0.24 per 100 WLM. Lung cancer risk declined with time since exposure, except for exposures received 45 or more years ago. No inverse dose rate effect was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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124. INCREASED LUNG CANCER RISK DUE TO RESIDENTIAL RADON IN A POOLED AND EXTENDED ANALYSIS OF STUDIES IN GERMANY.
- Author
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Wichman, H.-Erich, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Heid, Iris M., Kreuzer, Michaela, Heinrich, Joachim, and Kreienbrock, Lothar
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RADON ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of radiation ,LUNG cancer ,RADIATION injuries ,RADIATION exposure ,RADIATION ,MEDICAL physics - Abstract
Residential radon has been shown to be a risk factor for lung cancer in several studies but with limited power in each single study. The data of two case-control studies performed during 1990–1997 in Germany and used for previous publications have been extended and pooled. Both studies have identical study designs. In total, data of 2,963 incident lung cancer cases and 4,232 population controls are analyzed here. One-year radon measurements were performed in houses occupied during the 5–35 y prior to the interview. Conditional logistic and linear relative risk regression was used for the analysis. Measurements covered on average 70 % of the exposure time window, with an average radon exposure of 61 Bq m
-3 . The smoking and asbestos-adjusted ORs were 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85 to 1.11] for 50–80 Bq m-3 , 1.06 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.30) for 80–140 Bq m-3 and 1.40 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.89) for radon concentrations above 140 Bq m-3 , compared to the reference category <50 Bq rn3. The linear increase in the odds ratio per 100 Bq m-3 was 0.10 (95% CI -0.02 to 0.30) for all subjects and 0.14 (95% CI -0.03 to 0.55) for less mobile subjects who lived in only one home in the last 5–35 y. The risk coefficients generally were higher when measurement error in the radon concentrations was reduced by restricting the population. With respect to histopathology, the risk for small cell carcinoma was higher than for other subtypes. This analysis strengthens the evidence that residential radon is a relevant risk factor for lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2005
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125. Cigar and Pipe Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk: a Multi-center Study From Europe
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Boffetta, Paolo, Pershagen, Goran, Jockel, Karl-Heinz, Forastiere, Francesco, Gaborieau, Valerie, Heinrich, Joachim, Jahn, Inge, Kreuzer, Michaela, Merletti, Franco, Nyberg, Fredrik, Rosch, Franz, and Simonato, Lorenzo
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Cigars -- Health aspects ,Lung cancer -- Risk factors ,Health - Abstract
Background: Because limited information is available on the quantitative association between consumption of tobacco products other than cigarettes and lung cancer risk, we undertook a case-control study of this relationship. Methods: We investigated lung cancer risk among smokers of cigars and/or cigarillos only and of pipes only and compared these risks with the risk of smokers of cigarettes only in a case-control study conducted in seven European areas. Our study population consisted of 5621 male case patients with lung cancer and 7255 male control subjects. Each subject or his proxy was interviewed with respect to the subject's smoking history and other risk factors for lung cancer. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for smoking cigars and cigarillos only was 9.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.8-14.1), based on 43 exposed case patients and 77 exposed control subjects, and the OR for smoking a pipe only was 7.9 (95% CI = 5.3-11.8), representing 61 case patients and 129 control subjects. The OR for smoking cigarettes only was 14.9 (95% CI = 12.3-18.1), based on 4204 case patients and 3930 control subjects. A dose-response relationship was present for duration of use and cumulative consumption both for cigars and cigarillos and for pipe tobacco. An effect was also suggested for inhalation of cigar and cigarillo smoke. The dose-response relationships between lung cancer risk and either duration of smoking or average and cumulative consumption were similar for cigar and cigarillo smoking, pipe smoking, and cigarette smoking. Conclusion: Our results suggest that smoking of European cigars, cigarillos, and pipe tobacco might exert a carcinogenic effect on the lung comparable to that of cigarettes. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:697-701]
- Published
- 1999
126. 0347 analysis of mortality in a pooled cohort of canadian and german uranium processing workers with no mining experience
- Author
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Zablotska, Lydia, Fenske, Nora, Schnelzer, Maria, Zhivin, Sergey, Laurier, Dominique, and Kreuzer, Michaela
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Mortality ,Mining industry -- Health aspects ,Workers -- Health aspects ,Nuclear facilities -- Health aspects ,Uranium industry -- Health aspects ,Nuclear energy -- Health aspects ,Nuclear fuel cycle -- Health aspects ,Business, international - Abstract
Abstract Purpose Long-term health risks of occupational exposures to uranium processing were examined to better understand potential differences with uranium underground miners and nuclear reactor workers. Methods Two cohort studies [...]
- Published
- 2017
127. Lung cancer risk in male workers occupationally exposed to diesel motor emissions in Germany.
- Author
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Brüske-Hohlfeld, Irene, Möhner, Matthias, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Heinrich, Joachim, Kreuzer, Michaela, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, and Wichmann, Heinz-Erich
- Published
- 1999
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128. Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Young Adults.
- Author
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Kreuzer, Michaela, Kreienbrock, Lothar, Gerken, Michael, Heinrich, Joachim, Bruske-Hohlfeld, Irene, Muller, Klaus-Michael, and Wichmann, H. Erich
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LUNG cancer risk factors ,DISEASES in young adults ,DISEASES in older people ,HEALTH ,SMOKING ,ADENOCARCINOMA ,CASE-control method - Abstract
Risk factors for early onset of lung cancer are relatively unknown. In a case-control study, carried out in Germany between 1990 and 1996, the effects of smoking and familial aggregation of cancer were compared in 251 young cases and 280 young controls (≦45 years) and in 2,009 older cases and 2,039 older controls (55–69 years). The male/female ratio was 2.6/1 in young patients and 5.6/1 in older patients. Adenocarcinomas were more frequent in young men than in older men (41 % vs. 28%). Duration of smoking and amount smoked showed significantly increased odds ratios for lung cancer in both age groups. Lung cancer in a first degree relative was associated with a 2.6-fold (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.1–6.0) increase in the risk of lung cancer in the young age group, but no elevated risk was seen in the older group (OR = 1.2, 95% Cl 0.9–1.6). Smoking-related cancer in relatives with the age at diagnosis under 46 years was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in the young group (OR = 5.6, 95% Cl 0.7–46.9) but not in the older group (OR = 0.7, 95% Cl 0.3–1.5). Results indicated that lung cancer risk in young and older age groups shows remarkable differences with respect to sex, histologic type, and genetic predisposition. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147:1028–37. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1998
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129. 0239 Radon exposure and lung cancer mortality in the german uranium miner cohort – results from the extended follow-up to 2013 in the wismut study
- Author
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Sobotzki, Christina, Fenske, Nora, Schnelzer, Maria, and Kreuzer, Michaela
- Abstract
BackgroundA causal association between exposure to radon and its progeny and lung cancer is well established. However, a better knowledge on effect modification by time, age and exposure rate and on risk at low exposures or exposure rates is of high importance.MethodWe analysed 58 974 male uranium miners of the German Wismut cohort with a mortality follow-up from 1946 to 2013 and a sub-cohort of 26 765 miners hired after 1960 characterised by radon values at low exposure-rates. Internal Poisson regression was applied to estimate the Excess Relative Risk (ERR) per unit of cumulative radon exposure in Working Level Months (WLM) with exponential time-related effect modifiers. ResultsIn the full cohort the crude ERR/WLM was 0.0019 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0017;0.0022) based on 3.947 lung cancer deaths. Age at median exposure, time since median exposure, and exposure-rate were strong effect modifiers. Taking them into account led to an estimate of 0.0067 (95%CI: 0.0052;0.0087) for an age at median exposure of 30 years, a time since median exposure of 20 years, and an exposure-rate of 3 WL (strong inverse exposure-rate effect). In the 1960+ sub-cohort, the crude ERR/WLM was 0.0111 (95%CI: 0.0064;0.0173) based on 495 lung cancer deaths. In this relatively young sub-cohort, time since median exposure was also a strong modifier, leading to an ERR/WLM of 0.0165 (95%CI: 0.0083;0.0247) at time since median exposure of 20 years.ConclusionThe present findings provide evidence for an increased lung cancer risk also at low exposures or exposure rates among miners.
- Published
- 2017
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130. 0138 Pooled uranium miners analysis: goals and challenges
- Author
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Richardson, David, Kreuzer, Michaela, Fenske, Nora, Sobotzki, Christina, Do, Minh, Demers, Paul, Laurier, Dominique, Rage, Estelle, Schubauer-Berigan, Mary, Tomasek, Ladislav, Samet, Jon, and Zablotska, Lydia
- Abstract
Epidemiological studies of uranium miners helped to establish radon as a human carcinogen. However, radon remains a leading occupational cause of cancer mortality, and many workers are exposed to radon at levels at which excess risk of lung cancer has been observed in occupational cohort studies. Prior pooled studies of underground miners provided important quantitative estimates of radon-associated lung cancer risk. Recently, efforts have been undertaken to strengthen uranium miner studies to address contemporary occupational safety concerns. New cohorts of underground miners have been enumerated, existing cohorts have been expanded, and follow-up of the major cohorts of miners has been extended substantially. An international collaborative study has been undertaken to combine information from many of the world’s most informative cohort studies of uranium miners; the combined study cohort encompasses more than 1 00 000 miners. This talk will describe the major themes of this project, the goals of the collaborators and the challenges that we have encountered to-date. We will describe similarities and differences between findings from these key cohorts and identify some major gaps in current knowledge about radon’s effects on human health. Finally, we will discuss how international collaborative studies can strengthen our understanding of risks associated with occupational and environmental radon exposures.
- Published
- 2017
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131. Double-arterial cannulation during aortic arch reconstruction in pediatric patients.
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Kreuzer M, Sames-Dolzer E, Benedikt P, Mair R, and Mair R
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- Adolescent, Brachiocephalic Trunk, Catheterization instrumentation, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Retrospective Studies, Suture Techniques, Veins, Aorta, Thoracic surgery, Cardiopulmonary Bypass methods, Catheterization methods, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome surgery
- Abstract
Aortic arch reconstruction is a highly demanding procedure in congenital heart surgery. The 2 conventional options for cardiopulmonary bypass - deep hypothermic circulatory arrest or antegrade cerebral perfusion - both result in lack of perfusion of the entire or lower body. In 2003, the Children's Heart Center Linz started to use a double-arterial cannulation technique for aortic arch reconstructions in order to provide whole body perfusion during the entire operation. Our technique, demonstrated in this video tutorial, is as follows: After inserting an arterial cannula into the innominate artery, followed by venous cannulation, the cardiopulmonary bypass is started. The left pleural cavity is opened directly above the diaphragm. The inferior pulmonary ligament is transected and the descending aorta is then visualized and can be cannulated directly. Both arterial cannulas are linked via a Y-connector. The surgeons in our center have used this method in more than 450 uni- and biventricular newborns and children. There has not been a lethal incident associated with this cannulation technique; one intraoperative lesion of the descending aorta was repaired immediately. Our double-arterial cannulation technique is a simple and safe method for perfusing the brain and the lower parts of the body during aortic arch reconstruction., (© The Author 2016. Published by MMCTS on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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132. Analysis of mortality in a pooled cohort of Canadian and German uranium processing workers with no mining experience.
- Author
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Zablotska LB, Fenske N, Schnelzer M, Zhivin S, Laurier D, and Kreuzer M
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Canada epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Female, Gamma Rays adverse effects, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Lung Neoplasms epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Radon Daughters adverse effects, Cardiovascular Diseases mortality, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Metallurgy, Occupational Diseases mortality, Uranium adverse effects
- Abstract
Purpose: Long-term health risks of occupational exposures to uranium processing were examined to better understand potential differences with uranium underground miners and nuclear reactor workers., Methods: A cohort study of mortality of workers from Port Hope, Canada (1950-1999) and Wismut, Germany (1946-2008) employed in uranium milling, refining, and processing was conducted. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between cumulative exposures to radon decay products (RDP) and gamma-rays and causes of death potentially related to uranium processing., Results: The pooled cohort included 7431 workers (270,201 person-years of follow-up). Mean RDP exposures were lower than in miners while gamma-ray doses were higher than in reactor workers. Both exposures were highly correlated (weighted rho = 0.81). Radiation risks of lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in males were increased but not statistically significant and compatible with risks estimated for miners and reactor workers, respectively. Higher RDP-associated CVD risks were observed for exposures 5-14 years prior to diagnosis compared to later exposures and among those employed <5 years. Radiation risks of solid cancers excluding lung cancer were increased, but not statistically significant, both for males and females, while all other causes of death were not associated with exposures., Conclusions: In the largest study of uranium processing workers to systematically examine radiation risks of multiple outcomes from RDP exposures and gamma-rays, estimated radiation risks were compatible with risks reported for uranium miners and nuclear reactor workers. Continued follow-up and pooling with other cohorts of uranium processing workers are necessary for future comparisons with other workers of the nuclear fuel cycle.
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- 2018
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133. Cognitive Development of School-Age Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Survivors: A Single Center Study.
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Oberhuber RD, Huemer S, Mair R, Sames-Dolzer E, Kreuzer M, and Tulzer G
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- Adolescent, Child, Cognition Disorders etiology, Female, Humans, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome surgery, Intelligence Tests, Male, Neurodevelopmental Disorders etiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Norwood Procedures methods, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome complications, Neurodevelopmental Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
Neurological and radiologic research results show an abnormal cerebral microstructure as well as abnormal neurodevelopment in patients treated for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the varying cognitive performance these children have developed in dependence upon prenatal diagnosis, surgical techniques, surgical learning effects, anatomy, perfusion techniques, gender, pedagogic, and sociodemographic parameters in comparison to age-adjusted normative values. School-age children (6.3-16.9 years) with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, who were treated at the Children's heart Center Linz between 1997 and 2009, (n = 74), were surveyed in reference to cognitive achievements. 43 patients were examined prospectively by psychologists using the Wechsler intelligence scale for children IV in order to determine the respective total intelligence quotient index for each child's developmental stage. The mean index was 84.5 (percentile rank 26.4). The statistical spread and standard deviation ranged from a minimum of 40 to a maximum of 134 ± 20.8. The results for verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, and processing speed corresponded with total index results and were thus lower than the mean value of the normative values. The assessment of working memory showed results in the average. Prenatal diagnosis, type of lung perfusion, anatomy, and various cerebral perfusion techniques did not significantly affect the cognitive results of the patients. The results show that hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients can be successfully tutored formally as well as personally in cognitive areas, although when compared to healthy children, they showed lower results for intellectual area parameters.
- Published
- 2017
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134. Leukaemia mortality and low-dose ionising radiation in the WISMUT uranium miner cohort (1946-2013).
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Kreuzer M, Sobotzki C, Fenske N, Marsh JW, and Schnelzer M
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mining, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced pathology, Occupational Diseases pathology, Occupational Exposure analysis, Radiation Exposure analysis, Radiation, Ionizing, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Leukemia mortality, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced mortality, Occupational Diseases mortality, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Radiation Exposure adverse effects, Uranium adverse effects
- Abstract
Objectives: To examine the risk of death from leukaemia in relation to occupational chronic low-level external and internal radiation exposure in a cohort of 58 972 former German uranium miners with mortality follow-up from 1946 to 2013., Methods: The red bone marrow (RBM) dose from low-linear energy transfer (LET) (mainly external γ-radiation) and high-LET (mainly radon gas) radiation was estimated based on a job-exposure matrix and biokinetic/dosimetric models. Linear excess relative risks (ERR) and 95% CIs were estimated via Poisson regression for chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) and non-CLL., Results: The mean cumulative low-LET and high-LET RBM doses among the 86% radiation-exposed workers were 48 and 9 mGy, respectively. There was a positive non-significant dose-response for mortality from non-CLL (n=120) in relation to low-LET (ERR/Gy=2.18; 95% CI -0.41 to 6.37) and high-LET radiation (ERR/Gy=16.65; 95% -1.13 to 46.75). A statistically significant excess was found for the subgroup chronic myeloid leukaemia (n=31) in relation to low-LET radiation (ERR/Gy=7.20; 95% CI 0.48 to 24.54) and the subgroup myeloid leukaemia (n=99) (ERR/Gy=26.02; 95% CI 2.55 to 68.99) for high-LET radiation. The ERR/Gy tended to be about five to ten times higher for high-LET versus low-LET radiation; however, the CIs largely overlapped. Results indicate no association of death from CLL (n=70) with either type of radiation., Conclusions: Our findings indicate an increased risk of death for specific subtypes from non-CLL in relation to chronic low-LET and high-LET radiation, but no such relation for CLL., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.)
- Published
- 2017
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135. Ionizing radiation biomarkers in epidemiological studies - An update.
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Hall J, Jeggo PA, West C, Gomolka M, Quintens R, Badie C, Laurent O, Aerts A, Anastasov N, Azimzadeh O, Azizova T, Baatout S, Baselet B, Benotmane MA, Blanchardon E, Guéguen Y, Haghdoost S, Harms-Ringhdahl M, Hess J, Kreuzer M, Laurier D, Macaeva E, Manning G, Pernot E, Ravanat JL, Sabatier L, Tack K, Tapio S, Zitzelsberger H, and Cardis E
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Radiation Dosage, Biomarkers, Radiation, Ionizing
- Abstract
Recent epidemiology studies highlighted the detrimental health effects of exposure to low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR): nuclear industry workers studies have shown increased leukaemia and solid tumour risks following cumulative doses of <100mSv and dose rates of <10mGy per year; paediatric patients studies have reported increased leukaemia and brain tumours risks after doses of 30-60mGy from computed tomography scans. Questions arise, however, about the impact of even lower doses and dose rates where classical epidemiological studies have limited power but where subsets within the large cohorts are expected to have an increased risk. Further progress requires integration of biomarkers or bioassays of individual exposure, effects and susceptibility to IR. The European DoReMi (Low Dose Research towards Multidisciplinary Integration) consortium previously reviewed biomarkers for potential use in IR epidemiological studies. Given the increased mechanistic understanding of responses to low dose radiation the current review provides an update covering technical advances and recent studies. A key issue identified is deciding which biomarkers to progress. A roadmap is provided for biomarker development from discovery to implementation and used to summarise the current status of proposed biomarkers for epidemiological studies. Most potential biomarkers remain at the discovery stage and for some there is sufficient evidence that further development is not warranted. One biomarker identified in the final stages of development and as a priority for further research is radiation specific mRNA transcript profiles., (Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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136. Outcome of aortic arch reconstruction in infants with coarctation: Importance of operative approach.
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Tulzer A, Mair R, Kreuzer M, and Tulzer G
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- Anastomosis, Surgical, Aorta, Thoracic surgery, Aortic Coarctation mortality, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular surgery, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sternotomy, Survival Rate, Thoracotomy, Treatment Outcome, Aortic Coarctation surgery, Vascular Surgical Procedures methods
- Abstract
Objectives: Coarctation with hypoplastic aortic arch can be treated with resection and extended end-to-end anastomosis (REEEA) as well as end-to-side anastomosis (ESA). The aim of the study was to review our experience with these techniques in newborns and infants and to assess mid-term outcome with regards to morbidity, mortality, and reintervention rate in relation to operative access and technique., Patients and Methods: Retrospective review of hospital charts and surgical reports from 183 consecutive newborns and infants with coarctation and hypoplastic aortic arch with or without ventricular septal defect between 1996 and 2013. Median age at surgery was 15 days (0-345). Lateral thoracotomy was used as operative access in 111 patients; 72 patients had a median sternotomy, 71 of them with cardiopulmonary bypass (ESA n = 30, REEEA n = 41). Fifty-two patients (28.4%) had an additional ventricular septal defect closure. Follow-up data were available for 75.96% with a median follow-up of 6.3 years (0.2-18.16 years)., Results: Thirty-day mortality was 0.54% with no late mortality occurring during follow-up. There was 1 severe complication: paraplegia and cerebral hypoxemia after REEEA. Freedom from mortality and reintervention at 10 years was 99.27% and 90.12%, respectively. Lateral thoracotomy as operative access was a risk factor for recurrent obstruction (P = .03)., Conclusions: REEEA and ESA were safe and effective treatments in newborns and infants. In borderline cases, aortic arch reconstruction should be performed through a median sternotomy on bypass., (Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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137. Current knowledge on radon risk: implications for practical radiation protection? radon workshop, 1/2 December 2015, Bonn, BMUB (Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit; Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety).
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Müller WU, Giussani A, Rühm W, Lecomte JF, Harrison J, Kreuzer M, Sobotzki C, and Breckow J
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- Humans, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Exposure, Radiation Protection, Risk, Air Pollutants, Radioactive, Radon
- Abstract
ICRP suggested a strategy based on the distinction between a protection approach for dwellings and one for workplaces in the previous recommendations on radon. Now, the Commission recommends an integrated approach for the protection against radon exposure in all buildings irrespective of their purpose and the status of their occupants. The strategy of protection in buildings, implemented through a national action plan, is based on the application of the optimisation principle below a derived reference level in concentration (maximum 300 Bq m(-3)). A problem, however, arises that due to new epidemiological findings and application of dosimetric models, ICRP 115 (Ann ICRP 40, 2010) presents nominal probability coefficients for radon exposure that are approximately by a factor of 2 larger than in the former recommendations of ICRP 65 (Ann ICRP 23, 1993). On the basis of the so-called epidemiological approach and the dosimetric approach, the doubling of risk per unit exposure is represented by a doubling of the dose coefficients, while the risk coefficient of ICRP 103 (2007) remains unchanged. Thus, an identical given radon exposure situation with the new dose coefficients would result in a doubling of dose compared with the former values. This is of serious conceptual implications. A possible solution of this problem was presented during the workshop.
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- 2016
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138. Low-dose ionising radiation and cardiovascular diseases--Strategies for molecular epidemiological studies in Europe.
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Kreuzer M, Auvinen A, Cardis E, Hall J, Jourdain JR, Laurier D, Little MP, Peters A, Raj K, Russell NS, Tapio S, Zhang W, and Gomolka M
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- Cardiotoxicity epidemiology, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Risk Assessment, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Radiation, Ionizing
- Abstract
It is well established that high-dose ionising radiation causes cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, the evidence for a causal relationship between long-term risk of cardiovascular diseases after moderate doses (0.5-5 Gy) is suggestive and weak after low doses (<0.5 Gy). However, evidence is emerging that doses under 0.5 Gy may also increase long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. This would have major implications for radiation protection with respect to medical use of radiation for diagnostic purposes and occupational or environmental radiation exposure. Therefore, it is of great importance to gain information about the presence and possible magnitude of radiation-related cardiovascular disease risk at doses of less than 0.5 Gy. The biological mechanisms implicated in any such effects are unclear and results from epidemiological studies are inconsistent. Molecular epidemiological studies can improve the understanding of the pathogenesis and the risk estimation of radiation-induced circulatory disease at low doses. Within the European DoReMi (Low Dose Research towards Multidisciplinary Integration) project, strategies to conduct molecular epidemiological studies in this field have been developed and evaluated. Key potentially useful European cohorts are the Mayak workers, other nuclear workers, uranium miners, Chernobyl liquidators, the Techa river residents and several diagnostic or low-dose radiotherapy patient cohorts. Criteria for informative studies are given and biomarkers to be investigated suggested. A close collaboration between epidemiology, biology and dosimetry is recommended, not only among experts in the radiation field, but also those in cardiovascular diseases., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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139. Systematic review and meta-analysis of circulatory disease from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation and estimates of potential population mortality risks.
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Little MP, Azizova TV, Bazyka D, Bouffler SD, Cardis E, Chekin S, Chumak VV, Cucinotta FA, de Vathaire F, Hall P, Harrison JD, Hildebrandt G, Ivanov V, Kashcheev VV, Klymenko SV, Kreuzer M, Laurent O, Ozasa K, Schneider T, Tapio S, Taylor AM, Tzoulaki I, Vandoolaeghe WL, Wakeford R, Zablotska LB, Zhang W, and Lipshultz SE
- Subjects
- Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Humans, Occupational Exposure, Radiation Injuries epidemiology, Radiation Monitoring, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cardiovascular Diseases mortality, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Environmental Exposure, Radiation Injuries etiology, Radiation Injuries mortality, Radiation, Ionizing
- Abstract
Background: Although high doses of ionizing radiation have long been linked to circulatory disease, evidence for an association at lower exposures remains controversial. However, recent analyses suggest excess relative risks at occupational exposure levels., Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize information on circulatory disease risks associated with moderate- and low-level whole-body ionizing radiation exposures., Methods: We conducted PubMed/ISI Thomson searches of peer-reviewed papers published since 1990 using the terms "radiation" AND "heart" AND "disease," OR "radiation" AND "stroke," OR "radiation" AND "circulatory" AND "disease." Radiation exposures had to be whole-body, with a cumulative mean dose of < 0.5 Sv, or at a low dose rate (< 10 mSv/day). We estimated population risks of circulatory disease from low-level radiation exposure using excess relative risk estimates from this meta-analysis and current mortality rates for nine major developed countries., Results: Estimated excess population risks for all circulatory diseases combined ranged from 2.5%/Sv [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 4.2] for France to 8.5%/Sv (95% CI: 4.0, 13.0) for Russia., Conclusions: Our review supports an association between circulatory disease mortality and low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation. Our analysis was limited by heterogeneity among studies (particularly for noncardiac end points), the possibility of uncontrolled confounding in some occupational groups by lifestyle factors, and higher dose groups (> 0.5 Sv) generally driving the observed trends. If confirmed, our findings suggest that overall radiation-related mortality is about twice that currently estimated based on estimates for cancer end points alone (which range from 4.2% to 5.6%/Sv for these populations).
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- 2012
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140. Residential radon and lung cancer--detailed results of a collaborative analysis of individual data on 7148 persons with lung cancer and 14,208 persons without lung cancer from 13 epidemiologic studies in Europe.
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Darby S, Hill D, Deo H, Auvinen A, Barros-Dios JM, Baysson H, Bochicchio F, Falk R, Farchi S, Figueiras A, Hakama M, Heid I, Hunter N, Kreienbrock L, Kreuzer M, Lagarde F, Mäkeläinen I, Muirhead C, Oberaigner W, Pershagen G, Ruosteenoja E, Rosario AS, Tirmarche M, Tomásek L, Whitley E, Wichmann HE, and Doll R
- Subjects
- Case-Control Studies, Epidemiologic Studies, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Lung Neoplasms etiology, Proportional Hazards Models, Radon analysis, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking epidemiology, Lung Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced epidemiology, Radon toxicity
- Abstract
Objectives: Studies seeking direct estimates of the lung cancer risk associated with residential radon exposure lasting several decades have been conducted in many European countries. Individually these studies have not been large enough to assess moderate risks reliably. Therefore data from all 13 European studies of residential radon and lung cancer satisfying certain prespecified criteria have been brought together and analyzed., Methods: Data were available for 7148 persons with lung cancer and 14,208 controls, all with individual smoking histories and residential radon histories determined by long-term radon gas measurements., Results: The excess relative risk of lung cancer per 100 Bq/m3 increase in the observed radon concentration was 0.08 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.03-0.16; P=0.0007] after control for confounding. The dose-response relationship was linear with no evidence of a threshold, and it remained significant when only persons with observed radon concentrations of <200 Bq/m3 were included. There was no evidence that the excess relative risk varied with age, sex, or smoking history. Removing the bias induced by random uncertainties related to radon exposure assessment increased the excess relative risk of lung cancer to 0.16 (95% CI 0.05-0.31) per 100 Bq/m3. With this correction, estimated risks at 0, 100, and 400 Bq/m3, relative to lifelong nonsmokers with no radon exposure, were 1.0, 1.2, and 1.6 for lifelong nonsmokers and 25.8, 29.9, and 42.3 for continuing smokers of 15-24 cigarettes/day., Conclusions: These data provide firm evidence that residential radon acts as a cause of lung cancer in the general population. They provide a solid basis for the formulation of policies with which to manage risk from radon and reduce deaths from the most common fatal cancer in Europe.
- Published
- 2006
141. Secondhand smoke exposure in adulthood and risk of lung cancer among never smokers: a pooled analysis of two large studies.
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Brennan P, Buffler PA, Reynolds P, Wu AH, Wichmann HE, Agudo A, Pershagen G, Jöckel KH, Benhamou S, Greenberg RS, Merletti F, Winck C, Fontham ET, Kreuzer M, Darby SC, Forastiere F, Simonato L, and Boffetta P
- Subjects
- Aged, Case-Control Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Environmental Exposure, Europe, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Risk, Smoking, United States, Lung Neoplasms etiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution
- Abstract
The interpretation of the evidence linking exposure to secondhand smoke with lung cancer is constrained by the imprecision of risk estimates. The objective of the study was to obtain precise and valid estimates of the risk of lung cancer in never smokers following exposure to secondhand smoke, including adjustment for potential confounders and exposure misclassification. Pooled analysis of data from 2 previously reported large case-control studies was used. Subjects included 1263 never smoking lung cancer patients and 2740 population and hospital controls recruited during 1985-1994 from 5 metropolitan areas in the United States, 11 areas in Germany, Italy, Sweden, United Kingdom, France, Spain and Portugal. Odds ratios (ORs) of lung cancer were calculated for ever exposure and duration of exposure to secondhand smoke from spouse, workplace and social sources. The OR for ever exposure to spousal smoking was 1.18 (95% CI = 1.01-1.37) and for long-term exposure was 1.23 (95% CI = 1.01-1.51). After exclusion of proxy interviews, the OR for ever exposure from the workplace was 1.16 (95% CI = 0.99-1.36) and for long-term exposure was 1.27 (95% CI = 1.03-1.57). Similar results were obtained for exposure from social settings and for exposure from combined sources. A dose-response relationship was present with increasing duration of exposure to secondhand smoke for all 3 sources, with an OR of 1.32 (95% CI = 1.10-1.79) for the long-term exposure from all sources. There was no evidence of confounding by employment in high-risk occupations, education or low vegetable intake. Sensitivity analysis for the effects of misclassification (both positive and negative) indicated that the observed risks are likely to underestimate the true risk. Clear dose-response relationships consistent with a causal association were observed between exposure to secondhand smoke from spousal, workplace and social sources and the development of lung cancer among never smokers., (Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2004
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142. Residential radon and risk of lung cancer in Eastern Germany.
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Kreuzer M, Heinrich J, Wölke G, Schaffrath Rosario A, Gerken M, Wellmann J, Keller G, Kreienbrock L, and Wichmann HE
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- Aged, Germany, East, Humans, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Radon analysis, Risk Factors, Lung Neoplasms etiology, Radon poisoning
- Abstract
Background: There is suggestive evidence that residential radon increases lung cancer risk. To elucidate this association further, we conducted a case-control study in Thuringia and Saxony in Eastern Germany during 1990-1997., Methods: Histologically confirmed lung cancer patients from hospitals and a random sample of population controls matched on age, sex and geographical area were personally interviewed with respect to residential history, smoking, and other risk factors. One-year radon measurements were performed in houses occupied during the 5-35 years prior to the interview. The final analysis included a total of 1,192 cases and 1,640 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by logistic regression., Results: Measurements covered on average 72% of the exposure time window, with mean radon concentrations of 76 Bq/m3 among the cases and 74 Bq/m3 among the controls. The smoking- and asbestos-adjusted ORs for categories of radon (50-80, 80-140 and >140 Bq/m*3, compared with 0-50 Bq/m3) were 0.95 (CI = 0.77 to 1.18), 1.13 (CI = 0.86 to1.50) and 1.30 (CI = 0.88 to 1.93). The excess relative risk per 100 Bq/mł was 0.08 (CI = -0.03 to 0.20) for all subjects and 0.09 (CI = -0.06 to 0.27) for subjects with complete measurements for all 30 years., Conclusions: Our data indicate a small increase in lung cancer risk as a result of residential radon that is consistent with the findings of previous indoor radon and miner studies.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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